Vol-3, Issue-4, Suppl-3, Dec 2012 ISSN: Panicker et al PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR

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1 PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES EFFECTS OF COW URINE ARK AND ALOE VERA EXTRACT ON SERO- BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKEN Anjana Panicker 1 *, Mahesh Trivedi 2, R. K. Sharma 3, Nitesh Kumar 4 and Anuradha Patel 5 1 Teaching Associate, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and A. H., Rewa 2 JRF, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and A. H., Jabalpur 3 Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and A. H., Jabalpur 4 Associate Professor and I/C Head, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and A. H., Rewa 5 MVSc & A.H. Student, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and A. H., Jabalpur ABSTRACT Urine of cow is elaborately described in ancient Ayurvedic scriptures as insecticide or as a regulator for various disorders like gas, acidity, and cough. Aloe Vera is the gift of nature, it is a miracle been used medicinally for centuries. The object of this study was to investigate the effect of cow urine and Aloe Vera on sero-biochemical parameters in chicken. The birds were randomly divided into four groups, each group containing ten birds. Cow urine ark and Aloe Vera were given (orally) daily for 90 days. It was observed that there were significant (p<0.05) differences in the sero-biochemical parameters among the different groups. Values of liver marker enzymes like AST, ALT and GGT were found to be lower than control whereas albumin and protein values were higher than the control. Keywords: Cow urine, Aloe Vera, sero-biochemical, white leghorn, AST, ALT INTRODUCTION The revered Indian cow, Bos indicus known as Kamadhenu in Indian scripts, is believed to be a mobile hospital for treatment of many diseases. A number of diseases can be cured by use of medicines derived from the cow. Urine of cow is elaborately described in ancient Ayurvedic scriptures such as Charaka samhita, Shushruta samhita, and Brahad-Wagbhatt as bitter, pungent, spicy and warm. Cow urine, used as an insecticide or as a regulator for various disorders like gas, acidity, and cough, promotes the power of wisdom in human beings, acts like a universal medicine and is easily digested by all [1]. Diseases in human beings and animals are due to shortage or accumulation of certain elements in the body. Cow urine contains all such elements. Hence, according to Ayurveda, it is considered a natural and universal medicine to fulfill IC Value

2 the shortage of such element or to equalize and reduce the increased element level in the body by restoring the excretion mechanisms of the body. Aloe Vera is the gift of nature, it is a miracle been used medicinally for centuries. The medicinal properties of various parts (Leaf, Aloe gel) are rich in minerals (magnesium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, etc), enzymes, amino acids, vitamins as antioxidants [2]. Aloe Vera plays an important role in many medical properties as a traditional medicine in treatment of many physiological diseases and conditions such as insomnia, burns, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, wound healing [3]. Hence, this research work was designed in White leghorn (WLH) chicken by oral administration of cow urine distillate, Aloe Vera and their combinations to study the serum biochemical parameters in chicken. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty, day old chicks were assigned to different treatment using factorial design. The birds were procured from Phoenix Poultry Farm, Jabalpur. These chicks were aligned in four treatment groups A, B, C and D containing 10 birds each. They were kept separately and maintained under similar hygienic conditions, standard ration and water was given ad libitum. Preparation of cow urine ark The cow urine was collected from indigenous cows raised under standard feeding and managemental conditions from Dayodaya Dairy farm, Jabalpur. The ark was prepared by boiling cow urine in an iron pot to which a vapour condensing device was attached and filtered through syringe membrane filter for the study [4]. Preparation of Aloe Vera extract The alcoholic extract of Aloe Vera was prepared as per the method described [5]. Experiment protocol The birds were randomly divided into four groups, each group containing ten birds. Cow urine ark and Aloe Vera were given (orally) daily for 90 days. Blood samples IC Value

