SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF ATRESIA ANI IN A CALF: A CASE REPORT

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2 Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med Mahesh R et al., 2014 Case Report ISSN Vol. 2, No. 2, May All Rights Reserved SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF ATRESIA ANI IN A CALF: A CASE REPORT Mahesh R 1*, Kamalakar G 1 and Devi Prasad V 1 *Corresponding Author: Mahesh R, mahivet04@gmail.com Atresia ani, a congenital abnormality of digestive system in a calf is being reported along with its surgical management. Early treatment and surgical intervention resulted in complete recovery of the animal. Keywords: Atresia ani, Congenital abnormality, Rectum, Tenesmus INTRODUCTION The congenital abnormalities of anus and rectum are common in farm animals (Nixon, 1972). Various surgical techniques have been used to correct atresia ani in domestic animals (Singh, 1989). Atresia ani is a congenital abnormality characterized by persistence of the anal membrane resulting in covering the normal anal canal or is the failure of the anal rectal membrane to break down (Merei et.al, 2001). This report communicates a case report of atresia ani in a male calf, which was successfully treated by surgical intervention. CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL OBSERVATION A day old male, non-descript calf was presented to the clinic with a history of not passing faeces since birth and owner made futile attempts to create anal opening. On clinical observation a bulging of the area below the base of the tail was observed on compressing the abdomen (Figure 1). Dullness, mild abdominal distension and attempts of defecation were the other clinical signs observed. By the above signs the case was diagnosed as atresia ani and was decided for surgical intervention. TREATMENT AND DISCUSSION The perineal region below the base of the tail was prepared for aseptic surgery. The calf was controlled in sternal recumbency and local infiltration was achieved with 2% lignocaine hydrochloride. A cruciate incision was made over the bulging of the anus and ends of the incision were united to dissect out a circular piece of skin. The rectum was exposed after separation of the perineal muscles and the blind end of the rectum was 1 Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science, SVVU, Proddatur, YSR Kadapa Dist., AP, India. 51

3 Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med Mahesh R et al., 2014 Figure 1: Note the Swelling Below the Base of the Tail on Abdominal Decompression Figure 2: Note the Retension Sutures Applied Between Perineal Skin and Rectal Mucosa brought to the level of anal sphincter and fixed to the perineum after duly snipping the tip of the blind end of the rectum. The circumference of the rectal opening was sutured by application of interrupted sutures using braided black silk No. 1 between rectal mucosa and skin to make a permanent anal orifice (Figure 2). Post-operatively, 500 mg for 5 days and 2 ml for 3 days were administered intramuscularly followed by routine dressing with povidone iodine ointment and application of topicure spray as a fly repellant. The calf showed normalcy in defecation with minimum tenesmus and active in nature on the 3 rd post operative day and the sutures were removed on 10th post operative day. Most of the congenital anomalies of digestive system were observed as atresia ani and atresia ani et rectum in calves. It was also found with other congenital defects reported by various authors like anus vaginalis (Modi et al., 2011), atresia ani with scrotal anomaly (Kumar et al., 2009) and recto-vaginal fistula with atresia ani (Bademkiran et al., 2009). But in this present study atresia ani was observed alone. If the rectum ends blindly as a cul-de sac a short distance cranial to the anal membrane, the condition is called rectal atresia (Noden and Lahunta, 1985). REFERENCES 1. Bademkiran S, Icen H and Kurt D (2009), Congenital Rectovaginal Fistula with Atresia ani in a Heifer: A Case Report, YYU Vet. Fal. Derg, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp Kumar H, Sharma A K and Dass L L (2009), Atresia ani with Scrotal Anomaly in a Goat, Veterinary World, Vol. 2, No. 2, p

4 Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med Mahesh R et al., Merei J, Batiha A and Hani I B (2001), Renal Anomlies in the VATER Animals, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp Modi L C, Patel P A, Patel S P, Patel G G, Joshi A H and Suthar D N (2011), Prevalence of Reproductive Problems in Buffalo in Mehasana Milk-Shed Area of Gujarat, IJAVMS, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp Nixon M M (1979), Anorectal Anomalies with an International Proposed Classification, Post. Grad. Med., Vol.10, pp Noden D M and Lahunta A (1985), The Embryology of Domestic Animals, Developmental Mechanisms and Malformations, pp , Williams and Wilkins, London. 7. Singh A P (1989), Congenital Malformation in Ruminants: A Review of 123 Cases, Indian Veterinary Journal, Vol. 66, pp

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