International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry

Transcription

1 IJGHC, June 2014 August -2014; Sec. B; Vol.3, No.3, International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry E-ISSN: Research Article An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences Available online atwww.ijghc.com Section B: Herbal Chemistry CODEN (USA): IJGHAY Root Drugs Available at Tehsil Joginder Nagar, District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India Neelam Kumar *, Munish Sharma, Bandu Sharma Centre of Excellence in Dravyaguna and Medicinal Plants Research Institute in Indian System of Medicine, Joginder Nagar, District Mandi (H.P) Received: 24 July 2014; Revised: 13 August 2014; Accepted: 18 August 2014 Abstract: The aim of present study is to document the information of medicinally important roots that have been used in various herbal medicines, available at tehsil Joginder Nagar.Total 123 plant of 109 genera and 58 families belong to angiosperms were collected from area of tehsil Joginder Nagar. Joginder Nagar lies between 31 50' N and 76 45' E in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh and rich in floristic diversity due to variable climatic conditions. Out of these 58 families, 45 families belong to Dicotyledons and 13 Monocotyledons. All plant specimens were preserved in the form of herbarium. Plants were enumerated along with their Botanical, Family and Local name. All plants were compared with the existing literature for their medicinal value. Keywords: Climatic conditions, Root drugs, Herbarium, Monocotyledons. INTRODUCTION Root is the typically underground part of a plant. There are two types of root i.e. radicle and adventitious root. The main function of the root is the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients from the soil. It also store food and nutrients. The Northern Western Himalaya is a reservoir of floral diversity due to variable climatic conditions and large percentage of crude drugs in market come from this region. Roots of various plant have also been used in number of herbal formulations IJGHC, June 2014 August -2014; Section B; Vol.3, No.3,

2 Himachal Pradesh is a hilly state of India with altitude ranging from 350 to 7000 meters and located in the Western Himalaya region between 30 22' N to 33 12' N and 75 45' E to 79 04' E. Tehsil Joginder Nagar lies between 31 50' N and 76 45' E in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, consists of 222 villages.it lies at 900 to 2800 meters above mean sea level and its maximum areas are covered under forest. It is the repository of floral diversity due to variable environmental conditions. Medicinal plants are available in the natural resources. Due to increased demand in herbal medicines, dependency on forest for herbal raw materials has increased, therefore many valuable are facing threat of extinction, and even some are disappearing from this earth. About 1000 plant are under threat in different geographical regions of the country. Various studies have been carried out on floristic and medicinally important diversity of Himachal Pradesh including tehsil Joginder Nagar 1-16, 25, but many biodiversity rich areas are still unexplored. So, there is a great need to explore and document the floral diversity of unexplored areas. Keeping in view the importance of medicinally important floral diversity, the present study has been undertaken to assess and document the important information. MATERIAL AND METHODS The field surveys for root drugs have been conducted during September 2012 to May 2014 in Tehsil Joginder Nagar. The plant specimens collected during field visits were identified and preserved in the form of herbarium. The herbarium was prepared after treating the collected plant specimens with 2% mercuric chloride solution to provide protection against insects and fungal attack. The collected specimens were identified with the help of the various flora and books and carefully matched with the specimens housed at the herbarium of Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun. All the plant specimens were arranged alphabetically and enumerated along with their Botanical, Family and Local name. All plants were compared with the existing literature for their medicinal value 22, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION During the course of study, 123 plant of 109 genera and 58 families belong to angiosperms were collected from tehsil Joginder Nagar (Table. 1). All plant samples were collected at flowering and fruiting season to ease the identification. Out of these 58 families, 45 families belong to Dicotyledons (91 genera and 103 ) [ %] and 13 families belong to Monocotyledons (18 genera and 20 ) [16.26 %)]. Among these families the predominant families are Asteraceae with 11 ; Apocynaceae and Malvaceae with 07 each; Papilionaceae with 06 ; Poaceae and Verbenaceae with 05 each; Cucurbitaceae, Oleaceae and Solanaceae with 04 each; Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae and Rubiaceae with 03 ; Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Arecaceae and Asparagaceae with 02 each; and remaining 35 families represented by single only [Fig. 1]. All recorded plants were compared with the existing literature for their medicinal value. The Northern Western Himalaya is a reservoir of floral diversity due to variable climatic conditions. Floral diversity is one of the major resources that fulfill the basic needs of the rural population. Plants have been used since long to heal and cure diseases. Medicinal plants are available in the wild habitat. Due to increased demand in herbal medicines, dependency on forest for herbal raw materials has increased, therefore many valuable are facing threat of extinction, and even some are disappearing from this earth. Keeping in view of importance and increased demand of herbal medicine in the world, the study has been undertaken 1-16, IJGHC, June 2014 August -2014; Section B; Vol.3, No.3,

