Influence of a temporary embryonic testis graft on the regression of Miillerian ducts in female chick embryo
|
|
- Maximillian Wheeler
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 J. Embryol exp. Morph. Vol. 67, pp , 1982 g \ Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologists Limited 1982 Influence of a temporary embryonic testis graft on the regression of Miillerian ducts in female chick embryo By R. MARAUD 1, M. RASHEDP AND R. STOLL 1 From the Laboratoire d'histologie et d'embryologie, Universite Bordeaux II, France SUMMARY Whole testes of 13-day-old chick embryos grafted according to an original method into the extraembryonic coelom of 3-day-old recipients were next removed up to day 6. The temporary presence of a testis allowed the Miillerian ducts to retrogress, from day 8, in a high percentage of female hosts. It can be concluded that the graft secreted into the blood of the embryo enough 'antimullerian hormone' to provoke regression of ducts at least 2 days after its removal and that the reaction of ducts depends on the appearance of their sensitivity to this hormone. INTRODUCTION The grafting of an embryonic testis in female chick embryos provokes the regression of Miillerian ducts (M.D.) (Wolff, 1947) but graft activity, as measured by percentage of regression obtained in implanted embryos, varies according to the donor strain and age (Maraud, Stoll & Coulaud, 1966, 1970), the maximum effect being obtained with graft from 13-day-old male embryos in the strain used here (Stoll, Rashedi & Maraud, 1975). Graft activity is as strong in the intraembryonic coelom (Maraud et ah 1966), implanted according to Dossel's method (1954), as implanted in the extraembryonic coelom (Stoll, Rashedi & Maraud, 1978). This supports the idea of an hormonal effect, but the grafted testis does not act through androgenic steroids because hormones of this type cannot duplicate the action of the graft. Indeed steroids administered to an embryo before its sexual differentiation cause an agenesia of M.D., i.e. an interruption of their development, whereas a graft causes their regression after development (Stoll, 1948, 1950; Stoll, Faucounau & Maraud, 1972). The testis acts by means of a hormone of molecular weight greater than 1000 daltons (Weniger, Mack & Holder, 1975), perhaps analogous to 'antimullerian hormone' of mammals (Josso, Tran & 1 Authors' address: Laboratoire d'histologie et d'embryologie, Universite Bordeaux II, 146, rue Leo Saignat, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
2 82 R. MARAUD, M. RASHEDI AND R. STOLL E.C E.E.C. v.v. Fig. 1(A). Schematic view of a 3-day-old chick embryo (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 18). The arrows show the two ways used to implant the graft under the chorion near the umbilical region. (B) Schematic cross section of the same embryo showing final position of the graft in relation to embryonic membranes and vessels. Symbols: Am: Amnion; Ch.: chorion; E.C: embryonic coelom; E.E.C: Extraembryonic coelom; G.: graft; V.V.: vitelline vessels. (Modified after Mathias Duval, 1889). Picard, 1977) since chick embryonic testis provokes the 'in vitro' regression of mouse M.D. (Weniger, 1965). On the other hand, the chronology of duct regression was the same in a grafted female as that in a normal male (Maraud et ah 1970) extending between the 8th and the 13th day of embryonic life (Willier, 1939). The question arises whether the regression begins because of the onset of the secretory activity in the graft or because of the appearance of the duct sensitivity. This later point could be ascertained with a method allowing both precocious grafting of large organs and removal of the graft before the duct regression. However methods described by various authors permitted either grafting of small fragments in young embryos (Hamburger, 1938; Dossel, 1954) or grafting of large fragments in older embryos (Willier, 1924; Groenendijk-Huijbers, 1966) and none of them permitted removal of the graft at an early stage. We have devised a new, simple method which allows grafting of large fragments into young embryos and also removal of the graft at various stages of embryonic
3 Regression of Mullerian ducts in chick embryos 83 Table 1. Influence on the Mullerian ducts (M.D.) of female chick embryos of a grafted embryonic testis left temporarily (X), compared with a testicular graft left definitively (XX) or with a graft of neutral tissue (XXX)? 1 embryos Type of grafting Further manipulation No. M. D. Reg. M.D Embryonic testis at day 3 (X) Embryonic testis at day 4 (X) Embryonic testis at day 3 (XX) Neutral tissue (XXX) No. M.D.: Normal Graft removed at day 4 at day 5 at day 6 Graft removed at day Mullerian ducts; Reg. M.D.: Regressed Mullerian ducts life. Thus it was possible to analyse separately a testis graft as inductor and M.D. as receptors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three-day-old embryos from Derco strain (Red-Cornish $ x White Rock $) (Hamburger & Hamilton, stage 18, 1951) were grafted with an entire testis from a 13-day-old male donor according to the following method. At 3 days the embryo partly lies on its left side, the embryonic membranes are separated into amnios and chorion and the vitelline membrane has disappeared from the upper part of the egg. The large extraembryonic coelom situated between chorion and yolk sac is readily accessible and the numerous vitelline and allantoic vessels will give the graft good vascularization. An aperture was made through the shell of the egg at a point on the middle of its greatest circumfeience. Pipetting a small amount of albumen makes the embryo slightly lowered when it comes under this aperture because of the rotation of the yolk sac. The chorion was opened by tearing with fine watchmaker's forceps either near the head, or near the caudal end of the embryo carefully avoiding any injury of amnion or yolk sac (Fig. I A). The graft marked with a few grains of sterile carbon was nudged into the incision and pushed against the vessels of the future umbilical region (Fig. 1 A, B). The eggshell aperture was then closed with cellulose tape. The graft became vascularized within approximately 24 h. Its differentiation was excellent and it was easy to recover when embryos were sacrificed, or before, being generally inserted on extraembryonic membranes near the umbilicus. The graft was removed from some of the embryos (200), in the same way, at day 4, 5 or 6. After tearing the chorion and gently pushing the allantois which
