International Journal of Research in Biological Sciences

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1 Available online at International Journal of Research in Biological Sciences Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved ISSN Original Article USEFUL MEDICINAL PLANTS OF TEHSIL JOGINDER NAGAR, DISTRICT MANDI, H.P., INDIA NEELAM KUMAR Centre of Excellence in Dravyaguna Medicinal Plants Research Institute in Indian System of Medicine, Joginder Nagar, District Mi (H.P) Received 28 March 2014; accepted 29 April 2014 Abstract Plants have been used since long times to heal cure diseases. India has one of the richest herbal medicine traditions in the world. Medicinal plants play an important role in meeting the dem of the traditional medicine. About 80 percent of the population in developing countries depends on plant based medicine for their health care. The present study was carried out in different region of Tehsil Joginder Nagar, District Mi of Himachal Pradesh during April 2012 to March It is repository of medicinal important floral diversity, due to altitude variation (900 to 2800 meters) favourable environmental conditions. The present study records 32 plant species of 30 genus 27 families belonging to different taxonomic groups i.e. angiosperms pteridophytes. Among these families, 26 belong to angiosperms 1 to pteridophytes. In these families, Liliaceae represented with maximum number of species i.e. 3; followed by Apocynaceae, Liliaceae Solanaceae with 2 species each remaining 23 families were with single species only. Out of 26 families of angiosperms 21 (24 genus 24 species) were Dicotyledons 5 (5 genus 7 species) were Monocotyledons. All plant species were provided with scientific name (Family), Ayurveda Name, Unani Name, Siddha Name, Month of collection, Part used Uses. All collected plant species were compared with the existing literature for their medicinal values Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved Keywords: - Medicinal flora, Traditional medicine, Family, Species, Herb. 1. Introduction The Indian is a vast repository of medicinal plants that are used in traditional systems of medicine due to variable environmental conditions topography. Major pharmaceutical industries depend on the floral diversity for the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines. Ayurvedic system of medicine is widely accepted practiced not only in the Indian but also in the developed countries (Samy, et. al., 2008). Himachal Pradesh is one of the hilly states of India, situated in the Western Himalaya region, with altitude ranging from 350 to 7000 meters having a variety of medicinal plants in wild states (Sharma Lal, 2005). It is located between 30 22' N to 33 12' N 75 45' E to 79 04' E, extends over an area of about 55,673 Sq. Km. It has three distinct regions i.e The Shivaliks, Middle Himalaya The Himadris (Anonymous, 2009). Maximum population of rural areas depends on forest for their livelihood health care. Any change in climate conditions directly harms the people who directly depend on the floristic diversity for their livelihoods. The present study was undertaken to collect making permanent record of medicinally important floristic diversity of tehsil Joginder Nagar, District Mi of Himachal Pradesh. It is situated between 31 50' N 76 45' E bears the richest flora due to altitude variation (900 to 2800 meters) topological conditions. It is only the town in Asia having three hydro electric power stations simultaneously i.e. Shanan Power House, Bassi Power House Uhl Stage-III. Biodiversity of any area provides both direct (food, fats, oils, timber, gum medicines etc.) as well as indirect benefits (aesthetic values, cultural benefits ecosystem services. Many researchers have explored the medicinal ethnobotanical useful plants of Himachal Pradesh including the floral medicinally important diversity of Joginder Nagar (Kumar, 2014; Sood et.al., 2009), but many biodiversity rich areas are still unexplored. So there is need to conserve useful phytodiversity in good health for coming generations. Till date no study has been taken to document the floral diversity medicinal important plants of tehsil Joginder Nagar, hence the study was carried out. 35

