SOME PLANTS USED IN AYURVEDIC AND UNANI SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE, TEHSIL JOGINDER NAGAR, DISTRICT MANDI, H.P., INDIA

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1 SOME PLANTS USED IN AYURVEDIC AND UNANI SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE, TEHSIL JOGINDER NAGAR, DISTRICT MANDI, H.P., INDIA *Neelam Kumar Centre of Excellence in Dravyaguna and Medicinal Plants, Research Institute in Indian System of Medicine, Joginder Nagar, District Mandi (H.P) *Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT Maximum rural populations of the world including India are dependent on traditional systems of medicine for their health care. India has six recognized systems of medicine (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Yoga, Naturopathy and Homoeopathy). Keeping in view the importance and demand of medicinal plants, the present study has been carried out in different areas of tehsil Joginder Nagar during April 2012 to February Total 134 belonging to 67 families and 119 genera were recorded from the study areas. All plant are provided along with their Botanical name, Family name, Unani name and Ayurvedic name. A checklist has been prepared after comparing with the existing literature of Ayurvedic and Unani System of Medicine especially with the list of medicinal plant given in Hamdard Pharmacopoeia of Eastern Medicine. Keywords: Medicinal Plant, Ayurvedic System of Medicine, Climatic Condition and Diversity INTRODUCTION India is endowed with a rich biological heritage due to variable climatic conditions and it has six recognized systems of medicine i.e. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Yoga, Naturopathy and Homoeopathy. Maximum rural populations of the world including India are dependent on these systems of medicine for their health care. About 15% of the total geographically area of our country is inhibited by the tribals (Gupta, 1987). Ayurveda is a traditional system of Medicine, native to India but Unani system of Medicine originated in Greece and has been introduced by the Arabs in India. A number of drugs and surgical methods are developed by ayurvedic practitioners for various ailments. Ayurvedic system of medicine is based on three dosas (Vata, pitta and Kapha). The body will be healthy, if all dosas exist in equal quantities. The Unani medicine is based on the humoral theory. Disease occurs whenever the balance of humors is disturbed (Joshi and Joshi, 2013; Kumar, 2014). Himachal Pradesh is situated in the lap of Western Himalaya between 30 22' N to 33 12' N and 75 45' E to 79 04' E. It covers Sq. Km area and having a variety of medicinal plants in wild states due to favourable environmental conditions. The present study was centered on Tehsil Joginder Nagar, District Mandi of Himachal Pradesh to collect and making permanent record of medicinally important floristic diversity. It is situated between 31 50' N and 76 45' E and bears the richest and most varied flora due to variable altitudinal (900 to 2800 meters) and climatic conditions. Prior to 1925 the whole area was called Sukrahatti which was then renamed as Joginder Nagar after Raja Joginder Sen of Mandi. Joginder Nagar is famous for having three hydro electric power stations, narrow gauge railway line, Govt. ayurvedic drugs manufacturing unit, Herbal Garden. Maximum people of rural areas depend on forest for their livelihood and numbers of people also use various plants for their health care. Various such types of studies have been carried out on floral diversity and medicinal important floral diversity in different regions of Himachal Pradesh including Joginder Nagar (Ahluwalia, 1952; Ambasta, 1986; Kumar, 2014; Rastogi, 1960; Sood et al., 2009; Uniyal and Chauhan, 1971), but many biodiversity rich areas are still unexplored. Keeping in view the importance of phytodiversity and demands of medicinal plant in the pharmaceutical industries especially in the traditional systems of Medicine, this study was carried out in order to conserve the knowledge about medicinal plants of Tehsil Joginder Nagar. Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 73