4 84 R. MARAUD, M. RASHEDI AND R. STOLL M Fig. 2. (a). Microscopic view of the genital tract of a testis-grafted 7-day-old chick embryo. Both right and left Miillerian ducts are present, (arrows) G: gonad; M: mesonephros. (b). Macroscopic view of a normal 14-day female chick embryo. Both right rudimentary and left Miillerian ducts are present, (arrows), (c) Macroscopic view of a 14-day female chick embryo, grafted at day 3 with a testis and graft removed at day 6. Miillerian ducts are regressed. Only persists a very small, spherical remnant (arrow) lying before the left Wolffian duct. developed for the time of grafting, the implant was carefully excised, to avoid haemorrhage as far as possible. Since its characteristic shape is retained, it is possible to ensure that it is removed entirely. We only operated on embryos where graft was well vascularized by embryonic vessels of the host. Other embryos where graft was observed free in the coelom and of a ivory-like aspect
5 Regression of Midlerian ducts in chick embryos 85 were rejected. Incubation was continued until day 7 (10 subjects) or 14 (81 subjects) when embryos were sacrificed. These stages were chosen, in the first case because M.D. are normally present, and in the second because it is just above the period of normal regression when any graft-induced duct regression is easy to recognize macroscopically in female embryos. Some other embryos were grafted at 4 days and the graft removed at 6 days (61 subjects). Two other batches of embryos were used as controls. Some of the testisgrafted ones were sacrificed at day 14 when only those presenting a well vascularized graft were considered (37 embryos). Other embryos (40) were grafted under the same conditions with a piece of intestine and also sacrificed at 14 days. Genital tracts of female embryos were observed macroscopically fixed in Bouin's fluid and treated by conventional histology methods. RESULTS The grafting of a 13-day-old whole testis or of a piece of intestine, as control, was followed by some post-operative death (nearly 20 %). The ablation of the graft also caused a high percentage of death (nearly 60 %) particularly from haemorrhage when the testis was implanted near or upon a large vessel of the host. The results observed in surviving 14-day-old female embryos from different batches are reported in Table 1. The major result is that the regression of M.D. occurred after the removal of the graft. The influence of a temporary graft on M.D. was related to the length of time it was present in the embryo. Female embryos whose testicular graft remained in place for 1 day (day 3 to day 4) had normal M.D. One case of regression occurred with a 2-day implantation (day 3 to day 5) and about 50 % of cases showed regression after a 3-day implantation (day 3 to day 6). With a later 2-day implantation (day 4 to day 6) regression of ducts was observed in 2 out of 11 females. The chronology of this regression can be considered as normal, i.e. between 8 and 12 days, because all embryos examined at 7 days possessed M.D. (Fig. 2a) which proves that regression did not begin, while regression was complete in 14-day-old embryos (Fig. 2 b, c) as in normal male embryos or in testis grafted female embryos. Control female embryos maintained under testis graft influence for the whole duration of the experiment showed a total regression of ducts in more than 90 % of cases. Control female embryos bearing a graft of neutral tissue (intestine) did not show any modification of their M.D. which were morphologically normal at day 14. This proves that the manipulations in themselves had no effect.
6 86 R. MARAUD, M. RASHEDI AND R. STOLL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION As previously described, the regression of Miillerian ducts of the chick embryo begins around day 8 of embryonic life, both in a normal male (Willier, 1939) and in a testis-grafted female (Maraud et al. 1970). Results here observed showed that the chronology of the regression was the same in graft-removed embryos, occurring after day 7 and ending before day 14. When the testis graft was removed from female hosts at day 6, i.e. 2 or 3 days after grafting and at least 2 days before the beginning of regression, there was a total regression of ducts in many female recipients. It can be considered that the graft secreted 'antimiillerian hormone' which was stored in the embryo during the 2 or 3 days it was present and provoked destruction of ducts at least 2 days later. The question is raised as to whether the influence of 1 or 2 days' implantation (day 3 to day 4 or 5) was weaker than 3 days' implantation because a lower quantity of hormone was secreted or because the hormone was inactivated during the 3 or 4 days which elapse before the regression begins. The other type of 2 days' implantation (day 4 to day 6) which permits the graft to release its hormone later in development gave a similar result, which showed that the quantity of hormone secreted in only 2 days was a threshold one since it provoked the M.D. regression in 18 % of cases. We conclude that the reaction of ducts beginning near the 8th day under the influence of the graft is not the result of the appearance of 'antimullerian hormone' in embryonic blood, because it is present before the beginning of the regression in sufficient level, but of the appearance of sensitivity of ducts to this testicular hormone. REFERENCES DOSSEL, W. E. (1954). New method of intracoelomic grafting. Science, 120, DUVAL, M. (1889). Atlas d'embryologie. Paris. Masson. HAMBURGER, V. (1938). Morphogenetic and axial self-differentiation of transplanted limb primordia of 2-day chick embryos. /. exp. Zool. 77, HAMBURGER, V. & HAMILTON, H. L. (1951). A series normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. /. Morph. 