3 Table. 1: List of plants available at tehsil Joginder Nagar, District Mandi (H.P.) S.No. Botanical Name Family Local Name Uses 1 Abelmoschus moschatus Malvaceae Kasturi Bhindi Gonorrhoea and venereal diseases. Medic. 2 Abrus precatorius Papilionaceae; Rati Tonic, diuretic, emetic, alexeteric, gonorrhoea and jaundice. 3 Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Puthkanda Diarrhoea, stop bleeding after abortion and haemorrhoids. 4 Achyranthes bidentata Blume Amaranthaceae Puthkanda, Uptkanda Anti-inflammatory, hypotensive and uterotonic problems. 5 Acorus calamus Araceae Bare, Bach Analgesic, antispasmodic, carminative, emetic and expectorant. 6 Adhatoda vasica Nees Acanthaceae Bansa, Basti, Basunti Anthelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, expectorant and sedative. 7 Aegle marmelos Correa. Rutaceae Bel Loss of appetite and puerperal diseases. 8 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Chaya, Demulcent and useful in headache. ex Schult. Gorakhbuti 9 Agave americana Agavaceae Ramban Antisyphlitic, diaphoretic and diuretic. 10 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Nila-phoolnu Antidysenteric and antilithic. 11 Aloe barbadensis Mill. Liliaceae Kawar, Colic. Ghi-Kawar 12 Ambromaaugusta Sterculiaceae Ulatkambal, Emmenagogue and uterine tonic. Olatkambal 13 Anacyclus pyrethrum DC. Asteraceae Akarkara Antirheumatic, epilepsy, hemiplegia and paralysis. 14 Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees Acanthaceae Creat,Kariyat, Indian Chiretta Aperient, stimulant, tonic, Anthelmintic, febrifuge and tonic. 15 Artemisia vulgaris Asteraceae Nagdamani Antiseptic and tonic. 16 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Kathal Antidiarrhoeal. Lam. 17 Asclepias curassavica Asclepiadaceae Ghamera, Parvini Astringent, cathartic, emetic, purgative and styptic. 18 Asparagus adscendens Roxb. 19 Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Asparagaceae Sansharpali, Sanspai Satawar, Sansharpali 1283 IJGHC, June 2014 August -2014; Section B; Vol.3, No.3, As appetizer, diuretic, aphrodisiac, laxative, dysentery, diarrhoea and leprosy. Alterative, anti-diarrhoetic, antidysenteric, antiseptic, antispasmodic and aphrodisiac. 20 Barleria cristata Acanthaceae Sam, Morani Anaemia and inflammation. 21 Bauhinia variegata Caesalpiniaceae Karale Carminative, in dyspepsia and flatulence. 22 Berberis aristata DC. Berberidaceae Kashmal, Daruharidra Enlargement of liver and spleen, bleeding piles, diarrhoea, leucorrhoea and stomatitis. 23 Blumea lacera DC. Asteraceae Kakranda, Jangli Cholera. Muli 24 Boerhaavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae It-sit Expectorant, diuretic, laxative,

