International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research

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1 International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research ISSN: (P) ISSN: (O) Review Article CLINICAL EFFICACY OF VRAHAT DADIMASHTAK CHOORNA: A CRITICAL REVIEW Rohit Kumar Khatik 1 *, Anita Sharma 2, Jain Subodh 1 * 1 PG scholar 2 Associate Professor, Dept. of Agadtantra, National Institute of Ayurved, Aamer Road, Jaipur, Rajasthan. ABSTRACT According to Ayurvedic literature, the potency and efficacy (Saviryata awadhi) of Ayurvedic classical preparations depend upon quality of each drug (having Rasa panchak), desh (region), Kal (time), Ritu (season), their preparation method and route of administration. But now a day, in modern science got after research these concepts molded and depend on chemical composition of each drug or preparation. Here we describe the claims of Vrahat dadimashtak choorna in various diseases especially in Gastro-intestinal ailments. As per Acharya Sharangdhar, Vrahat dadimashtak choorna is useful for the treatment of following disorders:-atisaar (diarrhoea) Kshaya (phthisis), Gulma (abdominal tumor/abdominal lump), Grahani (sprue), Galagraha (pain in throat), Mandagni (Improper digestion), Peenus (rhinitis), Kas (cough). The all contents of Vrahat dadimashtak choorna have been evaluated according to the research done by various research scholars. The efficacy has been also tested according to the Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka described in Ayurvedic text. In this research paper we are try to establish the claims of old Ayurvedic text on the recent research parameters. KEYWORDS: Vrahat dadimashtak choorna, Atisara, Gulma. INTRODUCTION Ayurveda has a vast treasure of drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders mentioned in our renowned treaties. Vrahat dadimashtak choorna is a very common Ayurvedic medicine for the management of gastrointestinal disorder and metabolic disorder. As Acharya sharangdhar stated Vrahat dadimashtak choorna is useful for the treatment of following disorders: Atisaar (Diarrhoea) Kshaya (phthisis) Gulma (Abdominal tumor / Abdominal lump) Grahani (Sprue) Galagraha (Pain in throat) Mandagni (Improper digestion) Peenus (Rhinitis) Kas (Cough) [1] Ayurvedic properties, Chemical composition and Medicinal Properties of ingredient drugs of Vrahat Dadimashtak choorna are followed (Table 1-3). indications of Vrahut dadimastak choorna 1. Atisaar (Diarrhoea): The constituents of Vrahat dadimashtak choorna like Sunthi, Jeerak, Dhaniya and Dadimbeej having Deepan and Grahi properties, so it is quite effective in different types of Atisara. Essential oil from cardamom was evaluated to have some inhibition for each of the test strains that included: Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus niger, Geotrichum, and Rhodotorula. [2] Volatile oils from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (CZ) had significant activity against the growth of food poisoning organisms, food spoilage organisms and organisms of faecal origin. [3] CZ- CZ leaves and bark was able to inhibit the propagation of human rotavirus 32.4% and 33.9% respectively. [4] Patra (leaf) Antidiarrhoeal activity of Ethanol extract in mice, Castor oil Induced diarrhea [5]. Ginger inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Staphylococci, Streptococci and Salmonella. [6] 2. Kshaya (phthisis): The Ela, Tvak, Tungshir, Pippali and Jeeraka of this Choorna having Deepana, Rochana and Kshayahara properties. The immunomodulatory effect of Z. officinale essential oils was reported in mice. In the study, essential oil of Z. officinale was administered to mice (once a day, orally, for a week) previously immunized with sheep red blood cells. Z.officinale essential oil showed the improvement in humoral immune response in immune suppressed mice [7]. Immunomodulatory effect of cumin seed, in a recent study, oral treatment with cumin showed immunomodulatory properties in normal and immune suppressed animals via modulation of T lymphocytes expression in a dose dependent manner. It stimulated the T cells (CD4 and CD8) and Th1 cytokines expression in normal and cyclosporine induced immune suppressed mice. In restraint stress induced immune suppressed IJAPR December 2015 Vol 3 Issue 12 24