88, GROENENDIJK-HUIJBERS, M. M. (1966). A new method of multiple grafting of endocrine glands into the IVth ventricle of the chick embryo. Experientia 22, Josso, N., TRAN, D. & PICARD, J. P. (1977). The antimullerian hormone. Recent Progr. Horm.Res.33, MARAUD, R., STOLL, R. & COULAUD, H. (1966). Action de la greffe testiculaire sur les canaux de Miiller de l'embryon de Poulet. C. r. Seanc. Soc. Biol. 160, MARAUD, R., STOLL, R. & COULAUD, H. (1970). Donnees nouvelles sur le role du testicule et de l'hypophyse dans la differenciation sexuelle du Poulet. Bull. Ass. Anat. Fr. 148, STOLL, R. (1948). Action de quelques hormones sexuelles sur le developpement des canaux de Miiller de l'embryon de Poulet. Archs Anat. microsc. Morph. exp. 37, STOLL, R. (1950). Sur la differenciation sexuelle de l'embryon de Poulet. Archs Anat. microsc. Morph. exp. 39, STOLL, R., FAUCOUNAU, N. & MARAUD, R. (1972). L'action des androgenes steroliques sur les canaux de Miiller de l'embryon de Poulet. C. r. Seanc. Soc. Biol. 166,
7 Regression of Mullerian ducts in chick embryos 87 STOLL, R., RASHEDI, M. & MARAUD, R. (1975). Action de l'hormone testiculaire de regression Miiilerienne sur le developpement de l'ovaire de l'embryon de Poulet. C. r. Seanc. Soc. Biol. 169, STOLL, R., RASHEDI, M. & MARAUD, R. (1978). Sur l'hormone de regression miiilerienne, agent inducteur du testicule, chez l'embryon de Poule. Bull. Ass. Anat. Fr. 176, WENIGER, J. P. (1965). Etude comparee des actions hormonales des testicules embryonnaires de Poulet et de Souris en culture 'in vitro'. Archs Anat. microsc. Morph. exp. 54, WENIGER, J. P., MACK, G. & HOLDER, F. (1975). L'hormone responsable de la regression des canaux de Muller chez l'embryon de Poulet male n'est pas un androgene. C. r. hebd. Sianc. Acad. Sci., Paris 280, WILLIER, B. H. (1924). The endocrine glands and the development of the chick. 1. The effects of thyroid grafts. Amer. J. Anat. 33, WILLIER, B. H. (1939). The embryonic development of sex. Sex and Int. Secretions d ed. Williams & Wilkins Co. Baltimore. WOLFF, E. (1947). Recherches sur l'intersexualite experimentale produite par la methode des greffes de gonades a l'embryon de Poulet. Archs Anat. microsc. Morph. exp. 36, (Received 28 April 1981, revised 6 August 1981)
8
Growth pattern of the sex ducts in foetal mouse hermaphrodites
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. 73, 59-68, 1983 59 Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1983 Growth pattern of the sex ducts in foetal mouse hermaphrodites By C. YDING ANDERSEN 1, A. G. BYSKOV
More informationThe Culture in vitro of Urogenital Organs of Pleurodeles waltlii
The Culture in vitro of Urogenital Organs of Pleurodeles waltlii by CHARLES L. FOOTE and FLORENCE M. FOOTE 1 From the Laboratoire d'embryologie experimentale du College de France et du C.N.R.S., Paris
More informationDetection of anti-m\l=u"\llerian activity in boar rete testis fluid
Detection of anti-m\l=u"\llerian activity in boar rete testis fluid Nathalie Josso, J. Y. Picard, J. L. Dacheux and M. Courot Unité de Recherches de Génétique Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital des Enfants-Malades,
More informationA technique for introducing localized long-lasting implants in the chick embryo
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 39, pp. 261-266, 1977 261 Printed in Great Britain SHORT PAPERS A technique for introducing localized long-lasting implants in the chick embryo By MARIETA B. HEATON 1 From
More information11. SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION. Germinal cells, gonocytes. Indifferent stage INDIFFERENT STAGE
11. SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION INDIFFERENT STAGE Early in pregnancy, (within 10-15 % of the pregnancy s expected length) a genital ridge is formed in the sides of the embryonic tissue, ventral to the mesonephros
More informationLaser irradiation of the chick embryo germinal crescent
/. Embryol exp. Morph. Vol. 26, 1, pp. 31-36, 1971 31 Printed in Great Britain Laser irradiation of the chick embryo germinal crescent By MARTHA FEARON MIMS 1 AND ROBERT GILMORE McKINNELL 2 From the Department
More informationThe Occurrence and Morphogenesis of Melanocytes in the Connective Tissues of the PET/MCV Mouse Strain 1
The Occurrence and Morphogenesis of Melanocytes in the Connective Tissues of the PET/MCV Mouse Strain 1 by STUART E. NICHOLS, JR. 2 and WILLIE M. REAMS, JR. 3 From the Department of Anatomy, Medical College
More informationSUMMARY. Keywords: quail, Coturnix japonica, morphology, ovary, oviduct, neurotrophins, immunohistochemistry
SUMMARY Keywords: quail, Coturnix japonica, morphology, ovary, oviduct, neurotrophins, immunohistochemistry Studies on the development of biological systems have expanded using animal models, always to
More informationFunctional differentiation of chick gonads following depletion of primordial germ cells
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 68, pp. 161-174, 1982 Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologists Limited 1982 Functional differentiation of chick gonads following depletion of primordial germ cells By
