ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ASCITES IN DOG

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2 Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med Manoj K and Dhana Lakshmi N, 2015 Research Paper ISSN Vol. 3, No. 4, November All Rights Reserved ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ASCITES IN DOG Manoj K 1* and Dhana Lakshmi N 1 *Corresponding Author: Manoj K, manojvety12@gmail.com A five year old Pomeranian cross was referred to the College Hospital, with the history of decreased appetite, weakness, dyspnoea and distended ventral abdomen. Based on the clinical examination, ultrasonographic findings, serum biochemistry and haematoogical parameters, the case was diagnosed as ascites of hepatic origin. The animal was successfully treated with diuretics, antibiotics and essential amino acids. Keywords: Dog, Ascites, Ultrasonography INTRODUCTION Ascites means accumulation of serous fluid including bile, chyle, urine and blood as well as transudate and exudates in the peritoneal cavity (Ettinger and Feldman, 1995). It may develop as a result of severe protein deficiency, cardiac, renal and hepatic insufficiency, abdominal neoplasia, malnutrition, ankylostomiasis, protein loosing eneteropathy, out of which ascites of hepatic origin is more common in dogs (Chakrabarti, 2006; and Pradhan et al., 2008). Even though ascites is a non-infectious disease, the disease process in any vital organs like liver, heart, kidney causing ascites becomes a serious and major health problem in canine population. Ascites is always a sign of disease; therefore investigation should be aimed at identifying the primary underlying problem. CASE HISTORY AND DIAGNOSIS A five year old Pomeranian cross was presented with history of decreased appetite, weakness, dyspnoea, distended ventral abdomen and emaciation since 15 days Figure 1.The dog used to lie down most of the time. Clinical examination revealed temperature F, pulse rate-90/min, respiration rate-22/minute, exaggerated lung sounds and pale mucous membrane. Ascites was evident with presence of fluid thrills on abdominal percussion during the physical examination of the patient. Upon ultrasongraphic 1 Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, C.V.Sc, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

3 Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med Manoj K and Dhana Lakshmi N, 2015 examination, free fluid in the peritoneum appeared as an anechoic area confirming it as ascites Figure 2. Hematology revealed Hb-9.2 gm%, total erythrocyte count /µl, total leucocyte count-12,100/µl, neutrophil-79%, lymphocyte- 14%, monocyte-2%, eosinophil-3%, basophil-0%. Biochemical estimation revealed ALT-70 IU/L, AST -62 IU/L, BUN-27 mg/dl, and creatinine-0.6 mg/ dl. The abdominocentesis could not be performed in present case owing to the unwillingness of the owner. Figure 1: Dog Suffering from mg kg/body weight twice daily for 5 days intramuscularly, Inj. Lasix 400 mg I/M for 5 consecutive days, Inj. Tribivet (vit. B1, B6 and ml daily for 7 days intramuscularly and adviced Tab. Aldactone 100 mg (spironolactone) for 15 days, and Liv-52 syrup@2 tsf thrice daily and. The owner was advised to provide egg albumen and cautioned to restrict salt in diet with complete rest to the dog. There was gradual improvement in the appetite and dog became normal after 7 days, with restoration of hematological and biochemical parameters to normal levels. After 21 days there was complete recovery with disappearance of ascites manifestations. DISCUSSION Figure 2: Anechoic Area Suggestive of Fluid and Irregular Hepatic Margins TREATMENT The dog was treated with Cefriaxone Sodium Ascites is a secondary sign of disease rather than being a primary cause. The correct approach to patient with ascitic fluid is to determine the nature of primary problem (Ettinger and Feldman, 1995). The clinical signs recorded in this study were similar with the observations of Thushara et al. (2006). The haemato-biochemical parameters of ascitic fluid were nearly similar to the observation of Sunil Kumar et al. (2003). The increased level of AST and ALT as observed in the present study may be attributed to leakage of enzymes from hepatobilliary cells to blood due to damage to the hepatic cells (Cornelius, 1975). Rapid breathing may be due to cranial displacement of the diaphragm by masses or fluid, causing restricted ventilation and low Hb level leads to tissue anoxia results into depression (Kruth, 2000). Renal origin of ascites was ruled out as there were normal serum urea and creatinine level with normal renal function. The success following treatment with diuretics and protein supplementation suggested ascites in the dog was of hepatic origin. Even though ascites does not create much problem, 14

4 Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med Manoj K and Dhana Lakshmi N, 2015 any delay in treatment and management may lead to various complications and ultimately may lead to death. CONCLUSION The treatment with combination of diurectics along with protein supplementation was more affective for treating ascites of hepatic origin in dogs. REFERENCES 1. Ettinger S J and Feldman E C (Eds.) (1995), Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2 nd Edition, p. 68, W B Saunders Co., Philadelphia. 2. Chakrabarti A (Ed.) (2006), Diseases of the Digestive System, in Text Book of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, 3 rd Edition, pp , Kalyani Publishers, Kolkata. 3. Cornelius L M, Halliwell W H, Frank G M, Kern A J and Woods C B (1975), Anamalous Portosystemic Anastomosis Associated with Chronic Hepatic Insufficiency in 6 Young Dogs, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., Vol. 167, pp Kruth S A (2000), Abdominal Distension, Ascites and Peritonitis, in Ettinger S J and Feldman E C (Eds.), Text Book of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 5 th Edition, pp Pradhan M S, Dakshinkar N P, Waghaye U G and Bodkhe A M (2008), Successful Treatment of Ascites of Hepatic Origin in Dog, Vet. World, Vol. 30, p Sunil K, Anil A, Bihani D K and Gahlot A K (2003), Studies on Canine Ascites, Journal of Canine Development and Research, pp Thushara M R, Smitha J P, Renjith R, Ajith Kumar S, Vijaya Kumar K and Baby P G (2006), Hepatic Cirrhosis Associated Ascites in a Dog, Ind. Vet. J., Vol. 83, pp

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