2 animals; the active compound of cumin countered the depleted T lymphocytes, decreased the elevated corticosterone levels and size of adrenal glands and increased the weight of thymus and spleen. [8] Water (MIC-100 μg/ml) and ethanolic (MIC-200 μg/ml) extracts of CZ was observed to have activity against M. tuberculosis. [9] 3. Gulma (Abdominal tumor/abdominal lump): Vrahat dadimashtak choorna have Jeerak, Pippali, Pippalimool, Yawani showing Deepana and Gulmahar properties.. Due to the presence of calcium and fiber in cinnamon which can help to remove bile, which prevents damage to colon cells, thus prevents colon cancer [10]. Antiaflatoxigenic Activity of C. tamala of leaf oil Aflatoxin B1 secretion by the toxigenic strain (SK 3NSt) of A. flavus [11] 4. Grahani (Spru /Mal-absorption): This Choorn has Nagakesar, Sunthi, and jeeraka having Deepana, Grahi and Grahnidoshahara properties. C. tamala shows Gastroprotective activity in Experimental gastric ulcers in rats [12]. Gastro protective Activity of Trachyspermum ammi fruit showed antiulcer activity by using different ulcer models. Animals pre-treated with ethanolic extract showed significant decrease in ulcer index and percentage ulcer protection in all models. The results suggests that the extract showed significant protection (p<0.001) by reducing ulcerative lesions when compared with control group of animals [13]. Trachyspermum ammi, affect on the food transit time in experimental rats in vivo, the addition of Trachyspermum ammi to the diet reduced food transit time and also enhanced the activity of digestive enzymes and/or caused a higher secretion of bile acids (Digestive stimulant actions) [14]. 5. Galagraha (Pain in throat): Its content like Sunthi, Maricha, Dhanyak, Jeera and Yawani having Shoolprashaman (pain killer) and Sheetahara properties found effective in Galagraha. Piperine the active principle of Pippali and Maricha cures cold cough, dyspnoea, diseases of the throat and Improves breathing, reduce cough (Stanley, 2001). Small pieces of cinnamon can be chewed or gargled with cinnamon water which serves as a good mouth freshener and anti-inflammatory effect [15]. 6. Mandagni (Improper digestion): As per Ayurvedic text, Its Dadimbeej, Misri, Dhaniya, Sunthi, Tvak, Patra, Ela etc., having Deepan, Pachana and Agnivardhaka guna so it is quite effective in treating Mandagni. Black Pepper Improves Digestion and Promotes Intestinal health, It has been found that piperine can increase absorption of selenium, vitamin B, beta-carotene and curcumin. It can improve digestion and stimulate the secretion from Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2015;3(12):24-29 the taste buds and taste bud stimulation is a feedback loop for digestion process. It sends impulses to the stomach to increase digestive juices secretion (eg. Hydrochloric acid). These juices break down the protein in the stomach, improving ability for further digestion in the duodenum [16]. Cinnamon is very effective for indigestion, nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, diarrhea and flatulence. It is very helpful in removing gas from the stomach and intestines. It also removes acidity, diarrhea and morning sickness. It is often referred to as a digestive tonic [17]. Some active components of ginger are reported to stimulate digestion, absorption, relieve constipation and flatulence by increasing muscular activity in the digestive tract [18]. Ginger has been traditionally exploited for having broad range of antimicrobial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi. In vitro studies have shown that active constituents of ginger inhibit multiplication of colon bacteria, these bacteria ferment undigested carbohydrates causing flatulence, this can be counteracted with ginger [19]. Svetajiraka has reported to be a very good stomachic appetizer and carminative [20]. 