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS The field trips were arranged during the period of April 2012 to February 2014 in different areas of Tehsil Joginder Nagar. The plant specimens collected during field visits were pressed and dried using blotting papers for about two to three weeks at room temperature. The collected plant specimens were dipped in the solution of 2% mercuric chloride for minutes in order to provide protection against insects and fungal attack. After poisoning, the plants were mounted on the herbarium sheets. The collected specimens were identified with the help of the various flora and books (Sood et. al, 2009; Polunin and Stainton, 1984 and Chatterjee and Pakrashi, 1991; Prajapati et. al., 2003) and carefully matched with the specimens kept at herbarium of Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun. All the plant specimens were arranged alphabetically and enumerated along with their Botanical name, Family name, Unani name and Ayurvedic/Sanskrit Name. A checklist has been prepared after comparing with the existing literature of Ayurvedic and Unani System of Medicine and especially with the list of medicinal plant used in Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicine given in Hamdard Pharmacopoeia of Eastern Medicine (Anonymous, 1997). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The present study records 134 plant of 119 genus and 67 families belonging to three distinct taxonomic groups i.e. angiosperms, gymnosperms and pteridophytes. Out of these families, 65 belong to angiosperms, one each to gymnosperms and pteridophytes. Among the dominant families, and Solanaceae represented with maximum number of i.e. 9; followed by Poaceae with 7 ; Rosaceae with 6 ; Apocynaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Moraceae with 5 each; Asteraceae and Malvaceae with 4 each; Caesalpinaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Liliaceae, Pinaceae, Rubiaceae and Zingiberaceae with 3 each; Acanthaceae, Alliaceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae, Menispermaceae, Myrtaceae, Nyctaginaceae and Oleaceae with 2 each and remaining 43 families were with single only (Figure 1) with nine with seven with six with five with four with three with two with single Figure 1: Distribution of families based on number of All plant specimens were collected from the area of tehsil Joginder Nagar during the course of study. All plant were provided with Botanical name, Family name, Unani name and Ayurvedic name (Table- 1). An analysis of the shows that (130 ) % angiosperms, (3 ) 2.24% gymnosperms and (1 ) 0.75 % pteridophytes. Out of 65 families of angiosperms 55 (109 ) were Dicotyledons and 10 (21 ) were Monocotyledons. Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 74

3 Table S1: List of plants used in Ayurvedic and Unani systems of Medicine. S.N. Botanical Name Family English Name Unani Name Ayurvedic Name (Sanskrit Name) 1 Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench Malvaceae Lady s Finger, Okra Bhindi Latakasturika (Mushkdana) 2 Abelmoschus moschatus Medic. Malvaceae Musk Mallow Mushkdana Latakasturika 3 Abies pindrow Royle Pinaceae Himalayan Silver Fir Talispatra Talispatram 4 Abrus precatoriuslinn. Papilionaceae; Indian Liquorice, Jequirity Koonch, Ghongchi Gunja 5 Acorus calamus Linn. Araceae Sweet Flag, Calamus Bach Vacha 6 Adhatoda vasica Nees Acanthaceae