More informationOrganogenesis Part 2. V. Lateral Plate Mesoderm VI. Endoderm VII. Development of the Tetrapod Limb VIII. Sex Determination. V. Lateral Plate Mesoderm
Organogenesis Part 2 V. Lateral Plate Mesoderm VI. Endoderm VII. Development of the Tetrapod Limb VIII. Sex Determination V. Lateral Plate Mesoderm chordamesoderm paraxial mesoderm intermediate mesoderm
More informationEvidence for a metameric pattern in the development of the chick humerus
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 61, pp. 19125, 1981 Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologists Limited 1981 Evidence for a metameric pattern in the development of the chick humerus By TRENT D. STEPHENS
More informationMetabolism and Glycogen Formation in the Liver of the Chicken Embryo
Metabolism and Glycogen Formation in the Liver of the Chicken Embryo by R. j. O'CONNOR 1 From the John Burford Carlill Pathological Laboratories, Westminster School of Medicine INTRODUCTION THE investigations
More informationThe effect of thyroid function on hemoglobin differentiation in the chick
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 22, 1, pp. 99-105, August 1969 99 Printed in Great Britain The effect of thyroid function on hemoglobin differentiation in the chick By ROBERT W. ATHERTON Department of Physiology,
More informationPositional signalling and the development of the humerus in the chick limb bud
Development 100, 333-338 (1987) Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1987 333 Positional signalling and the development of the humerus in the chick limb bud L. WOLPERT and AMATA HORNBRUCH
More informationovary-like left gonad; for a period of 5 months it continued to exhibit
612.62 EXPERIMENTAL MODIFICATION OF THE ACCESSORY SEXUAL APPARATUS IN THE HEN. By ALAN W. GREEN- WOOD and J. S. S. BLYTH. Institute of Animal Genetics, University of Edinburgh. (Received for publication
More informationIntestinalization of the area-vitellina endoderm cultured in association with digestive-tract mesenchymes
/. Embryol exp. Morph. Vol. 72, pp. 117-124, 1982 \tf Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologists Limited 1982 Intestinalization of the area-vitellina endoderm cultured in association with digestive-tract
More informationSex Hormone Response of the Hemipenis of Eumeces fasciatus as Reflected by Organ Weight
Sex Hormone Response of the Hemipenis of Eumeces fasciatus as Reflected by Organ Weight A. E. Reynolds, DePauw University I. Introduction Such studies as have been made on the reproductive physiology of
More informationCHARA CTERS* nearly sterile. As in other similar combinations the sex glands are reduced ZOOLOGY: E. WITSCHI
ZOOLOGY: E. WITSCHI VOL. 23, 1937 35 STIMULATIVE AND INHIBITIVE INDUCTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SEX CHARA CTERS* By EMIL WITSCHI DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, STATE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA Read
More information1. Be able to characterize the menstrual cycle from the perspective of the ovary a. Follicular phase b. Luteal phase
Human Sexuality Exam II Review Material Gametogenesis: Oogenesis 1. Be able to characterize the menstrual cycle from the perspective of the ovary a. Follicular phase b. Luteal phase 2. Know the relative
More informationChapter 16: Steroid Hormones (Lecture 17)
Chapter 16: Steroid Hormones (Lecture 17) A) 21 or fewer carbon atoms B) Precursor: 27 carbon cholesterol C) major classes of steroid hormones 1) progestagens a) progesterone- prepares lining of uterus
More informationEvidence that blood pressure controls heart rate in the chick embryo prior to neural control
/. Embryol exp. Morph. Vol. 36, 3, pp. 685-695, 1976 685 Printed in Great Britain Evidence that blood pressure controls heart rate in the chick embryo prior to neural control By G. M. RAJALA, 1 J. H. KALBFLEISCH
More informationSexual Development. 6 Stages of Development
6 Sexual Development 6 Stages of Development Development passes through distinct stages, the first of which is fertilization, when one sperm enters one ovum. To enter an ovum, a sperm must undergo the
More informationAn experimental approach to the problem of the derivation of the vaginal epithelium
/. Embryol. exp. Morph., Vol. 14, Part 3, pp. 213-222, December 1965 Printed in Great Britain An experimental approach to the problem of the derivation of the vaginal epithelium by JOHN-GUNNAR FORSBERG
More informationEffect of the T-mutation on histogenesis of the mouse embryo under the testis capsule
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 5, pp. -3, 79 Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologists Limited 79 Effect of the T-mutation on histogenesis of the mouse embryo under the testis capsule By H. FUJIMOTO
More informationSex Differentiation of Avian Gonads In Vitro
AMER. ZOOL.. 15:257-272 (1975). Sex Differentiation of Avian Gonads In Vitro KATV HAFFE.N Unite de Recherches 61 de 1'INSERM, 67200 Strasbourg-Hautepierre, France SYNOPSIS. The analysis of avian sex differentiation
More informationINTRAUTERINE GONADAL DEVELOPMENT*
FERTILITY AND STERILITY Copyright @ 1976 The American Fertility Society Vol. 27, No.5, May 1976 Printed in U.SA. INTRAUTERINE GONADAL DEVELOPMENT* HANNAH PETERS, M.D. The Finsen Laboratory, The Finsen
More informationRelationship between the amount of the ' germinal plasm' and the number of primordial germ cells in Xenopus laevis
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 31, I, pp. 89-98, 1974 go, Printed in Great Britain Relationship between the amount of the ' germinal plasm' and the number of primordial germ cells in Xenopus laevis ByKAZUYUKI
More informationAnimal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology"
Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology" Embryogenesis of the Pituitary and Sexual Development: Part A Development of the Pituitary Gland" Infundibulum" Brain" Rathke s Pouch" Stomodeum" Germ Cell Migration"
More informationvalue as a medium for the in vivo cultivation of different
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE VIRUS OF EQUINE ENCEPH- ALOMYELITIS ON THE CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE OF THE DEVELOPING CHICK' ELIZABETH HIGBIE AND BEATRICE HOWITT George Williams Hooper Foundation, University of California,
More informationEmbryonic sex hormones in birds. JEAN-PIERRE WENIGER Laboratory of Zoology and Experimental Embryology, Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg, France
Int..I. Dev.lIio!. 35: 1-7 (1991) Review Embryonic sex hormones in birds JEAN-PIERRE WENIGER Laboratory of Zoology and Experimental Embryology, Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg, France CONTENTS Introduction
More informationThe role of the Wolffian ducts in the formation of the sinus vagina: an organ culture study
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. 73, 275-295, 1983 275 Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists 1982 The role of the Wolffian ducts in the formation of the sinus vagina: an organ culture study By GABRIELE
More informationAnimal Reproduction. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. # lectures for cumulative test # 01 book 01
Animal Reproduction JP Advis DVM, Ph.D. Bartlett Hall, Animal Sciences, Cook, (732) 932-9240, advis@aesop.rutgers.edu 05 Course website: rci.rutgers.edu/~advis Material to be covered: About lecture Meetings
More informationSex Reversal and Aromatase in the European Pond Turtle: Treatment With Letrozole After the Thermosensitive Period for Sex Determination
490 B. BELAID JOURNAL ET OF AL. EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 290:490 497 (2001) Sex Reversal and Aromatase in the European Pond Turtle: Treatment With Letrozole After the Thermosensitive Period for Sex Determination
More information612.6I7.5:612.6I6.I. different, but most of them appear to be satisfactory from a qualitative
442 612.6I7.5:612.6I6.I SIZE CHANGES IN THE SEMINAL VESICLES OF THE MOUSE DURING DEVELOPMENT AND AFTER CASTRATION. BY RUTH DEANESLY AND A. S. PARKES'. (From the National Institute for Medical Research,
More informationA histochemical study of sex inversion produced by estradiol in chick embryos
/. Embryol. exp. Morph., Vol. 13, Part 1, pp. 45-50, February 1965 Printed in Great Britain A histochemical study of sex inversion produced by estradiol in chick embryos by ROBERTO NARBAITZ and GLADYS
More informationSex differentiation of germ cells in the teleost, Oryzias latipes, during normal embryonic development
J. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 2, 2, pp. -, 2 Printed in Great Britain Sex differentiation of germ cells in the teleost, Oryzias latipes, during normal embryonic development ByNORIYUKI SATOH AND NOBUO EGAMI
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF LIGATION OF CAUDA EPIDIDYMIDIS ON THE DOG TESTIS
Copyright 1974 The American Fertility Society FERTILITY AND STERILITY Vol. 25, No.3, March, 1974 Printed in U.S.A. THE EFFECTS OF LIGATION OF CAUDA EPIDIDYMIDIS ON THE DOG TESTIS A. M. VARE, M.B.B.S.,
More informationChapter 18 Development. Sexual Differentiation
Chapter 18 Development Sexual Differentiation There Are Many Levels of Sex Determination Chromosomal Sex Gonadal Sex Internal Sex Organs External Sex Organs Brain Sex Gender Identity Gender Preference
More informationUse of monoclonal antibody techniques to study the ontogeny of bovine anti-m\l=u"\llerianhormone
Use of monoclonal antibody techniques to study the ontogeny of bovine anti-m\l=u"\llerianhormone B. Vigier, Dien Tran, F. du Mesnil du Buisson, Y. Heyman and Nathalie Josso Unité de Recherches de Génétique
More informationThe effects of isonicotinic acid hydrazide on the early chick embryo
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 29, 1, pp. 209-219, 1973 209 Printed in Great Britain The effects of isonicotinic acid hydrazide on the early chick embryo By M. A. CASTELLANO, J. L. T 6RTORA, N. I. GERMINO,
More informationPreliminary translation by J. B. Sochasky
^ %^ ïq yc]" FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series No. 2676 Ki30_^"RTxsG ry^ STUDY OF A POPULATION OF CARCINUS MAENAS L. FROM THE COASTS OF THE ENGLISH CHANNEL: GENITAL OVARIAN CYCLE By
More informationW.S. O University of Hong Kong
W.S. O University of Hong Kong Development of the Genital System 1. Sexual differentiation 2. Differentiation of the gonads a. Germ cells extragonadal in origin b. Genital ridge intermediate mesoderm consisting
More informationMesenchymal control over elongating and branching morphogenesis in salivary gland development
J. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 66, pp. 9-, 98 9 Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologists Limited 98 Mesenchymal control over elongating and branching morphogenesis in salivary gland development ByHIROYUKI
More informationducts) in embryos of both sexes and (2) the inhibition of the oviducts in
176 ZOOLOGY: WILLIER, RA WLES AND KOCH PROC. N. A. S. vided the molecules have a density equal to that of most proteins, i.e., 1.33 gm./cc. This value of the molecular weight is about one-third of that
More informationAnti-mesodermal Activity of a Nitrogen Mustard Derivative
/. Embryol. exp. Morph., Vol. 11, Part 4, pp. 689-696, December 1963 Printed in Great Britain Anti-mesodermal Activity of a Nitrogen Mustard Derivative by A. JURAND 1 From the Institute of Animal Genetics,
More informationThe site of action of the ichthyosis locus (ic) in the mouse, as determined by dermal-epidermal recombinations
