ERADICATION OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN SLOVENIA

Transcription

1 ERADICATION OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN SLOVENIA Presentation for VI International M. bovis Conference Ocepek M., Pate M., Maurer Wernig J., Pirš T.

2 2,050,000 people 461,500 cattle

3 63% of the land is covered by forest Average size of the farm is 0.06 km 2 Average number of cattle per farm is

4 History First description: Dr. Simon Strupi The period between 1891 and 1900: The disease was detected in 0.19% of animals in abattoirs. Regulations (1909): only open TB must be reported, milk from cow with udder TB is not for sale. The period between world wars: First tuberculin (TB) skin testing, performed at some large farms in 1922, showed that 70% of animals were positive. In general, the proportion of positive animals in abattoirs did not exceed 1% Regulations (1928): Additional to old regulation: infected animals must be slaughtered and also severe intestinal, uteral and udder TB must be reported. After the Second World War: A planned TB skin testing in community farms in Yugoslavia started in As a result, 8.05% positive cattle were found (out of ).

5 Eradication In 1954, the Federal Vet. Administration introduced basic measures for eradication of btb monitoring compulsory slaughtering of all positive animals prohibition of movement of animals prohibition of trade with milk and products of animal origin from the infected holdings. General TB skin testing was not performed until 1962.

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7 General TB testing GT Year Herds Bovine animals No. of tested % of positive* No. of tested % of positive** I II III IV V VI VII VIII (FMD) GT = general TB testing * = % of positive herds: at least one animal in a herd showed + reaction to the tuberculin test ** = % of positive animals: animals, which showed + reaction to the tuberculin test

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9 Year Herds Bovine animals No. of tested % of positive* No. of tested % of positive**

10 Officially tuberculosis free status % of bovine herds confirmed as infected with TB has not exceeded 0.1% per year of all herds for six consecutive years and at least 99.9% of the herds must have been or remained OTF for at least six consecutive years Each bovine animal is identified in accordance with Community legislation All bovine animals slaughtered are subjected to an official post-mortem examination Year Total No. of cattle No. of Officially free herds Suspended herds tested Herds Animals animals Herds % Herds % >25,000,000

11 Year Total No. of cattle No. of tested Officially free herds Suspended herds Herds Animals animals Herds % Herds %

12 Bacteriological examinations Year Examined Positive Other mycobacteria animal herds animal herds M. avium Nontuberculous mycobacteria Nontuberculous mycobacteria ? 1 -? M. sp ? 1 -? M. sp.; 31 confirmed positive animals (M. bovis) from import (abattoir) Nontuberculous mycobacteria, M. avium, M. gordonae M. tuberculosis, M. avium (2) R. equi (2) M. avium (2); 2 confirmed positive animals (M. bovis) from import (abattoir)

13 Bacteriological examinations Examined Year Positive Other mycobacteria animal herds animal herds M. avium M. caprae M. sp., M. avium M. gordonae, M. peregrinum M. gordonae M. gordonae, M intracellulare, M. fortuitum M. caprae (imported from EU country)

14 Wildlife species included in the study and species of mycobacteria identified. Animal species Tested Positive Mycobacteria identified No. % Red deer (Cervus elaphus) M. avium subsp. hominissuis (n=3), M. confluentis (n=2), M. intracellulare (n=2), M. peregrinum (n=2), M. engbaekii (n=1), M. nonchromogenicum (n=1), M. vaccae (n=1), Mycobacterium sp. (n=5) Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) M. peregrinum (n=4), M. avium subsp. hominissuis (n=1), M. celatum (n=1), M. intracellulare (n=1), M. neoaurum (n=1) Wild boar (Sus scrofa) M. fortuitum (n=2), M. terrae (n=2) M. intracellulare (n=1), M. peregrinum (n=1) Mycobacterium sp. (n=2) Fallow deer (Dama dama) M. avium subsp. hominissuis (n=2) Wolf (Canis lupus) Badger (Meles meles) Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Mouflon (Ovis aries orientalis) Polecat (Mustela putorius) Ibex (Capra ibex) Stone marten (Martes foina) Jackal (Canis aureus) M. avium subsp. avium (n=1) Total species

15 Current situation 3-year interval (1st , 2nd ) TB skin test (single, cervical) in all animals > 6 weeks in 33% herds a year positive reactors culled, submitted to bacteriology herd negative when two consequent tests negative (6 month interval) official post mortem examination for all slaughtered bovine animals no wildlife reservoir found until now last domestic case in 2005 situation can change

16 Acknowledgements Data were obtained from regular disease monitoring programme financed by RS - Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary Sector and Plant Protection