Malabar Nut Bansa, Basti, Basunti Vasa (Vasaka) 7 Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn. Adiantaceae Maidenhair fern Hansraj Mayura Shikha 8 Aegle marmelos Correa. Rutaceae Bael Tree Belgari Bilva 9 Allium cepa Linn. Alliaceae Onion Piyaz Palandu 10 Allium sativum Linn. Alliaceae Garlic Lehsun Rason, Lashuna 11 Aloe barbadensis Mill. Liliaceae Indian Aloe, Barbados Aloe Ghikwar Kumari (Ghritakumari 12 Alstonia scholaris R. Br. Apocynaceae Dita bark Chhatiyun, Sattoona Saptaparna 13 Ambroma augusta Linn. Sterculiaceae Perennial Indian Hemp, Devil s Ulatkambal Ulakkambal Cotton 14 Amomum subulatum Roxb. Zingiberaceae Greater or Nepal Cardamom Elaichi Kalan Brihaela 15 Anacyclus pyrethrum DC. Asteraceae Spanish Pellitory Aqarqara Akarakarbha(Aqarqarha) 16 Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees Acanthaceae Creat,Kariyat, Indian Chiretta Kalmegh Kalmegh 17 Aristolochia indica Linn. Aristolochiaceae Indian Birthwort Zaravand Hindi Ishvari 18 Artemisia vulgarislnn. Asteraceae Indian Wormwood, Fleabane Nagdamani Damanak, Nagdamani 19 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Moraceae Indian Jack Tree Kathal Panas 20 Asparagus racemosus Willd. Liliaceae Wild Asparagus Satawar, Shaqaqual Misri Satawari 21 Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cong. Cucurbitaceae Ash Gourd, White Pumpkin Petha Kooshmanda 22 Berberis aristata DC. Berberidaceae Indian Barberry Zarishk Daruharidra 23 Bergenia ciliata Sternb. Saxifragaceae Velvet Leaf Patharchat, Pashanbed Pashanbed 24 Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Nyctaginaceae Spreading Hog-weed Theekri Punarnava 25 Bombax ceiba Linn. Bombacaceae Silk Cotton Tree Mochras, Senbhal Mocharasa (Salmali) 26 Borassus flabellier Linn. Arecaceae Palmyra Palm, Brab Tree Tar Tela, Taal 27 Butea monosperma(lam.) Kuntze Papilionaceae; Flame of the Forest Palas Palasha 28 Camellia sinensis (Linn.) O. Kuntze Theaceae Indian Tea, Tea Plant Chaey Chai, Chaha 29 Cannabis sativa Linn. Cannabinaceae Indian Hemp Bhang Bhanga (Vijaya) 30 Capsicum annuum Linn. Solanaceae Red Chilli Mirch Surkh Lanka, Raktamarich 31 Carica papaya Linn. Caricaceae Papaya Papeeta Erandakarkati 32 Cassia fistula Linn. Caesalpiniaceae Indian Laburnum, Purging Cassia Amaltas Aragvadha Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 75

4 33 Cassia occidentalis Linn. Caesalpiniaceae Negro Coffee, Stinking Weed Kasoondi Kasmarda 34 Cedrella toona Roxb. Meliaceae Toon Red Cedar Tun Toona, Toonika 35 Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. Pinaceae Himalayan Cedar, Deodar Devdar Devadaru 36 Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Staff Plant Malkangni Jyotishmati 37 Centipeda minima (Linn.) A. Br. & Asteraceae Sneeze Wart Nakchikni (Pitta Pishkia) Chikkika, Chikkni Aschers. 38 Chenopodium album Linn. Chenopodiaceae Lumb s Quarters Bathu Vastukah 39 Cicer arietinum Linn. Papilionaceae; Bengal Gram, Chick Pea Chana Jivana, Chanakah 40 Cinnamomum tamala Nees & Eberm Lauraceae Cassia cinnamomum, Indian Tejpata Tamalpatra Cassia Lignea 41 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn. Lauraceae Cinnamon, Ceylon Cinnamon Darchini Twak 42 Cissampelos pareira Linn. Menispermaceae False Periera Brava, Velvet Leaf Patha Patha 43 Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merrill Rutaceae Forbidden Fruit Chakotra Madhukarkati 44 Coriandrum sativum Linn. Apiaceae Coriander Dhaniya Dhanyakam 45 Crinum asiaticum Linn. Amaryllidaceae St. John s Lily, Poison Bulb Sukhdarshan Nagadamani 46 Cucumis sativus Linn. Cucurbitaceae Cucumber Kakri, Kheera Trapusha 47 Curcuma longa Linn. Zingiberaceae Turmeric Haldi Haridra 48 Cynodon dactylon Pers. Poaceae Dhub Grass Kabbar Durvadwayam 49 Cyperus scariosus R. Br. Cyperaceae Nut Grass Motha, Nagar