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 32, 3, pp. 715-721, 1974 715 Printed in Great Britain The site of action of the ichthyosis locus (ic) in the mouse, as determined by dermal-epidermal recombinations BY MARGARET
More informationA Congenital Defect in the Spinal Cord of the Manx Cat
Vet, Path. 8: 232-238 (1971) A Congenital Defect in the Spinal Cord of the Manx Cat A. H. MARTIN Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison Wisc. Abstract. The lumbar part of the spinal cords
More information(Received 16th October 1969)
EFFECT OF AN ANTI-ANDROGEN ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE INTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS IN DOGS H. STEINBECK, F. NEUMANN and W. ELGER Main Laboratory of Schering AG, Berlin, West Germany (Received 16th October
More informationAn experimental investigation into the early development of the chick elbow joint
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 39,pp. 115-127, 1977 Printed in Great Britain An experimental investigation into the early development of the chick elbow joint By N. HOLDER 1 From the Department of Biology
More information3.1 Meiosis
3.1 Meiosis Chromosome Number Individuals of the same species have the same number of chromosomes. Meiosis is used to half the number of chromosomes passed to the offspring. What is meiosis Meiosis happens
More informationCOPULATION AND EGG-PRODUCTION IN RHODNIUS PROLIXUS: THE ROLE OF THE SPERMATHECAE
J. Exp. BM. (1965), 4*. 373-378 3-73 With 1 text-figure Printed in Great Britain COPULATION AND EGG-PRODUCTION IN RHODNIUS PROLIXUS: THE ROLE OF THE SPERMATHECAE BY K. G. DAVEY Institute of Parasitology,
More informationChapter 6. Villous Growth
Core Curriculum in Perinatal Pathology Chapter 6 Villous Growth Overview of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis Vasculogenesis Extraembryonic Vasculogenesis Angiogenesis Branching angiogenesis Sprouting angiogenesis
More informationSexual differentiation:
Abnormal Development of Female Genitalia Dr. Maryam Fetal development of gonads, external genitalia, Mullerian ducts and Wolffian ducts can be disrupted at a variety of points, leading to a wide range
More informationBiology of Reproduction- Zool 346 Exam 2
Biology of Reproduction- Zool 346 Exam 2 ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. THE ANSWER ON THE ANSWER SHEET IS YOUR OFFICIAL ANSWER. Some critical words are boldfaced. This exam is 7 pages long.
More informationMidgut. Over its entire length the midgut is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
Gi Embryology 3 Midgut the midgut is suspended from the dorsal abdominal wall by a short mesentery and communicates with the yolk sac by way of the vitelline duct or yolk stalk Over its entire length the
More informationMorphogenesis by dissociated immature rat testicular cells in primary culture
/. Einhryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 44, pp. 297-302, 1978 297 Printed in Great Britain (p Company of Biologists Limited 1978 SHORT PAPER Morphogenesis by dissociated immature rat testicular cells in primary
More informationDevelopment of pancreas and Small Intestine. ANATOMY DEPARTMENT DR.SANAA AL-AlSHAARAWY DR.ESSAM Eldin Salama
Development of pancreas and Small Intestine ANATOMY DEPARTMENT DR.SANAA AL-AlSHAARAWY DR.ESSAM Eldin Salama OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to : Describe the development
More information[485] THE BREAKDOWN OF THE THORACIC GLAND IN THE ADULT INSECT, RHODNIUS PROLIXUS
[485] THE BREAKDOWN OF THE THORACIC GLAND IN THE ADULT INSECT, RHODNIUS PROLIXUS BY V. B. WIGGLESWORTH Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge (Received 3 November 1954) The thoracic or ' prothoracic'
More informationUrinary system development. Male ( ) and Female ( ) Reproductive Systems Development
Urinary system development Male ( ) and Female ( ) Reproductive Systems Development Urogenital system develops from mesodermal uro-genital ridge (intermediate mesoderm) development of male and female genital
More informationSexual Reproduction. For most diploid eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is the only mechanism resulting in new members of a species.
Sex Determination Sexual Reproduction For most diploid eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is the only mechanism resulting in new members of a species. Meiosis in the sexual organs of parents produces haploid
More informationFACTORS INFLUENCING VARIOLA VIRUS GROWTH ON THE CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE OF EMBRYONATED EGGS
FACTORS INFLUENCING VARIOLA VIRUS GROWTH ON THE CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE OF EMBRYONATED EGGS NICHOLAS HAHON, MILTON RATNER, AND EDMUND KOZIKOWSKI U. S. Army Chemical Corps, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
More information2. Which of the following factors does not contribute to ion selectivity?
General Biology Summer 2014 Exam II Sample Answers 1. Which of the following is TRUE about a neuron at rest? A. The cytosol is positive relative to the outside B. Na+ concentrations are higher inside C.
More informationREPRODUCCIÓN. La idea fija. Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
REPRODUCCIÓN La idea fija How male and female reproductive systems differentiate The reproductive organs and how they work How gametes are produced and fertilized Pregnancy, stages of development, birth
More informationunder its influence, male development occurs; in its absence, female development is established.
Sex differentiation is a complex process that involves many genes, including some that are autosomal. The key to sexual dimorphism is the Y chromosome, which contains the testis determining gene called
More informationBIOL 2402 Reproductive Systems!