2 Table. S1. List of Useful Medicinal Plants:- Botanical Name Ayurvedic S.No. (Family) Name Allium cepa (Alliaceae; Liliaceae) Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Liliaceae) Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees (Acanthaceae) Asparagus adscendens Roxb. (Liliaceae) Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Liliaceae) Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) Carica papaya (Caricaceae) Centella asiatica () Urban (Apiaceae; Hydrocotylaceae) Cissampelos pareira (Menispermaceae) Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm. (Lamiaceae) Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Schult. (Asclepiadaceae) Palu, Durgh. Ghrita-kumari, Kumaari. Siddha Name Venkaayam Sotru Kattraazhai, Kumaari. Unani Name Piyaaz Gheekwaar, Sibr. Kirata, Kalmegh, Bhunimba. Nilavembu Kiryaat Musli, Mushali, Mahaashataavari Satamuli, Shatavari. Kooshma, Kushma. Chirbita, Parisha, Erkarkati. Mukaparni, Saraswati, Brahmamuuki. Patha, Ambashthaa. Thanneervittan Kizhaangu, Sataavari Kizhangu. Ven-poosani, Saambalpushani. Pappaali, Pappayi. Vallaarai Shaqaaqule-Hindi. Satavar Pethaa, Mahdabaa, Kaddu-e- Roomi. Papitaa Desi. Kula Kudi. Month of collection April January June October October September Paadakkizhangu, Appatta. Paathaa June January Krishna saarivaa, Saarivaa. Maattan-kodi, Paal-kodi, Kattupala Part used Bulb, stem. pulp, roots. Tuberous Leaves seed oil.. plant. Root, bark. Leaves wood. plant Uses Vomiting, anti-dysenteric, stimulant, piles, diuretic, febrifuge urinary discharges (Agharkar, 1953; Pakrashi, 2001; Khare, 2007). Used in liver spleen ailments, jaundice, piles, emmenagogue, anti- Pyretic, arthritis used in eye diseases (Agharkar, 1953; Pakrashi, 2001; Dey, 1980; Khare, 2007). Tonic, febrifuge, liver troubles, jaundice, anthelmintic, antidysenteric stomachic 1986; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1997; Khare, 2007). Cardiotonic, spermatopoietic, aphrodisiac, sedative galactagogue (Gogte, 2009; Khare, 2007; Prajapati et.al., 2003). Tonic, spermatopoietic, aphrodisiac, galactagogue, blood eye diseases 1986; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 2001; Khare, 2007; Prajapati et.al., 2003). Laxative, internal haemorrhages, fever, piles, brain tonic heart tonic, urinary discharges calculi 1986; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1997; Khare, 2007; Prajapati et.al., 2003; Sharma, 1978). Laxative, digestive, beneficial in liver enlargement emmenagogue (Agharkar, 1953; Ambasta, 1986; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1997; Khare, 1992; Sharma, 1978; Sood, et.al., 2009). Promotes memory, diuretic, tonic, sedative, antibacterial, blood diseases improve appetite (Ahuja, 1965; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1995; Khare, 1992). Galactagogue, scabies, dysuria, help parturition, useful in piles uterine complaints, cure enlarged spleen ulcers (Agharkar, 1953; Anonymous, 2001; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1991; Khare, 1992). Asthma, epilepsy, eye complaints wounds (Ambasta, 1986; Kirtikar Basu, 1935; Sood, et.al., 2009). Blood purifier, used in rickets paralysis (Ambasta, 1986; Anonymous, 2001; Khare, 1992). 36

3 Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Papaveraceae; Fumariaceae) Hedera helix auct (non L.) Clarke (Araliaceae) Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. (Convolvulaceae) Lagerstroemia indica (Lythraceae) Mimosa pudica (Mimosaceae) Nephrolepis cordifolia Presl (Nephrolepidaceae; Polypodiaceae) Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) Varahika, Varahi. Parpata, Parpataka, Sukshmapatra. Kodi-kilangu, Pannu-kilangu. Baraahikan d Thura Shaahtaraa February December Nakhari, Sheetavalli Lajjalu, Laajaavanti, Raktapaadi October Pavalak-kurinji, Sinappu Thottalsurungi Chhuimui, Sharmili, Laajwanti Varvara, Barbari, Baabui Tulasi. Tiruneetruppachhi lai Raihan June Tuber plant. Young branches, stem, bark. seeds. Flowers,, bark root, Seeds. Fronds seeds, & Rejuvenating, tonic, syphilis, goiter,anthelmintic, improves appetite, sprain injuries (Anonymous, 2001; Khare, 1992; Prajapati et.al., 2003; Sharma, 1978). Used in blood diseases, jaundice, loss of appetite, diuretic, laxative, febrifuge useful in skin, liver kidney diseases (Ambasta, 1986; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1991; Khare, 2007; Sharma, 1978). horetic, purgative, stimulant mumps (Ambasta, 1986; Kirtikar Basu, 1935; Sood et. al., 2009). Rheumatism, epilepsy, leprosy, ulcers corns (Ambasta, 1986; Sood et. al., 2009). Stimulant, febrifuge, purgative, astringent, for apathae of mouth hydrogogue (Ambasta, 1986; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1994; Khare, 2007; Sood et. al., 2009). Useful in piles, jaundice, small pox, cuts & wounds, fever, leucoderma, blood diseases, vaginal uterine complaints 1986; Anonymous, 2001; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1992; Khare, 2007). Useful in cough stertility in women (Karnataka) [Ambasta, 1986; Anonymous, 2003]. Insecticidal, anti-pyretic, expectorant, ringworm, improve taste, emmenagogue, useful in diseases of heart blood (Agharkar, 1953; Pakrashi, 1997; Khare, 2007; Prajapati et. al., 2003; Sharma, 1978 ). 