Motha Musta, Naagaramustaka 50 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Papilionaceae; Sissoo Shisham Shinshapa 51 Datura stramonium Linn. Solanaceae Thorn Apple, Jimson Weed Dhatura Krishna-dhattura, Madan 52 Dolichos lablab Linn. Papilionaceae; Lab-Lab Bean Sim Nispavah, Sem 53 Eleusine coracana Gaertn. Poaceae African Millet Mandua Madhulika, Ragi 54 Embelia ribes Burm.f. Myrsinaceae Embelia Bao Barang Vidang 55 Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Euphorbiaceae Indian Ghooseberry Amla Amalaki 56 Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. Rosaceae Loquat, Japanese Medlar Locat, Lokaat Lottaaka 57 Eugenia jambolana Lam. Myrtaceae Jaman, Black Plum Jamun Jambu 58 Ficus benghalensis Linn. Moraceae Banyan Bargad Vata 59 Ficus carica Linn. Moraceae Common Fig Anjeer Phalgu, Manjul 60 Ficus racemosa Linn. Moraceae Cluster Fig, Gular Fig Goolar Udumbar 61 Ficus religiosa Linn. Moraceae Peepal Pipal Ashvattha 62 Fumaria parviflora Lam. Papaveraceae; Common Fumitory Shahtra Parpat Fumariaceae 63 Gloriosa superba Linn. Liliaceae Malabar Glory Lily Muleem Langali 64 Helianthus annuus Linn. Asteraceae Common Sunflower Suraj Mukhi Suryamukhi 65 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. Malvaceae Chinese Hibiscus, Shoe Flower Gudhal Japa Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 76

5 66 Holarrhena antidysenterica (Linn.) Wall Apocynaceae Kurchi Inderjo Tulkh Kutaja 67 Hordeum vulgare Linn. Poaceae Barley Jao Yava 68 Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. Oleaceae Common White Garden Jasmine, Chambeli Jati Spanish Jasmine 69 Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Ait. Oleaceae Arabian or Tuscan Jasmine Motiya Mallika, Varshiki 70 Juglans regia Linn. Juglandaceae Common Walnut, Persian Walnut Akhrot Akshotak 71 Lagenaria siceraria ( Mol.) Standley Cucurbitaceae Bottle Gourd, Calbash Gourd Karvi Laoki, Kaddu Tulkh Ikshwaku 72 Linum usitatissimum Linn. Linaceae Linseed Alsi Atasi 73 Litchi chinensis (Gaertn.) Sonn. Sapindaceae Litchi, Lychee Lichi Lychee 74 Luffa acutangula (Linn.) Roxb. Cucurbitaceae Ridged or Ribbed Gourd Karvi Tori Koshataki 75 Mallotus philippensis Muell. Arg. Euphorbiaceae Kamala Tree Kameela Kampillaka 76 Mangifera indica Linn. Anacardiaceae Mango Tree, Spring Tree Aam Amra 77 Melia azedarach Linn. Meliaceae Persian Lilac Bead Tree Burg-e-Bakayen Mahanimba 78 Mimosa pudica Linn. Mimosaceae Touch-me-not, Sensitive Plant Lajwanti Lajjalu 79 Mirabilis jalapa Linn. Nyctaginaceae Four O Clock Plant Gul-e-Abbas Somalata 80 Momordica charantia Linn. Cucurbitaceae Bitter Gourd, Carilla Fruit Karela Karavella 81 Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Drumstick Tree Sahanjna Shigru 82 Musa paradisiaca Linn. Musaceae Banana Kela Kadali 83 Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. Myricaceae Box berry, Box Myrtle Kaiphal Katphala 84 Nerium indicum Mill. Apocynaceae Indian Oleander Kaner Karaveer 85 Nicotiana tabacum Linn. Solanaceae Tobacco Tambaku Tamarparna 86 Ocimum basilicum Linn. Lamiaceae Sweet basil, Common Basil Tulsi Barbari 87 Oroxylum indicum Vent. Bignoniaceae Indian Trumpet Tree Tentu Shyonaka 88 Oryza sativa Linn. Poaceae Paddy, Rice Chawal Dhanya 89 Papaver somniferum Linn. Papaveraceae Afim Afiyun Ahifen 90 Phaseolus radiatus Roxb. Papilionaceae; Black Gram Mung (Urd) Mashaparni 91 Physalis minima Linn. Solanaceae Sun Berry Tankari Mridukuncika 92 Pinus longifolia Roxb. Pinaceae Chir, Pine Chir Sarala 93 Piper longum Linn. Piperaceae Indian Long Pepper Piplamool Pippali 94 Pisum sativum Linn. Papilionaceae; Pea Satla Kalaya, Satina 95 Plumeria rubra Linn. Apocynaceae Jasmine or Temple Tree Gulchin Kshiracampaka, Shveta-campaka 96 Prunus communis Fritsch Rosaceae Almond Badam Vaataama, Vaataada 97 Prunus cerasoides D. Don Rosaceae Himalayan Wild Cherry Padmakh Padmaka 98 Prunus persica Betsch Rosaceae Peach, Nectarine Aru Aaluka, Aru 99 Psidium guajava Linn. Myrtaceae Common Guava Amrud Aruka 100 Psoralea corylifolia Linn. Papilionaceae; Babchi Babchi Bakuchi (Babchi) Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 77