4 oedema, jaundice, gonorrhoea and other internal inflammations. 25 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Semal, Simbal Anti-dysenteric, aphrodisiac, astringent, emetic and tonic. 26 Borassus flabellier Arecaceae Tar, Tal Anti-gonorrhoeal, Anthelmintic, diuretic and restorative. 27 Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. 28 Canna indica Cannaceae Aeran, Hardarshan, Sudarshan Asclepiadaceae Ak Anti-dysenteric, anti-spasmodic, diaphoretic, emetic, expectorant and purgative IJGHC, June 2014 August -2014; Section B; Vol.3, No.3, Diaphoretic, diuretic, demulcent and stimulant. 29 Carissa carandas Apocynaceae Garna, Garnae Anthelmintic, bitter, purgative, stomachic and scabies. 30 Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae Aahali, Amaltas Astringent, purgative, febrifuge, tonic, skin diseases and burning sensation. 31 Cassia occidentalis Caesalpiniaceae Chakramard, Diuretic, antiperiodic and purgative. Chakunda 32 Catharanthus roseus G. Don Apocynaceae Sadabahar Hypertension and cerebrovascular dilation. 33 Cissampelos pareira Menispermaceae Bhatindu Antipyretic, diuretic and laxative. 34 Clerodendrum inerme Verbenaceae Kundali Rheumatism. () Gaertn. 35 Crinum asiaticum Amaryllidaceae Sukhdarshan Diaphoretic, emetic and purgative. 36 Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Amaryllidaceae Kali musli Emollient, diuretic, aphrodisiac, depurative, appetizer, antipyretic and tonic. 37 Cynodon dactylon Pers Poaceae DhubGhash Vesicle calculus and secondary syphilic. 38 Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae Motha, Mustak Irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhoea, dyspepsia, diarrhoea and vomiting. 39 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Papilionaceae; Sisham Astringent. 40 Datura metel Solanaceae Kala Dhatura, Dhattura Antidiarrhoeal, antipyretic, antiseptic and skin diseases. 41 Eclipta alba () Hassk. Asteraceae Bhringraj Emetic and purgative. 42 Embelia ribes Burm. f. Myrsinaceae Viavidang, Vidang Cough, diarrhoea, pneumonia and toothache. 43 Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Euphorbiaceae Amla Astringent. 44 Euphorbia neriifolia Euphorbiaceae Thohar Antispasmodic. 45 Euphorbia thymifolia Euphorbiaceae Choti-Dudhi Amenorrhoea. 46 Ficus benghalensis Moraceae Vat, Bor Antiemetic and leucorrhoea. 47 Ficus racemosa Moraceae Gular, Umare Hypoglycaemic activity in diabetes and dysentery. 48 Flacourita indica (Burm. Flacourtiaceae Kangu Refrigerant and diuretic. f.) Merr. 49 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Apiaceae Saunf Diuretic and purgative. 50 Gardenia augusta Merrill. Rubiaceae Taggar Dyspepsia and nervous disorders.

5 51 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gumbhari Gambhari Demulcent, laxative, stomachic and tonic. 52 Helianthus annuus Asteraceae Surajmukhi Anodyne, useful in odontalgia and for strengthening the teeth. 53 Hemerocallis fulva Liliaceae; Hemerocallidaceae Day Lily Anti-inflammatory and haemostatic properties. 54 Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. Asclepiadaceae; Periplocaceae Anantamool Alterative, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic and tonic. 55 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Malvaceae China Rose, Japa Cough. 56 Ipomoea quamoclit Convolvulaceae Nagar-bel Sternutatory. 57 Jasminum grandiflorum Oleaceae Malti, Chameli, Jati Cephalgia, mental debility, flatulence, dysmenorrhoea, ringworm, leprosy and giddiness. 58 Jasminumhumile Oleaceae PeeliChameli Ringworm. 59 Jasminum multiflorum Oleaceae Chameli Emmenagogue. (Burm.f.) Andr. 60 Jasminum sambac () Oleaceae Banmallika Emmenagogue. Ait. 61 Lagenaria siceraria ( Mol.) Standley Cucurbitaceae Laucki Emetic, purgative, anti-inflammatory and constipation. 62 Lagerstroemia indica Lythraceae Har-Shingar Astringent. 63 Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae ChudailButi, Gargle for odontalgia and dysentery. PhulLakdi; 64 Lepidium sativum Brassicaceae Halae Secondary syphilis and tenesmus. 65 Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. Lauraceae Gawoon, Paror Externally for pains, bruises and contusions. 66 Luffa acutangula () Cucurbitaceae Kali Tori, Dropsy and laxative. Roxb. Jhinga Tori 67 Malva sylvestris Malvaceae Gulkhair Given to children to ease teething. 68 Malva verticillata Malvaceae DosniPhool Tiredness of lower limbs and body, recetocele and chronic nephritis. 69 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Lajwanti, Chuimui Gravel and urinary complaints. 70 Mirabilis jalapa Nyctaginaceae Gulabansh Aphrodisiac and mild purgative. 71 Momordica charantia Cucurbitaceae Karela Astringent and haemorrhoids. 72 Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Sunaney Diuretic, rubefacient, hiccough, asthma and gout. 73 Mucuna prurita Hook. Papilionaceae; GazalBel Nervine tonic, diuretic, cholera, dropsy and elephantiasis. 74 Musa paradisiaca Musaceae Kela Anthelmintic. 75 Mussaenda frondosa Rubiaceae Bedina Demulcent, cough, eye troubles and leprosy. 76 Nerium indicum Mill. Apocynaceae Kaner Resolvent and attenuant, abortifacient, ulcer and leprosy. 77 Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae Bhabri Febrifuge, bowel complaints of children. 78 Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Tulsi Aphrodisiac, diaphoretic in malarial fever. 79 Oroxylumindicum Vent. Bignoniaceae Arlu, Tataein Dropsy, tonic, useful in diarrhoea 1285 IJGHC, June 2014 August -2014; Section B; Vol.3, No.3,