7. Peenus (Rhinitis) And Kas (Cough): Pippali, Maricha, Tvak, tungshir and Tamalpatra having Kasa, Peenus hara properties so this Choorn is also effective in cough and rhinitis. Cinnamon is very useful home remedy for common or severe colds. It will cure most chronic cough, cold and clear the sinuses [21]. Piperine the Cures cold cough, dyspnoea, diseases of the throat and Improves breathing, reduce cough (Stanley, 2001). Ginger is found effective to cure many illnesses such as allergic reactions, acute and chronic cough, common cold, fever, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, acute chronic bronchitis, respiratory troubles [22]. Yawani (Bishop's weed) the antitussive effects of aerosols of two different concentrations of aqueous and macerated extracts and carvacrol, codeine, and saline were tested by counting the number of coughs produced. The results showed significant reduction of cough number obtained in the presence of both concentrations of aqueous and macerated extracts and codeine (p < for extracts and p < 0.01 for codeine) [23]. CONCLUSION By this all review work, It is concluded that Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna is very good drug to treat all the above stated ailments of gastro-intestinal disorders. And now, we are now able to justify the claims of old Ayurvedic text on the modern research parameters. IJAPR December 2015 Vol 3 Issue 12 25

3 Padumadasa C et al. A Preliminary Investigation of the Shodhana (Detoxification) of Roots of Plumbago Indica L. Table 1: Ayurvedic properties of ingredient drugs of Vrahat dadimashtak choorna [24] S.No. Ingredient Properties Part used Qty (%) 1. Dadimbeeja Rasa-Madhura, Kashaya, Amla; Guna-Laghu, Snigdha; Virya- Seed 33% (Pomgranate) Anushna; Vipaka- Madhura, Amla; Karma-Rochana, (Punica granatum) Kandughana, Krimghana, Sangrahi, Kanthaya; Dosha Prabhava- Kapha-Vata har 2. Misri (crystalline sugar) 3. Pippali (Long peeper) Piper longum 4. Pippalimula (long peeper root) 5. Yawani (Bishop's weed) (Trachyspermum ammi) 6. Maricha (Black peeper) (Piper nigrum) 7. Dhanyaka (Coriander) (Coriandrum sativum) 8. Jiraka (Cumin seed) (Cuminum cyminum) 9. Sonth (Dry zinger) (Zingiber officinale) 10. Tugakshiri (Bamboo manna) (Bambusa arundinacea) 11. Tvak (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) 12. Ela (Cardamom) (Elettaria cardamomum) 13. Patra (Cinnamomum tamala) 14. Nagakesar (Cobra s saffron) (Mesua ferra) Rasa-Madhur; Guna-Sheet, Sar, Laghu; Virya-Sheet; Vipaka- Madhura; Karma-Ruchya, Dahnut, Moorchchhahar, Chhardighna, Jwaraghna; Dosha Prabhava-Vata Pitta har [25] Rasa-Katu; Guna-Laghu, Snigdha, Tikshana; Virya-Anushna; Vipaka-Madhura; Karma-Aanahaghna, Vrishya Dipaniya, Shoolprashamniya, Pachaniya, Jwarahara; Dosha Prabhava- Kapha-Vata har Rasa-Katu, Tikta; Guna-Laghu, Snigdha, Tikshana; Virya- Ushna; Vipaka-Katu; Karma-Aanahaghna, Vrishya, Dipaniya, Shoolprashamniya, Pachaniya, Jwarahara; Dosha Prabhava- Kapha-Vata har Rasa-Katu Tikta; Guna-Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshana; Virya- Ushna; Vipaka-Katu; Karma-Rochan, Dipan, Jantughna, Anuloman, Vednasthapan; Dosha Prabhava-Vata Kapha Shamak Rasa-Katu; Guna-Laghu, Tikshana; Virya-Ushna; Vipaka- Katu; Karma-Chakshushya, Dipaniya, Shoolprashamniya, Krimghana; Dosha Prabhava-Kapha-Vata har Rasa-Kashaya; Guna-Laghu, Ushana, Ruksha; Virya-Ushna; Vipaka-Madhura; Karma-Dipaniya, Pachaniya, Vatanulomaka, Mutral; Dosha Prabhava-Tridosha shamaka Rasa-Katu; Guna-Laghu, Ruksha; Virya-Ushna; Vipaka-Katu; Karma-Rochan, Dipana, Vatanulomaka Vednasthapan, Raktashodhaka; Dosha Prabhava-Kapha-Vata har