ph ph P<0.05 A X S816 S h 7% ~ 8% Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition

Transcription

1 Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition doi /j.issn x * % 13.96% d 10 d d ~ P 0.05 ph P> ph P > P<0.05 P< S816 S828 A X ~ 6.0 m 18 h 7% ~ 8% YF dangfangkun@ 163.com * zsummit@ hotmail.com

2 CFU /g % 11.7% 90% % d d 10 d β % 5 d 5 d A 2 B C D 8 1 ~ ±1.87 kg cm T h ±3.87 kg 80.08±4.52 kg NRC ~ 60 kg 1 ~ 4 40 ml g 10 min ml ml

3 Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of experimental diets air-dry basis % Collection of ileal digesta Items Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet Diet 5 Diet 6 Ingredients Corn Soybean meal Wheat bran Standard flour 5.00 Soybean hull 8.00 Soybean oil NaCl Limestone CaHPO DL- DL-Met L- L-Lys Trp Thr Val 0.02 Fungicide 0.04 Premix Total Nutrient levels 2 CP DE / MJ /kg NE / MJ /kg CF ADF NDF Ca AP DLys DMet DThr DTrp One kg of diet supplies VA IU VD IU VE 40 IU VK 3 4 mg VB mg VB 2 5 mg VB 6 2 mg VB μg pantothenic acid 15.0 mg nicotinic acid 35.0 mg folic acid 2 mg biotin 4 mg choline choride 600 mg Cu 50.0 mg Fe 80.0 mg Zn mg Mn 25.0 mg Se 0.15 mg I 0.5 mg 2 CP and CF are determined values while the other nutrient levels are calculated values. 1.5 Sartorius PB-10 ph 39 ph β- 65 NY /T GB /T GB /T NY /T

4 Dahlqvist 10 ± P 0.05 GB /T g 10 ml P = 100 ml μm P > 530 nm ph 1.6 SAS 9. 0 MEANS P> t-test 1 2 P< SAS 9.0 GLM Duncan P<0.05 CORR P>0.05 Table The characteristic of cecal digesta and nutrient digestibility of 4 diets in pigs Items Composition of cecal digesta 1 Experiment 1 1 Diet 1 2 Diet 2 P P-value 2 Experiment 2 3 Diet 3 4 Diet 4 P P-value DM /% 9.2± ± ± ± ph 6.43± ± ± ± Enzyme activity of cecal fluid / U /ml Cellulase 0.085± ± ± ± Xylanase 0.248± ± ± ± Glucanase 0.316± ± ± ± Amylase 88.5± ± ± ± Acid protease 3.8± ± ± ± Neutral protease 93.0± ± ± ± Digestibility of nutrients /% DM 78.15± ± ± ± GE 76.46± ± ± ± CP 78.96± ± ± ± CF 40.01± ± ± ± > - > 3 > P < P< >

5 > - P< > ~ 296 mg /g > 8 P< mg /g 51 mg /g P<0.05 Table 3 3 Effects of porcine cecal fluid sources on the amount of released reducing sugar in diets and ileal digesta mg /g DM Items Sources of cecal fluid A B C D P Mean of P-value substrate Substrate 1 Diet ± ± ± ± B 2 Diet ± ± ± ± C 3 Diet ± ± ± ± E 4 Diet ± ± ± ± F 5 Diet ± ± ± ± D 6 Diet ± ± ± ± A 1 Ileal digesta ± ± ± ± G 2 Ileal digesta ± ± ± ± G Mean of cecal fluid 121 d 182 c 399 a 209 b P P-value P Cecal fluid substrate P-value P<0.05 P>0.05 In the same row mean of cecal fluid or column mean of substrate values with different letter superscripts mean significant difference P<0.05 while with the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference P> % 87% 83% r 0.74 P < % 14 r 0.49 P> r 0.58 P<0.05 r = P< % ~ 10.4% - r P > % ~ 10.4% % r 0.51 P<0. 05 r = P>0.05

6 ph ~ ph 6.43 ~ ph Morita NDF 18 Liu 19 15% Rist NDF 20% 4 4 Table 4 The simple correlation of digestive enzyme activity of cecal fluid and the amount of released reducing sugar in diets or ileal digesta Substrate Cellulase Xylanase Glucanase Neutral protease Acid protease Amylase 1 Diet * 0.95 * 0.80 * * 2 Diet * 0.80 * 0.77 * * 3 Diet * 0.81 * 0.95 * * 4 Diet * 0.99 * 0.74 * * 5 Diet * 0.88 * 0.80 * * 6 Diet * 0.78 * 0.80 * * 1 Ileal digesta * * 0.58 * 2 Ileal digesta * 0.90 * 0.51 * 0.77 * * * P<0.05 * means significant correlation P< % 64.7% 55. 9% 75.0% % Knudsen 11 β- J rgensen

