REFERENCE INTERVALS. Units Canine Feline Bovine Equine Porcine Ovine

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1 REFERENCE INTERVALS Biochemistry Units Canine Feline Bovine Equine Porcine Ovine Sodium mmol/l Potassium mmol/l Chloride mmol/l Calcium mmol/l Phosphorus mmol/l Magnesium mmol/l Urea mmol/l Creatinine μmol/l Glucose mmol/l Cholesterol mmol/l Total Bilirubin μmol/l Direct Bilirubin μmol/l ALP IU/L CK IU/L AST IU/L ALT IU/L GGT IU/L Total g/l Protein Albumin g/l Globulin g/l A/G Ratio Amylase IU/L Lipase IU/L SDH IU/L Blood Gases: ph pco 2 venous mmhg po 2 arterial mmhg HCO 3 mmol/l 24±4 24±4 24±4 24±4 24±4 24±4 Base Excess - 0±3 0±3 0±3 0±3 0±3 0±3

2 Biochemistry and Coagulation Units Canine Feline Bovine Equine Porcine Ovine Protein Electrophoresis (agarose gel) Albumin g/l Alpha 1 g/l Alpha 2 g/l Beta g/l Gamma g/l Iron μmol/l TIBC μmol/l All species Bile Acids (pre) (post) μmol/l μmol/l Osmolarity mosm/kg Fibrinogen g/l - - < 6.0 < PT Range seconds N/A N/A N/A N/A PTT Range seconds N/A N/A N/A N/A

3 Hematology Units Canine Feline Bovine Equine Porcine Ovine HgB G/L Hct L/L RBC X /L MCV FL MCH Pg MCHC G/L Reticulocytes % 0-1 % 0-1.2% 0-0.5% 0% 0-1% 0% X 10 9 /L WBC X 10 9 /L Segmented X 10 9 /L Neutrophils Bands X 10 9 /L Rare Neutrophils Eosinophils X 10 9 /L Basophils X 10 9 /L Lymphocytes X 10 9 /L Monocytes X 10 9 /L Platelets X 10 9 /L

4 Endocrine Test Units Canine Feline Bovine Equine Cortisol Baseline Post-ACTH nmol/l nmol/l (2hrs post) hr hr x Baseline at 8hrs Post Dexa nmol/l <35 (8hrs Post Dex at 0.01mg/kg IV) <35 (8hrs Post Dex at 0.1mg/kg IV) <30 (19 hrs Post Dex at 0.04 mg/kg IM) Estrone Sulfate Pregnant Non-Pregnant/ True Gelding Stallion/ Cryptorchid > 20 (> 90 days) < 5 (> 90 days) > 10 Progesterone Diestrus (luteal) LH Peak Estrus (follicular) Pregnant < > < > < 1.0 > < T3 (triiodothyronine) Baseline nmol/l T4 (thyroxine) Baseline nmol/l Testosterone male TSH < 0.50 Urine Cortisol/ Creatinine Ratio <0.4 bitch or neutered male x x Stallion, breeding season < 1.0 Stallion, non- Breeding Season < 0.3 Mares, Geldings

5 Toxicology Animal Mineral Levels BOVINE ARSENIC Liver Kidney Heparinized Blood Normal High Toxic - acute chronic CADMIUM Liver Kidney Normal High Toxic - chronic - acute > > 200 COPPER (No Selenium Supplement) Serum (Selenium Supplement) Deficient Marginal Adequate High Toxic Liver - Fetal Deficient Marginal Adequate High 200

6 BOVINE LEAD Liver Kidney Heparinized Hair * Bone * Blood Normal High Toxic * ppm dry weight SELENIUM or Plasma (No Supplement) (Se Supplement) Deficient Marginal Adequate High Toxic - chronic - acute ZINC Deficient < Marginal Adequate High Toxic

7 CANINE ARSENIC Liver Kidney Normal < 0.2 < 0.2 Toxic > 10.0 > 10.2 CADMIUM Liver Kidney Normal High Toxic > 200 COPPER Deficient < 20 < 5.0 < 0.20 Normal Toxic > 20 LEAD Liver Kidney Heparinized Hair * Blood Normal High Toxic > 88 * ppm dry weight ZINC Deficient < 15 < Adequate Toxic

8 ARSENIC Liver Kidney Normal < 0.4 < 0.4 High Toxic > 10.0 EQUINE CADMIUM Liver Kidney Normal High Toxic > COPPER Deficient < 3.5 < Adequate High LEAD Liver Kidney Heparinized Brain Bone* Blood Normal High Toxic - chronic acute * ppm dry weight

9 EQUINE SELENIUM Deficient Marginal Adequate High Toxic - chronic acute > 2.5 > 2.0 ZINC Deficient < 0.50 Adequate High Toxic

10 PORCINE ARSENIC Liver Kidney Heparinized Blood Normal CADMIUM Liver Kidney Normal High Toxic > 13 > 270 COPPER Deficient Marginal Adequate High Toxic SELENIUM Deficient Marginal Adequate High Toxic ZINC Deficient Marginal Adequate High > 200 Toxic

11 OVINE ARSENIC Liver Kidney Heparinized Blood Normal High Toxic CADMIUM Liver Kidney Normal High Toxic COPPER Deficient Marginal Adequate High Toxic LEAD Liver Kidney Heparinized Blood Brain Bone (Tibia)* Normal High Toxic > 70 * ppm dry weight

12 OVINE SELENIUM Deficient Marginal Adequate High Toxic > 3.0 Toxic injected (IM) ZINC Deficient Marginal Adequate High Toxic > NOTE: a. Tissue mineral levels are quoted from Mineral Levels in Animal Health, Diagnostic Data by Robert Puls, 3 rd printing, b. Conversion of units between wet and dry weight: Units in dry weight: % dry matter = units in wet weight 100 Units in wet weight: 100 = units in dry weight % dry matter