6 101 Punica granatum Linn. Punicaceae Anar Anar Dana Dadima 102 Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae; Putranjiva Jiwaputra Putranjivaka Putranjivaceae 103 Pyrus communis Linn. Rosaceae Pear, Wild pear, Common Pear Nashpati Nashpati 104 Randia dumetorum Poir. Rubiaceae Common Emetic Nut Mainphal Madana Phala 105 Raphanus sativus Linn. Brassicaceae Radish Tukh-e-Muli Mulaka (Mooli) 106 Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz Apocynaceae Serpentina-root, Rauvolfia-root Asrol Sarpagandha 107 Ricinus communis Linn. Euphorbiaceae Castor Arand Eranda 108 Rosa damascena Mill. Rosaceae Gulab Taruni 109 Saccharum officinarum Linn. Poaceae Sugar Cane, Noble Cane Ganna, Shakar Ekshu (Sarkara) 110 Sesamum orientale Linn. Pedaliaceae Sesame, Gingelly Til Safed, Til Tilaha 111 Sida cordifolialinn. Malvaceae Country-Mallow Kharenti Bela 112 Solanum melongena Linn. Solanaceae Egg-Plant, Brinjal Baingan, Katai Kalan Vrintaki, Vartiki 113 Solanum nigrum Linn. Solanaceae Black night shade Makoh Kakamachi (Makoh) 114 Solanum surattense Burm. f. Solanaceae Yellow Berried Night-shade Katai Khurd Kantkari 115 Solanum tuberosum Linn. Solanaceae Potato Alu Aaluka 116 Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Symplocaceae Lodh Tree, Sapphine Berry Pathanilodh Lodhra 117 Tamarindus indica Linn. Caesalpiniaceae Tamarind Tree Tukhm-e-Imli Chinchika (Imli, China) 118 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.Combretaceae Arjun tree, White Murdah Arjun Arjuna 119 Terminalia bellirica Roxb. Combretaceae Belliric Myrobalan Bahera Bibhitaka (Beheda) 120 Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Chebulic Myrobalan Halila Zard, Halila Siah Abhay (Haritaki) 121 Tinospora cordifolia (Wild.) Miers. Ex Menispermaceae Tinospora, Gulaancha Tinospora Gilo Guduchi Hook. F. & Thoms 122 Trigonella foenum graceum Linn. Papilionaceae; Fenugreek Methi Methiki, Methini 123 Valeriana wallichii DC. Valerianaceae Indian Valerian Asaroon Tagara 124 Vanda roxburghii R. Br. Orchidaceae Vanda Orchid Rasna Rasma 125 Vetiveria ziznioides (Linn.) Nash Poaceae Vetiver, Khas-Khas Khas Khas 126 Viscus album Linn. Viscaceae European Mistletoe Banda Bandaaka 127 Vitex negundo Linn. Verbenaceae Indian Privet Nagandbabri, Sambhaloo Nirgundi (Sambhalu) 128 Vitis vinifera Linn. Vitaceae Common Grape Vine, WineGrape Angur, Kishmish Draksha 129 Withania somnifera Dunal Solanaceae Winter cherry, Ashwagandha Asgandh Ashwagandha 130 Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz Lythraceae Fire Flame Bush Gil-e-Makhtom Dhataki (Dhaya) 131 Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Rutaceae Tooth ache tree, Prickly Ash Tejbal Tejovati (Tejbal) 132 Zea mays Linn. Poaceae Maize, Indian Corn Makai Makaya, Mahaa-Kaaya 133 Zingiber officinale Rosc. Zingiberaceae Ginger Zanjibil Ardaraka, Shunthi 134 Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Rhamnaceae Chinese Date, Chinese Plum Ber Badari, Kola Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 78