6 and digestion. 80 Oryza sativa Poaceae Paddy, Rice Cooling, diuretic, febrifuge, dipsia and diabetes. 81 Parthenium hysterophorus Linn Asteraceae Congress-grass, Carrot-grass, Phulnoo Dysentery. Arecaceae Khajrey Nervous debility and toothache. 82 Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. 83 Piper longum Piperaceae Pippali Diarrhoea, indigestion, jaundice, abdominal disoreders, piles and asthma. 84 Plantago major Plantaginaceae Isafghol Astringent and febrifuge. 85 Plumbago zeylanica Plumbaginaceae Chitrak Abortifacient, vesicant, antidiarrhoeal and antidyspeptic. 86 Plumeria rubra Apocynaceae Champa Cathartic, antiherpetic, purgative and venereal sores. 87 Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle. Liliaceae; Convallariaceae 88 Pongamia pinnata Pierre Papilionaceae; Meda Karanja 1286 IJGHC, June 2014 August -2014; Section B; Vol.3, No.3, Emollient, aphrodisiac, galactagogue, febrifuge, expectorant and tonic. Foul ulcers and fistulous sores, cleaning teeth and strengthening gums. 89 Prunus communis Fritsch Rosaceae Badam Astringent. 90 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Amrood, Indigestion. Amaruud 91 Punica granatum Punicaceae Daadu, Anar Astringent and Anthelmintic. 92 Raphanus sativus Brassicaceae Muli Diuretic, carminative and digestive. 93 Rauwolfia serpentina Apocynaceae Sarpagandha Hypotensive. Benth. ex Kurz 94 Rubia cordifolia Rubiaceae Manjith, Majit Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, emmenagogue, ophthalmic, febrifuge and tonic. 95 Saccharum officinarum Linn Poaceae Ganna Jaundice, aphrodisiac, antiseptic, diuretic and laxative. 96 Saccharum spontaneum L. Poaceae Kaans, Kas, Diuretic and galactagogue. Kahi 97 Sapindus mukorossii Gaertn. Sapindaceae Dodan, Ritha Expectorant, demulcent, hemicranic, hysteria and epilepsy. 98 Selinum vaginatum C. B. Clarke. Apiaceae Bhutkeshi, Mathosal Nervine sedatives, hypotensive and analgesic. 99 Sesamum orientale Pedaliaceae Til Blacking and promoting hair growth. 100 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Dredain Astringent, diuretic, tonic, cystitis, stranguary and haemayutis. 101 Sida veronicaefolia Lam. Malvaceae Bala Leucorrhoea, micturition and gonorrhoea. 102 Solanum melongena Solanaceae Baingan Anti-asthmatic, stimulant, nasal ulcers and otitis. 103 Solanum surattense Burm. f. Solanaceae Kant-Kari, Kateli Anti-asthmatic, antiemetic, diuretic, expectorant and catarrhal affections, 104 Sonchus arvensis Asteraceae Sahadevi-bari Diseases of respiratory tract.