Dr. Chris Doumen! Female Reproductive Anatomy BIOL 2402 Reproductive Systems! Establishing the Ovarian Cycle During childhood, until puberty Ovaries grow and secrete small amounts of estrogens Estrogen
More informationSTUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF THE DIAPAUSE HORMONE IN THE SILKWORM, BOMBYX MORI L.
J. Exp. Biol. (4), 4, 55-55 Printed in Great Britain STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF THE DIAPAUSE HORMONE IN THE SILKWORM, BOMBYX MORI L. II. CONTENT OF DIAPAUSE HORMONE IN THE SUBOESOPHAGEAL GANGLION
More informationProximal distal sequence of development of the skeletal tissues in the penis of rat and the inductive effect of epithelium
J. Embryol. exp. Morph. 92, 133-143 (1986) 133 Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1986 Proximal distal sequence of development of the skeletal tissues in the penis of rat and the
More informationHeart & vascular system I. Dawei Dong
Heart & vascular system I Dawei Dong Lecture goal Learn the basics of heart and vascular development. Development of Heart, Blood, and Blood Vessels LEARNING GOALS: 1. explain the early development of
More informationSISTEMA REPRODUCTOR (LA IDEA FIJA) Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SISTEMA REPRODUCTOR (LA IDEA FIJA) How male and female reproductive systems differentiate The reproductive organs and how they work How gametes are produced and fertilized Pregnancy, stages of development,
More informationWhen you see this diagram, remember that you are looking at the embryo from above, through the amniotic cavity, where the epiblast appears as an oval
When you see this diagram, remember that you are looking at the embryo from above, through the amniotic cavity, where the epiblast appears as an oval disc 2 Why the embryo needs the vascular system? When
More informationAGREEMENT OF THE MEMBER STATE COMMITTEE ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF 4,4'-ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL (BISPHENOL A) AS A SUBSTANCE OF VERY HIGH CONCERN
AGREEMENT OF THE MEMBER STATE COMMITTEE ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF 4,4'-ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL (BISPHENOL A) AS A SUBSTANCE OF VERY HIGH CONCERN According to Articles 57 and 59 of Regulation (EC) 1907/2006
More informationDevelopmental Changes of Müllerian and Wolffian Ducts in Domestic Cat Fetuses
Exp. Anim. 58(1), 41 45, 2009 Note Developmental Changes of Müllerian and Wolffian Ducts in Domestic Cat Fetuses Tomo INOMATA 1), Hiroyoshi NINOMIYA 1), Katsuyasu SAKITA 1), Naomi KASHIWAZAKI 2), Junya
More informationEMBRYOLOGIC BASIS OF FEMALE CONGENITAL TRACT MALFORMATIONS
EMBRYOLOGIC BASIS OF FEMALE CONGENITAL TRACT MALFORMATIONS Prof. Pedro Acién, MD, FRCOG Maribel Acién, MD San Juan University Hospital/ Miguel Hernández University Campus of San Juan. Alicante. Spain Instituto
More informationProliferation and migration of primordial germ cells during compensatory growth in mouse embryos
/. Embryol. exp. Morph. Vol. 64, pp. 133-147, 1981 133 Printed in Great Britain Company of Biologists Limited 1981 Proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells during compensatory growth in mouse
More informationappreciable (0.15 nm) are also nearly reached at intermediate voltages (0.17 nm at 300 or 400 kv) due to
appreciable investigation Microsc. Microanal. Microstruct. 4 (1993) APRIUJUNE 1993, PAGE 111 111 Classification Physics Abstracts 61.16D 61.16F 07.80 In situ experiments in the new transmission electron
More informationR o b e r t K y l e B u r n s
n a t i o n a l a c a d e m y o f s c i e n c e s R o b e r t K y l e B u r n s 1896 1982 A Biographical Memoir by J a m e s M u r r a y Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s)
More informationThe Stabilization of Cartilage Properties in the Cartilage-f orming Mesenchyme of the Embryonic Chick Limb 'l2t3
The Stabilization of Cartilage Properties in the Cartilage-f orming Mesenchyme of the Embryonic Chick Limb 'l2t3 ROBERT L. SEARLS AND MARTHA Y. JANNERS Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia,
More informationAnimal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology
Animal Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Development of the Pituitary Gland Lec 5: Embryogenesis of the Pituitary and Sexual Development Stomodeum Brain Infundibulum Rathke s Pouch Germ Cell Migration
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL TUBE PEDICLE LINED WITH SMALL BOWEL. By J. H. GOLDIN, F.R.C.S.(Edin.) Plastic Surgery Unit, St Thomas' Hospital, London
British Journal of Plastic Surgery (I972), 25, 388-39z AN EXPERIMENTAL TUBE PEDICLE LINED WITH SMALL BOWEL By J. H. GOLDIN, F.R.C.S.(Edin.) Plastic Surgery Unit, St Thomas' Hospital, London ONE of the
More informationNormal and Abnormal Development of the Genital Tract. Dr.Raghad Abdul-Halim
Normal and Abnormal Development of the Genital Tract Dr.Raghad Abdul-Halim objectives: Revision of embryology. Clinical presentation, investigations and clinical significance of most common developmental
More information-The cause of testicular neoplasms remains unknown
- In the 15- to 34-year-old age group, they are the most common tumors of men. - include: I. Germ cell tumors : (95%); all are malignant. II. Sex cord-stromal tumors: from Sertoli or Leydig cells; usually
More informationBi-potent Gonads. Sex Determination
יצירת הגונדות Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) Somatic cells Genital ridge Bi-potent Gonads Sex Determination Testis and Sperm Ovary and Oocyte Migration of Primordial Germ Cells in the Chick Embryo The