7 Plant diversity is one of the major resources that fulfill the needs of human beings i.e food, fodder, fibers and medicines etc. Maximum rural populations of the world including India are dependent on these systems of medicine i.e. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Yoga, Naturopathy and Homoeopathy, for their health care. About 15% of the total geographically area of our country is inhibited by the tribals (Gupta, 1987). Natural phyto-diversity is under various threats due to over exploitation, urbanization, habitat destruction, increased demand of herbal material in pharmaceutical industries and climate changes. Various studies have been carried out on phyto-diversity (Hooker, ; Collett, 1902; Kumar, 2014) and on diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants in different regions of Himachal Pradesh including Joginder Nagar (Ahluwalia, 1952; Kumar, 2014; Sood, et.al, 2009; Uniyal and Chauhan, 1971), but many biodiversity rich areas are still unexplored. The selected study area shows great medicinal important floral diversity due to suitable climatic conditions. So there is need to explore, document and conserve the natural diversity, because large proportions of the world s population depends on herbal medicine for their health care. Conclusion During the course of study, 134 plant belonging to 67 families have been documented. Out of 65 families of angiosperms 55 (109 ) were Dicotyledons and 10 (21 ) Monocotyledons. Plant diversity is one of the major resources that fulfill the needs of human beings. People of rural areas totally depend on biodiversity for their food, fuel, fodder, timber, medicines and other purposes. The floral diversity is under various threats due to over exploitation and increased demand of herbal raw material in pharmaceutical industrialization, habitat destruction and climate changes. The selected study area shows great medicinal important floral diversity due to favourable climatic conditions. So, there is need to explore, collect and document the information of medicinal important floristic diversity of unexplored areas to conserve natural resources for coming generations. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author is thankful to the Director and other scientific staff of Botanical Survey of India, Dehra Dun for their help in identification of plant. I would like to thank Mr. Munish Sharma, Dr. S. N Bundela, Mr. Dinesh Thakur, Mr. Vikas Rathore, Ramesh Chand Saklani and Mrs. Bandu Sharma for their help and moral support to complete this work. REFERENCES Ahluwalia KS (1952). Medicinal Plants of Kangra Valley. Indian Forester 78(4) Ambasta SP Ed. (1986). The Useful Plants of India (Publication and Information Directorate C.S.I.R., New Delhi). Anonymous (1997). Hamdard Pharmacopoeia of Eastern Medicine (Sri Satguru Publications: A division of Indian Books Centre Delhi, India). Chatterjee A and Pakrashi SC (1991). The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants 1 Revised (Publication and Information Directorate C.S.I.R., New Delhi). Collett H (1902). Flora Simlensis (Thacker Spink and Co. Calcutta and Shimla) Reprint 1971 (Bishan Singh. Mahendra Pal Singh Cannaught Place Dehra Dun, India). Gupta SP (1987). Study of plants during ethnological research among the tribals. In: A Manual of Ethnobotany edited by Jain SK (Sci. Publication, Jodhpur) Hooker JD ( ). The Flora of British India I-VIII (Lalit Mohan Basu, Allahabad). Joshi V and Joshi RP (2013). Some Plants used in Ayurvedic and Homopathic Medicine. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2(1) Kumar N (2014). Studies on Floral Diversity of Joginder Nagar and Adjoining Areas, District Mandi, H. P., India. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences 4(1) Kumar N (2014). Studies on Phytodiversity of Tehsil Joginder Nagar, District Mandi (Himachal Pradesh). Indian Journal of Plant Sciences 3(1) Kumar N (2014). Survey on Medicinal Plants used in Indian System of Medicine tehsil Joginder Nagar, District Mandi, H.P., India. International Journal of Environmental Biology 4(1) Copyright 2014 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 79

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