7 J VAREL V H YEN J T. Microbial perspective on fiber 2 utilization by swine J. Journal of Animal Science D T J DAHLQVIST A.A method for the determination of amylase in intestinal content J. Scandinavian Journal of 4 Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ph 11 KNUDSEN K E B JENSEN B B HANSEN I. Digestion ph of polysaccharides and other major components in the small and large intestine of pigs fed on diets consisting 2 of oat fractions rich in β-d-glucan J.The British Journal of Nutrition D GOERKE M EKLUND M SAUER N et al. Effect of 1 DELZENNE N M NEYRINCK A M CANI P D.Modulation of the gut microbiota by nutrients with prebiotic properties consequences for host health in the context of obesity and metabolic syndrome J. Microbial Cell Factories Suppl 1 S10. 2 VERVAEKE I J DIERICK N A DEMEYER D I et al. Approach to the energetic importance of fibre digestion in pigs.Ⅱ. An experimental approach to hindgut digestion J. Animal Feed Science and Technology PIEPER R NEUMANN K KR GER S et al. Influence of fermentable carbohydrates or protein on large intestinal and urinary metabolomic profiles in piglets J. Journal of Animal Science Suppl MORITA T KASAOKA S OH-HASHI A et al. Resistant proteins alter cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles in J feed intake level on ileal digestibilities of crude protein and amino acids in diets for piglets J. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture J PIEPER R BOUDRY C BINDELLE J et al.interaction between dietary protein content and the source of carbohydrates along the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets J. Archives of Animal Nutrition /2 / FRANKLIN M A MATHEW A G VICKERS J R et al. D.. Characterization of microbial populations and volatile fatty acid concentrations in the jejunum ileum and cecum of pigs weaned at 17 vs. 24 days of age J.Journal of Animal Science D rats fed high amylose cornstarch J.The Journal of Nu-

8 trition LIU X X BLOUIN J M SANTACRUZ A et al. Highprotein diet modifies colonic microbiota and luminal environment but not colonocyte metabolism in the rat model the increased luminal bulk connection J. A- merican Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology G459-G RIST V T S WEISS E EKLUND M et al.impact of dietary protein on microbiota composition and activity in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets in relation to gut health a review J.Animal J RGENSEN H ZHAO X Q EGGUM B O. The influence of dietary fibre and environmental temoperature D.. on VAREL V H ROBINSON I M JUNG H J.Influence of dietary fiber on xylanolytic and cellulolytic bacteria of adult pigs J. Applied and Environmental Microbiology RODR GUEZ Z L PEZ A BOUCOURT R et al.fibre level and source on the concentration and cellulolytic activity of the intestinal microbiote of the pig J.Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science D O SHEA C J ALPINE P O M SOLAN P et al. The effect of protease and xylanase enzymes on growth performance nutrient digestibility and manure odour in grower-finisher pigs J. Animal Feed Science & Technology D the development of the gastrointestinal tract digestibility degree of fermentation in the hind-gut and energy metabolism in pigs J. British Journal of Nutrition REGMI P R FERGUSON N S ZIJLSTRA R T.In vitro digestibility techniques to predict apparent total tract energy digestibility of wheat in grower pigs J. Journal of Animal Science

9 Effects of Dietary Protein Levels and Fiber Sources on Characteristics of Cecal Fluid of Growing Pigs DANG Fangkun 1 ZHAO Feng 1* GAO Lixiang 2 GAO Qingtao 1 WANG Ya 1 ZHANG Hu 1 ZHAO Jiangtao 2 ZHANG Hongfu 1 WANG Jianbing 2 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Beijing China 2. G uangdong WENS Foodstuff Co. Ltd. Xinxing China Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein levels and fiber sources on the activities of digestive enzyme and hydrolytic ability of cecal fluid which will provide a reference for simulating large intestinal fluid of growing pigs. The experiment 1 was conducted on the influence of dietary protein levels the crude protein content in diets 1 and 2 was 19.03% and 13.96% respectively on the composition of cecal fluid of growing pigs. Using a completely randomized design 12 caecum-cannulated pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the body weight. Each group consisted of 6 replicates with 1 pig in each. There were 5 days of adaption period and 10 days of test period. After the experiment 1 and pigs were recovered for 10 days the experiment 2 used the similar experimental design as the experiment 1 and was conducted on the effects of dietary fiber sources corn-soybean hull diet for diet 3 and corn-wheat bran diet for diet 4 on the composition of cecal fluid of growing pigs. The experiment 3 was to study the effects of substrates and sources of cecal liquid on the amount of released reducing sugar. Four sources of cecal fluid prepared from pigs fed diets or 4 and eight sources of substrates including diets and two corn-soybean meal diets diets 5 and 6 as well as 2 sources of freeze-dried ileal digesta collected from the pigs fed diets 5 or 6 were used in a 4 8 factorial arrangement. Each treatment contained 5 replicates with 1 digestion tube in each. The results showed as follows 1 compared with low-protein diet high-protein diet significantly decreased the dry matter content in cecal digeta P 0.05 whereas the dietary protein level had no influence on the ph and activities of cellulase xylanase glucanase amylase neutral protease and acid protease in cecal fluid P > The source of dietary fiber didn t affect the dry matter content in cecal digesta ph and activities of cellulose xylanase glucanase amylase neutral protease and acid protease in cecal fluid P> The significant effect of source of cecal fluid and substrate as well as their interaction were observed on the amount of released reducing sugar P < Higher enzyme activity of cecal fluid or low fiber content of diet made more reducing sugar release in the in vitro digestion with cecal fluid. The activities of xylanase glucanase neutral protease and amylase significantly affected the digestive ability of cecal fluid to the diets. However the activities of xylanase and amylase significantly affected the digestive ability of cecal fluid to terminal ileal digesta. These results suggest that dietary nutrient levels do not affect the activities of 6 hydrolytic enzymes however the combination of small difference in activities of some hydrolytic enzymes leads to the differences in hydrolytic capacity of cecal fluid. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition Key words growing pig cecal digesta activities of digestive enzyme hydrolysis capacity * Corresponding author associate professor zsummit@ hotmail.com