More information17. Sex. Being Male and Female
17. Sex Being Male and Female Reproduction Asexual: more efficient (Only 1 sex) Low genetic variation Sexual: prevalent (2 sexes, separate or not) High genetic variation Need 2 members of the same species
More informationDevelopment of the Digestive System. W.S. O The University of Hong Kong
Development of the Digestive System W.S. O The University of Hong Kong Plan for the GI system Then GI system in the abdomen first develops as a tube suspended by dorsal and ventral mesenteries. Blood
More informationFLASH CARDS. Kalat s Book Chapter 11 Alphabetical
FLASH CARDS www.biologicalpsych.com Kalat s Book Chapter 11 Alphabetical alpha-fetoprotein alpha-fetoprotein Alpha-Fetal Protein (AFP) or alpha-1- fetoprotein. During a prenatal sensitive period, estradiol
More informationSubsequent investigations served to differentiate the melanophoric. (Received 26 May 1937)
429 J. Physiol. (I937) 90, 429-434 6I2.796:6I2.46I.269 SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACTION OF URINE UPON AMPHIBIAN MELANOPHORES BY S. H. RAZA AND W. R. SPURRELL From the Physiological Laboratory, Guy's
More informationstrain), were tested by growing explants of neural fold from the posterior Woronzowa,2' 3 implanting pituitaries in postlarval stages, observed
VOL. 35, 1949 GENETICS: H. C. DALTON 277 DE VELOPMENTAL ANAL YSIS OF GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN PIGMENTATION IN THE AXOLOTL By H. CLARK DALTON DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON, COLD
More information(Received 29th April 1974)
THE R\l=O^\LE OF THE EPIDIDYMIS AND DUCTUS DEFERENS IN THE DIRECT AND UNILATERAL CONTROL OF THE PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICLES OF THE RAT C. G. PIERREPOINT, P. DAVIES and D. W. WILSON Tenovus Institutefor
More informationDevelopment of the Genital System
Development of the Genital System Professor Alfred Cuschieri Department of Anatomy University of Malta The mesonephros develops primitive nephrotomes draining into a mesonephric duct nephrotome mesonephric
More informationAnimal Development. Lecture 3. Germ Cells and Sex
Animal Development Lecture 3 Germ Cells and Sex 1 The ovary of sow. The ovary of mare. The ovary of cow. The ovary of ewe. 2 3 The ovary. A generalized vertebrate ovary. (Wilt and Hake, Ch 2, 2004) 4 The
More informationTHE EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF SUPRARENAL CORTEX ON THE BLOOD CALCIUM
35 THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF SUPRARENAL CORTEX ON THE BLOOD CALCIUM BY L. MIRVISH AND L. P. BOSMAN. (From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cape Town.) (Received 12th February 1929.) INTRODUCTION.
More informationphotoperiods in Leroy (1970) described seasonal variations in the testicular development of guineafowls
Testis development and daily sperm output in guinea-fowl raised under constant daily photoperiods J. P. BRILLARD, M. de REVIERS Station de Recherches avicoles, 1.N.R.A. 37380 Monnaie, France. Nouzilly,
More informationDevelopment of the Digestive System. W.S. O School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong.
Development of the Digestive System W.S. O School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong. Organization of the GI tract: Foregut (abdominal part) supplied by coeliac trunk; derivatives include
More informationMorphogenesis of the silkworm egg
/. Embryo!, exp. Morph. Vol. 36, 1, pp. 13-18, 1976 13 Printed in Great Britain Morphogenesis of the silkworm egg By J. M. LEGAY 1 From the Laboratoire de Biome'trie, Universite Claude Bernard, Lyon SUMMARY
More informationDEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, HPS (B) X CLASS Key:Reproductive system, Endocrine system and Population
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, HPS (B) X CLASS Key:Reproductive system, Endocrine system and Population Question I. Name of the following: 1. The part of the female reproductive system in which fertilization takes
More informationChorion Allantois Membrane (CAM) Assay
Chorion Allantois Membrane (CAM) Assay Introduction: The CAM assay was based on Nguyen et al. (1994). It is a simple and commonly used test to assess the angiogenesis inhibiting or stimulating properties
More informationSexual differentiation of the external genital organs of the Macaca fascicularis fetus
Sexual differentiation of the external genital organs of the Macaca fascicularis fetus D. C. Dang To cite this version: D. C. Dang. Sexual differentiation of the external genital organs of the Macaca fascicularis
More informationViability and Freezing Ability of Rabbit Collected in the Vagina after Prostaglandin Treatment
Technical Note Japanese Journal of Physiology, 38, 585-589, 1988 Viability and Freezing Ability of Rabbit Collected in the Vagina after Prostaglandin Treatment Embryos Vlviane GARNIER, Jean Paul RENARD,
More informationSex Differentiation. Course Outline. Topic #! Topic lecture! Silverthorn! Membranes (pre-requisite material)!!
Sex Differentiation The goal of these lectures is to discuss how a control system is formed. For this, we will use basic physiology associated with the control of reproduction (from sexual differentiation
More informationAnimal Reproduction Chapter 46. Fission. Budding. Parthenogenesis. Fragmentation 11/27/2017
Animal Reproduction Chapter 46 Both asexual and sexual reproduction occur in the animal kingdom Sexual reproduction is the creation of an offspring by fusion of a male gamete (sperm) and female gamete
More information