Rasa-Katu; Guna-Laghu, Snigdha; Virya-Ushna; Vipaka- Madhur; Karma- Rochana, Dipan, Shoolprashaman, Raktashodhak, Aampachan; Dosha Prabhava-Vata-Kapha Shamak Rasa-Madhura, Kashaya; Guna-Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshana; Virya-Shita; Vipaka-Madhur; Karma- Varnya, Kusthghna, Raktasthambhana, Trishnaanigraha; Dosha Prabhava- Kapha-pitta har Rasa-KatuTikta; Guna-Laghu, Tikshana, Ruksha; Virya- Ushna; Vipaka-Katu; Karma- Rochana, Kandughana, Krimghana, Sangrahi, Kanthaya; Dosha Prabhava-Kapha- Vata har Rasa-Madhura Katu; Guna-Laghu, Ruksha; Virya-Shita; Vipaka-Madhura; Karma-Rochana, Dipana, Krimghana; Dosha Prbhava- Tridosh har Rasa-Madhura; Guna-Ushna, Pichchhila, Laghu; Virya-Ushna, ;Vipaka-Katu; Karma-Arsoghna, Hrullasa, Rochan, Peenusghna; Dosha Prbhava- Kaph vata har [26] Rasa-Kashaya, Tikta; Guna-Laghu, Ruksha; Virya-Anushana; Vipaka-Katu; Karma- Stambhana, Krimghana; Dosha Prabhava-Vata-Pitta har % Fruits 4% Roots 4% Seeds 4% Fruits 4% Fruits 4% Seeds 4% Rhizome 4% Latex 1% Barks 0.5% Fruits 0.5% Leafs 0.5% Seeds 0.5% Available online at: 26

4 Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2015;3(12):24-29 Table 2: Chemical composition of each drug of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna [27] S.N. Drug Chemical Composition 1 Dadimbeeja (Pomgranate) punicic acid [28] (Punica granatum) 2 Misri crystalline sugar 3 Pippali (Long peeper) Piper longum piperine, iperonaline, piperettine, asarinine, pellitorine, piperundecalidine, piperlongumine [29] 4 Pippalimula (long peeper root) piperine, iperonaline, piperettine, asarinine, pellitorine, piperundecalidine, piperlongumine 5 Yawani (Bishop's weed) carbohydrates, tannins, glycosides, saponins, flavone and nicotinic acid [30] (Trachyspermum ammi) 6 Maricha (Black peeper) Piperine, lauratic acid, palmitic acid, ascorbic acid [31] (Piper nigrum) 7 Dhanyaka (Coriander) (Coriandrum sativum) apigenin, luteolin, diosmin, dihydroquercetin, catechin, chrysoeriol, dicoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin (Oganesyan et al., 2007) 8 Jiraka (Cumin seed) (Cuminum cyminum cuminaldehyde, limonene, αand βpinene, cineole, cymene, αand γterpinene, safranal and linalool [32] 9 Sonth (Dry zinger) (Zingiber officinale) gingerols, shogaols, paradols and zingerone zingeberene, curcumene, farnesene [33] 10 Tugakshiri (Bambusa arundinacea) Oxalic acid, reducing sugar, resins, waxes, HCN, benzoic acid (Ghosh et al., 1938) 11 Tvak (Cinnamomum Cinnamaldehyde, trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, linalool [34] zeylanicum) 12 Ela (Cardamom) (Elettaria cardamomum) protocatechualdehyde, protocatechuic acid, alpha-terpinyl acetate, linalyl acetate, limonene, linalool, limonene [35] 13 Patra (Cinnamomum Furanosesquiterpenoids, Furanogermenone, tamala) β- caryophyllene, sabinene, curcumenol [36] 14 Nagakesar (Cobra s Mesuarin, Mesuein, Ferrxanthone (Walia, S., et.al, 1984) saffron) (Mesua ferra) Table 3: Medicinal Properties of Each Constituents of Vrahat Dadimashtak Choorna [37] S.N. Drugs Charak Susruta P.V. Sharma Uses in Nighantus 1. Dadimbeeja Hridya Chhardinigraha Parushakadi gana Rochan Grahi, Ruchya, Deepana 2. Misri Ruchya, 3. Pippali/ Pippali- Kasahar, Dipniya, Traptighna Urdhwabhaghar, Pipplyadigana Kasahar Swas, Kasa, Agnivardhaka, Gulmaghna, Kshyapahama mula 4. Yawani Sheetprashamana -- Shoolprash Gulmaghna amana 5. Maricha Dipniya, Shoolprashamana Pipplyadigana Deepan Deepana, Sarvakashara Kramighna, Shirovirechan Tryausna 6. Dhanyaka Trashnanigrha Sheetprashamana Guduchyadigana Trashnani grha Swasakashara, Rochana Grahi 7. Jiraka Shoolprashamana Pipplyadigana Deepan Gulma, Atisaar, Grahani, Shirovirechan Kshaya 8. Sonth Traptighna, Arsoghna, Dipniya, Shoolprashamana Trashnanigrha Pipplyadigana Tryausna Traptighna Atisaar, Agnivardhaka, Grahanidosha 9. Tugakshiri Kasa, Kshaya 10. Tvak --- Eladigana Chhedana Swasakashara, Kshaya, Peenus, Aruchi, Hrullasa IJAPR December 2015 Vol 3 Issue 12 27

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