An outbreak of Bovine Brucellosis in Belgium

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1 Federal Agency for the Safety of the Foodchain An outbreak of Bovine Brucellosis in Belgium SCOFCAH Brussels, 3-4 March 2011

2 Outline History of Bovine Brucellosis Outbreak Epidemiological investigation Contact farms Surveillance Conclusions

3 History of Bovine Brucellosis Numerous outbreaks in Belgium until 1987; last in March 2000 Intensified eradication programme (Directive 64/432/EC) Official Bovine Brucellosis free status in 2003 (Decision 2003/467/EC) Risk based surveillance since 2009: Systematic testing of all abortions Random tests at purchase Random tests in breeding herds without notified abortions Repeated testing of bovines originating from non free regions

4 History of Bovine Brucellosis One isolated outbreak in November 2010: - Mixed herd in Province of Liège (104 bovines) - Detection with analysis of an abortion - All bovines were slaughtered - Cleaning and disinfection - Epidemiological investigation:137 contact farms, all were negative. - Follow-up of each concerned farm during the next winter season and other farms at random (810 farms). - No secondary outbreak

5 Outbreak Mixed herd (breeding + fattening) in the village Franc-Waret, municipality Fernelmont, Province of Namur 262 bovines: beef cows, calves, fattening bulls

6 Outbreak Timeline: 23/02/2012: caesarean on a death calf in a cow born in /02/2012: positive serology (ELISA), sample sent to NRL 05/03/2012: positive serology (ELISA) confirmed by NRL 06/03/2012: second abortion 07/03/2012 : positive bacteriology and confirmation of brucellosis by NRL, movement prohibition, sampling of all bovines older than 12 months, outbreak is officially notified, start of epidemiological inquiry 08/03/2012: order to slaughter the entire herd 09/03/2012: confirmation by NRL: Brucella abortus biovar 3,

7 Outbreak Timeline: 09/03/2012 : results of serology: 21 cows positive; Entire herd must be slaughtered within 30 days 21/03/2012: confirmation of a second outbreak: positive bacteriology on a compulsory slaughtered cow, originally from the first outbreak (12 January 2012), in a mixed herd in the village Neuringen, Province of Oost-Vlaanderen. movement prohibition, sampling of all bovines older than 12 months, outbreak is officially notified, start of epidemiological inquiry 29/03/2012 : results of serology of second outbreak: all other bovines negative

8 Outbreak Timeline: 02/04/2012 : confirmation of 2 new outbreaks: positive bacteriology on 2 compulsory slaughtered cow from two contact farms (contact with the first outbreak)

9 Secondary outbreak 21/03/2012 Fourth outbreak 2/04/2012 Primary outbreak 7/03/2012 Third outbreak 2/04/2012

10 Epidemiological investigation Tracing on, tracing back Direct contacts (purchase, sale, show) Indirect contacts (veterinarians, used equipment, neighbouring farms, grazing) Investigation still ongoing

11 Epidemiological investigation Contact farms: From the first outbreak 1 cow sent to the Netherlands in December cow sent to France in March and August 2011, and in January and March /- 300 contact farms in Belgium From the second outbreak +/- 200 contact farms in Belgium Contact animals: 1 bull and 2 cows sent to the Netherlands in January cows sent to Germany in January 2012

12 Contact farms Movement restrictions Two testing of all bovines over 12 months (SAW and ELISA) Positive sera are sent to NRL for confirmation Bovines with seropositive results confirmed by NRL are compulsory slaughtered for bacteriology High risk herds will be retested before the end of the winter season

13 Surveillance General surveillance Testing of all dairy herds (10 000): results begin April 2012 Temporary testing of blood of all purchased bovines. Stimulation of notification of abortions

14 Conclusions Outbreak identified in an early stage of disease due to the risk based surveillance programme Contact farms identified, movement restrictions Three secondary outbreak confirmed up until now Origin of infection not clear yet Epidemiological investigation and surveillance are ongoing

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