7 Sadhi 105 Spilanthes acmella Murr. Asteraceae Akarkara Purgative. 106 Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq.) Willd. Apocynaceae Chandni Anthelmintic, anodyne, relieves toothache. 107 Tagetes erecta Asteraceae Genda Laxative. 108 Tectoma grandis Verbenaceae Sagwan Useful in anuria. 109 Thevetia neriifolia Juss. ex Apocynaceae Kaner Plaster for tumour. Steud. 110 Trichosanthes palmata Cucurbitaceae BimBel Carbuncle and headache. Roxb. 111 Triumfetta rhomboidea Tiliaceae Beedli Diuretic, facilitate child birth. Jacq. 112 Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merrill. Asclepiadaceae Antamul, JungliPikvam Alterative, anti-rheumatic, chronic bronchitis and whooping cough. 113 Urena lobata Malvaceae Van -bhenda Diuretic, rheumatism and lumbago. 114 Valeriana wallichii DC. Valerianaceae Mushkbala, Sugandhbala Astringent, thermogenic, emollient, anodyne, digestive and cardiotonic. 115 Vanda roxburghii R. Br. Orchidaceae Rasna Bronchitis, dyspepsia, fever and rheumatism 116 Vetiveria zizanioides () Nash Poaceae Khas-khas Diaphoretic, colic, flatulence and vomiting 117 Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Papilionaceae; Mash, Mah, Mas Narcituc, for ostalgia, abscess and inflammation. 118 Vigna radiata (L.) Milczek Papilionaceae; Mung Refrigerant, digestive, emollient, aphrodisiac, galactagogue, febrifuge and tonic. 119 Viola odorata Violaceae Banaksha Laxative, febrifuge, tonic, expectorant and diuretic. 120 Vitex negundo Verbenaceae Banaha, Bana, Suro Anodyne, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, tonic and dyspepsia. 121 Withania somnifera Dunal Solanaceae Asgandh Adaptogenic, alterative, aphrodisiac, diuretic, tonic and deobstruent. 122 Xanthium strumarium Asteraceae Chota-gokhru, Jhanjheed Tonic, scrofula, ulcers, boils and abscess. 123 Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Rhamnaceae Ber Bitter, colling anodyne, tonic, wounds, ulcers and cephalgia IJGHC, June 2014 August -2014; Section B; Vol.3, No.3,

8 with 11 with 07 with 06 with 05 with 04 with 03 with 02 with 01 Fig. 1. Distribution of families based on number of. CONCLUSION The aim of present study is to provide information of medicinally important roots that have been used in various herbal medicines, available at tehsil Joginder Nagar. Total 123 plant of 109 genera and 58 families belong to angiosperms were collected from area of tehsil Joginder Nagar. Northern Western Himalaya is a reservoir of medicinally important floral diversity. People of rural areas totally depend on floral diversity for their basic requirement i. e. food, fuel, fodder, timber, medicines etc. The selected study areas show great medicinally important floral diversity. So, there is need to explore and collect the information of medicinally important floristic diversity of unexplored areas to conserve. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are thankful to Dr. Sunil Kumar Srivastava (Director), Dr. Prashant Kumar Pusalkar (Scientific C) and other scientific staff of Botanical Survey of India, Dehra Dun for their help in identification of plant. We would like to thanks to Dr. S. N Bundela, Mr. Dinesh Thakur, Mr. VikasRathore, and Sh. Ramesh Chand Saklani for their moral support to complete this work. REFERENCES 1. N. Kumar. Some Medicinal Plants of Tehsil Joginder Nagar, District Mandi, H.P., India. I. Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, 2014, 4(1): N. Kumar. Some Plants Used in Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of Medicine, Tehsil Joginder Nagar, District Mandi, H.P., India. International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 2014, 4(1): N. Kumar. Studies on Floral Diversity of Joginder Nagar and Adjoining Areas, District Mandi, H. P., India. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 2014, 4(1): IJGHC, June 2014 August -2014; Section B; Vol.3, No.3,

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