3 were drawn from jugular vein and collected into heparinized tubes. The blood samples were collected in 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 day of the study. T Treatment Dose (ml/bird/day) A Control 1ml N.S. B Cow urine ark 1ml C Aloe Vera 1ml D Cow urine + Aloe Vera 0.5ml + 0.5ml Statistical analysis The data collected on various parameters were subjected to statistical analysis using Factorial Design as per the methods [6]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The table 1-7 shows the effect of cow urine ark and Aloe Vera and their combination on the biochemical parameters. Functioning of liver and kidney were assessed by measuring the serum marker enzymes in the animals. The marker enzymes were AST, ALT, GGT, creatinine, urea, total protein and albumin. TABLE 1: MEAN VALUES OF AST (IU/L) IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKEN FED WITH COW URINE ARK, ALOE VERA AND THEIR COMBINATIONS I Aa ± Aa ± Ab ± Aa ± Aa ±2.24 II ABab ± Aa ± Ba ± Cb ± Db ±2.19 III Aab ± Bc ± BCbc ± BCcd ± Cbc ±2.21 IV Ac ± Ab ± Bbc ± Cd ± Cde ±2.21 TABLE 2: MEAN VALUES OF ALT (IU/L) IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS FED WITH COW URINE ARK, ALOE VERA AND THEIR COMBINATIONS I Aa ± Aa ± Aa ± Ba ± Ba ±0.24 II Aa ± Aa ± Bb ± Cb ± Cb ±0.26 III Aa ± Bbc ± Bbc ± Cbc ± Cbc ±0.24 IV Abc ± ABbc ± BCcd ± CDbc ± Dcd ± IC Value

4 TABLE 3: MEAN VALUES OF GGT (IU/L) IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS FED WITH COW URINE ARK, ALOE VERA AND THEIR COMBINATIONS I Aa ± ABa ± B Ca ± Ca ± Ca ±0.23 II ±0.24 Aa ±0.27 ABa 16.00B ± ±0.24 Ca Ca ±0.24 Ca III Ab ± Ab ± Bb ± BCb ± Cb ±0.27 IV Acd ± ABcd ± Bcd ± Ccd ± Cc ±0.27 TABLE 4: MEAN VALUES OF TOTAL PROTEIN (G/DL) IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS FED WITH COW URINE ARK, ALOE VERA AND THEIR COMBINATIONS I 3.50 De ± Cg ± Cf ± Bg ± Af ±0.06 II 3.83 ±0.06 Dd 4.15 ±0.04 Cf 4.34 ±0.04 Be 4.55 ±0.06 Af 4.66 ±0.06 Ae III 4.15 Ec ± De ± Cd ± Be ± Ad ±0.06 IV 4.34 Db ± Cc ± Bc ± Bc ± Ab ±0.04 TABLE 5: MEAN VALUES OF ALBUMIN (G/DL) IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS FED WITH COW URINE ARK, ALOE VERA AND THEIR COMBINATIONS I 1.78 Bc ± Bb ± Be ± Be ± Ae ±0.08 II 1.79 Bc ± Bb ± Bde ± Be ± Ade ±0.06 III 1.83 Dc ± CDb ± BCcd ± ABd ± Ade ±0.07 IV 1.99 Dc ± CDb ± Cbc ± Bc ± Ac ± IC Value

5 TABLE 6: MEAN VALUES OF CREATININE (MG/DL) IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS FED WITH COW URINE ARK, ALOE VERA AND THEIR COMBINATIONS I 3.49 Aa 3.52 ±0.07 ± Aa ± Ba ± Ba ±0.05 II 3.29 Ab ± Bb ± Cb ± Db ± Db ±0.04 III 3.09 Ac ± Bc ± Cc ± Dc ± Ec ±0.08 IV 2.15 Ae ± Be ± Ce ± De ± Ef ±0.05 TABLE 7: MEAN VALUES OF UREA (IU/L) IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS FED WITH COW URINE ARK, ALOE VERA AND THEIR COMBINATIONS I Aa ± Ba ± Ba ± Ba ± Ba ±0.13 II ± ±0.17 Ab ABa ±0.15 Bcb ±0.13 CDb ±0.13 Db III Ab ± Bb ± Cc ± Cc ± Cb ±0.17 IV Ad ± Ad ± Bf ± Bce ± Cd ±0.15 Highly significant decreases in the AST and ALT values in Cow urine ark treated groups were observed. This notable decrease in the values are in agreement with the Mishra et al. [7] who found that Cow urine ark decrease the AST and ALT values in rats treated with cow urine ark. Treatment with Aloe Vera significantly prevented the rise in the levels of serum marker enzymes viz., AST, ALT and the results obtained were comparable with those of control group. The results were in line with the findings of Patil [8] who reported the administration of Aloe Vera extract causes significant reduction in AST and ALT, value in APAP (N-Acetyl para aminophenol) treated. The observation of serum protein in the present investigation was found to be significantly higher in between groups and in between intervals. Significant increase in total proteins may be related to the higher rate IC Value