20 Pelargonium graveolens L' Herit (Geraniaceae) April plant. Flavouring agent, antidepressant, anti-septic, eczema psoriasis (Ambasta, 1986; Chauhan Pillai, 2007) Piper longum (Piperaceae) Pongamia pinnata Pierre (Papilionaceae; Fabaceae) Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) Pippali, Maaagadhi. Karanja Mansola, Parevata, Amaruuda. Thippili, Arisi thippili, Thippiliver. Pungam. Filfil Daraaz, Daarfilfil. December --- June Koyya ---- Fruits Root, stembark,, seed oil., root bark. 37 Anti-asthmatic, expectorant, carminative, piles, emmenagogue, abortifacient, bronchitis epilepsy (Ambasta, 1986; Anonymous, 2001; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1997; Khare, 2007; Prajapati et. al., 2003). Skin diseases, ulcers, gonorrhoea, chronic fevers, piles, beri-beri, cure eye earache (Agharkar, 1953; Anonymous, 2001; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1992; Khare, 2007; Prajapati et. al., 2003). Cardiotonic, as appetizer, laxative, spermatopoietic, useful in diarrhea, bronchitis, good in colic for bleeding

4 Quisqualis indica L. (Combretaceae) Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz. (Apocynaceae) Saurauia napaulensis DC. (Saurauiaceae) Solanum khasianum C. B. Clarke (Solanaceae) Solanum surattense Burm. f. (Solanaceae) Madhumalati, Rangoon-ki-Bel. Irangunmalli June Sarpagha Asrol January January Kantkari Kantakari, Kantakaree. Kankatthiri. Kataai Khurd, Hadaq. May Seeds. Root. Leaves fruits. plant fruits. fruits, seeds,, root stem. gums.(agharkar, 1953; Pakrashi, 1995; Khare, 2007; Prajapati et. al., 2003; Sood, et. al., 2009). Anthelmintic, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, skin diseases ringworm (Agharkar, 1953; Ambasta, 1986; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1994; Khare, 2007; Prajapati et. al., 2003). Anti-hypertensive, nervine tonic, sedative, stimulant used in case of difficult delivery (Ahuja, 1965; Pakrashi, 1995; Prajapati et. al., 2003; Sharma, 1978). Stomach pain purgative (Ambasta, 1986; Sood, et. al., 2009). Expectorant, febrifuge small pox.(ambasta, 1986; Anonymous, 2008; Prajapati et. al., 2003). Asthma, useful in bronchitis, rheumatism, aphrodisiac promote conception (Agharkar, 1953; Ambasta, 1986; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1995; Khare, 2007; Prajapati et. al., 2003) Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae) Thevetia neriifolia Juss. ex Steud. (Apocynaceae) Vitex negundo (Verbenaceae) Gendaa, Sthulapushpa, Jhu. Ashvantaka, Pitapuspah, Peetkarvir. Nirgundi, Sindhuka. Thuruksaamanthi Pachiyalari Nochi, Nalla Nochi, Nirkundi. Sadbarg, Gulhazaaraa, Gul-jaafari. November Sambhaalu, Fanjankisht. June seeds,, bark root, bark,, fruits. Emmenagogue, laxative, bleeding piles, epileptic fits, blood purifier, useful in muscular pain renal trouble (Agharkar, 1953; Pakrashi, 1997; Khare, 2007; Pey, 1992; Sharma, 1978). Emetic, abortifacient, dropsy, cardiotonic, skin diseases, useful in urethral discharges 1986; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1995; Khare, 2007; Prajapati et. al., 2003; Sharma, 1978). Anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, liver disorders, cholera, improve appetite vermifuge (Anonymous, 2001; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1995; Khare, 2007; Prajapati et. al., 2003 ). 32 Yucca filamentosa (Agavaceae) Leaves, rhizome & Hepatic troubles, inflammation despondency.(ambasta, 1986). 2. Materials Methods The field surveys were conducted in April 2012 to March 2013 in different areas of Tehsil Joginder Nagar. The plant specimens collected during field visits were pressed dried using blotting papers for about two to four weeks at room temperature. The collected plant specimens were dipped in the solution of 2% mercuric chloride for minutes in order to provide protection against insects fungal attack. After poisoning, the plants were mounted on the herbarium sheets. The collected specimens were identified with the help of the various flora books, research articles (Ambasta, et.al., 1986; Chatterjee Pakrashi, 1991; Kumar, 2014; Polunin Stainton, 1984; Prajapati et. al., 2003; Sood et. al, 2009) carefully matched with the authentic specimens kept at herbarium of Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun. 38