6 of protein synthesis due to anabolic effect of different treatments. Gupta et al., [9] and Singh [10] also reported the increase in the mean value of total protein and albumin in rats treated with whole cow urine. The kidneys have the ability to regulate the amount of body fluid, the concentrations of electrolytes like sodium and potassium and the acid-base balance of the body. They filter waste products of body metabolism, like urea from protein metabolism and uric acid from DNA breakdown. Creatinine is a substance found in the blood which results from the breakdown of muscular protein. If the level of creatinine is high in the blood, it means that the kidneys are not filtering out this substance, adequately. Prolonged periods of high creatinine levels can cause kidney failure. Thereby decrease in creatinine values indicate that kidney is functioning properly and no damage has been done. Significant decrease in creatinine values was observed in Cow urine ark treated group in the present study. The similar findings are also reported by the Randhawa, [11] who conducted the experiment in albino rats and found creatinine levels were significantly reduced when cow urine was administered over a period of time. In the present study, the reduction in creatinine values were also found in birds treated with Aloe Vera extract. Our findings are in agreement with Bolkent et al. [12] who reported the decrease in creatinine levels on administration of Aloe Vera in drug induced diabetic (Type II) albino rat. Blood urea nitrogen level did not reveal any significant alteration in various treatment groups apart from decreasing in BUN among treatment groups. CONCLUSION The ability of Cow urine ark and Aloe Vera to significantly decrease the concentration of serum enzymes (AST, ALT and GGT) in WLH chickens proves that Cow urine ark and Aloe Vera possess hepatoprotective property. Cow urine ark and Aloe Vera does not possess toxicity effect as indicated by the lowered AST, ALT and GGT levels and may be beneficial in the management of hepatotoxic drugs. IC Value

7 REFERENCES 1. Chauhan R S: Panchagavya therapy (Cowpathy). Current status and future directions. The Indian Cow 2004 ; 1: Rajasekeran S, Sivagnanam K, Subramanian: "Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats". Phar Rep. 2005; 57: Atherton P: "Aloe vera revisited: Review of Aloe gel". Brit J Phytother. 1984; 4: Khanuja, S. P., Kumar S. S, Arya A. K., Jai S. D. and Mahendra P: A pharmaceutical composition containing cow urine distillate and an antibiotic. CSIR, New Delhi (2002); (India, U.S., Patent No , June 25 th, 2002). 5. Pandey, G. P. and Shrivastava D. N: Studies on phytochemistry and acute toxicity of Livol and its some ingredients. Indian. J. Indg. Med., 1989; 6: Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran W. G.: Statistical Method. The Iowa State College Press, Inc. Amer, Iowa, USA. Eighth edition Mishra, S. K., Sharma R. K. and Gupta S.: Effect of Noni and Cow urine ark on serobiochemical parameters in albino rats. Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians, 2011; 6: Patil, B. : In vitro study of cytoprotection by aloe vera leaf gel against APAP (aap) mediated oxidative stress in rat liver slices. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, (2010); 1: Gupta, A., Saxena R., Shrivastava V.and Shrivastava A. K.. Effect of cow urine on immune status of experimental rats. J. Immunol. Immunopathol., 2004: 6(1): Singh, K.. Antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities of cow urine. M.V.Sc. Thesis submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.); Randhawa, G. K.. Cow urine distillate as bioenhancer. J Ayurveda Integr Med., 2010; 1 : IC Value

8 12. Bolkent, S., Akev N., Ozsoy N., Sengezer-Inceli M, Can A, Alper O. and Yanardag R.: Effect of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. Fil. leaf gel and pulp extracts on kidney in type-ii diabetic rat models. Indian J Exp Biol., 2004; 42(1): For Correspondence: Anjana Panicker anu347@gmail.com IC Value