5 All the plant specimens were arranged alphabetically compared with the existing literature for their medicinal values. All medicinally important plants are enumerated along with their scientific name (Family), Ayurveda Name, Unani Name, Siddha Name, Month of collection, Part used Uses. 3. Results The present study records 32 plant species of 30 genus 27 families belonging to different taxonomic groups i.e. angiosperms pteridophytes. Among these families, 26 belong to angiosperms 1 to pteridophytes. In these families, Liliaceae represented with maximum number of species i.e. 3; followed by Apocynaceae, Liliaceae Solanaceae with 2 species each remaining 23 families were with single species only. Out of 26 families of angiosperms 21 (24 genus 24 species) were Dicotyledons 5 (5 genus 7 species) were Monocotyledons. All plant species were provided with scientific (Family), Ayurveda Name, Unani Name, Siddha Name, Month of collection, Part used Uses. All the collected species have medicinal value (Table S1). It is analysed from the survey record that maximum plant species were collected in the month of June i.e 6 (19%) & 11 (35%) no species were recorded in the month of March, August September. Survey record reveals that maximum floral diversity found in the month of June. 4. Discussion Plants have been used since long to heal cure diseases. India is a mega biodiversity country, 20% of its geographical area under forests it has one of the richest herbal medicine traditions in the world (Kumar, 2014). It plays an important role in meeting the dem of the traditional medicine. About 80 percent of the population in developing countries depends on plant based medicine for their health care. In India, there are more than 7800 drugs manufacturing units including manufacturing units of Himachal Pradesh, which consume about 2000 tonnes of herbs annually (Verma & Singh, 2008). Plants provide the ingredients of medicines in most indigenous systems of medicine. Due to population explosion, dem of herbal medicines has increased in developing as well as in developed countries. Consequently, many plant species have become rare threatened in the natural home (Kumar, 2014). Keeping in view of importance increasing dem of medicinal plant diversity, the study has been carried out in order to explore, document conserve the natural medicinal important diversity of these areas. 5. Conclusion During the course of study, 33 plant species belonging to 25 families belong to angiosperms pteridophytes were recorded. Out of these 24 families of angiosperms 22(29 species) were Dicotyledons 2 (2 species) Monocotyledons. All plant species collected during the study period were used to cure the various diseases. People of rural areas totally depend on biodiversity for basic needs i. e. food, fodder, timber, medicine, gums, resin etc. The selected study area shows great medicinal important floral diversity. So, there is need to explore collect the information of medicinal important floristic diversity of unexplored areas to conserve natural resources for coming generations. Acknowledgement The author is thankful to the Director other scientific staff of Botanical Survey of India, Dehra Dun for their help in identification of plant species. I would like to thank Mr. Munish Sharma, Dr. S. N. Bundela, Mr. Dinesh Thakur, Mr. Vikas Rathore Mrs. Bu Sharma for their help moral support to complete this work. References 1. Agharkar, S P, Medicinal Plants of Bombay Presidency. Reprint (1991) Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India. 2. Ahuja B. S, Medicinal Plants of Saharanpur. Reprint Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Cannaught, Place Dehra Dun 1965, India. 3. Ambasta, S P (ed.), The Useful Plants of India. Delhi Anonymous, Database on Medicinal Plants Used in Ayurveda Siddha. Vol.-2. Central Council for Research in Ayurveda Siddha, Govt. of India, New Delhi Anonymous, Database on Medicinal Plants Used in Ayurveda Siddha. Vol.-3. Reprint Central Council for Research in Ayurveda Siddha, Govt. of India, New Delhi Anonymous, The Wealth of India, First Supplement Series. Vol. 4-J-Q. Reprint Publication Information Directorate C.S.I.R., New Delhi Anonymous, The Wealth of India, First Supplement Series. Vol. 5-R-Z. Reprint Publication Information Directorate C.S.I.R., New Delhi Anonymous, India State of Forest Report. Ministry of Environment Forests 2009, Govt. of India. 9. Chatterjee, A Pakrashi, SC, The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol.-1. Revised (2005) Chatterjee, A Pakrashi, S,. The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol.-2. Revised (2006) Chatterjee, A Pakrashi, SC, The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol.-3. Reprint (2010) Chatterjee, A Pakrashi, SC, The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol.-4. Reprint (2010) Chatterjee, A Pakrashi, SC, The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol.-5. Reprint (2003) Chatterjee, A Pakrashi, SC,. The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol.-6. Reprint (2009)

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