Broiler Nutrition in Spain. April 2016

Transcription

1 Broiler Nutrition in Spain April 2016

2 Technical performance broilers per year Age Live weight, kg FCR Mortality, % Average Range

3 Feeding strategies Three and four phases feeding programmes Age, days Starter Grower Finisher Withdrawal 4 phases 0 7 to 16 8 to to to to 42 > 31 to 43 AME, kcal/kg phases 0 18 to to to 42 > 38 to 43 AME, kcal/kg

4 Feed form Starter: crumbles Grower and finisher: pellets mmø Pelleting temperatures ºC 4

5 Feeds Feed ingredients Ingredient National Imported Inclusion, % Cost¹, /t Corn Wheat (60) Barley Sorghum 40 n. a. Full fat soybean Soybean meal 47% Rapeseed meal Sunflower meal Pork lard Soybean oil Fish meal ¹ October,

6 Feeds Nutrients Nutrient Starter Grower Withdrawal AME, kcal/kg CP, g/kg dlys, g/kg dmet, g/kg dmet+cys, g/kg dthr, g/kg dtrp, g/kg Ca, g/kg avp, g/kg Na, g/kg Plus darg, dile, dval, dgly + Ser 6

7 Feeds Nutrients Nutrient Starter Grower Finisher Withdrawal AME, kcal/kg CP, g/kg dlys, g/kg dmet, g/kg dmet+cys, g/kg dthr, g/kg dtrp, g/kg Ca, g/kg avp, g/kg Na, g/kg

8 Vitamin supply (units/kg feed) Starter Grower Finisher Mean Range Mean Range Mean Range Vitamin A, MIU¹ Vitamin D3, MIU¹ Vitamin E, mg Menadione, mg Thiamine, mg Riboflavin, mg Vitamin B6, mg Vitamin B12, µg Niacin, mg Pantothenic acid, mg Folic acid, mg Biotin, mg Choline, mg ¹ EU Regulations Villamide and Fraga,

9 Trace elements supply (mg/kg feed) Trace element Starter Grower Finisher Limits Copper¹ Iodine Iron Manganese Molybdenum Selenium Zinc¹ ¹ Discussion about inclusion levels 9

10 Trace elements Increasing use of chelated trace minerals (Zn, Mn) More opportunities in the near future (2 4 years) Effect of chelated minerals on the performance of broiler chickens challenged with MAS and heat stress (Nutreco PRC, 2002) Treatment BW, 42 d ADFI FCR Mortality, % Control Chelated Zn¹ Chelated Mn¹ Chelated Zn+Mn¹ P > F ¹ Optimin Zn and Mn 10

11 Other additives Crystalline amino acids (lys, met, thr, trp, val, arg) Enzymes (solid and liquid): Xylanases Phytases Other: proteases, glucanases, amylases Betaine Heat stress (35 ºC) and betaine in broilers Betaine, g/kg feed Weight, day 40, g 2093 b 2116 ab 2158 a FCR 1.66 a 1.67 a 1.62 b Breast meat, % 17.4 b 18.2 a 18.3 a Nutreco PRC (2007) 11

12 Anticoccidials Widely used in broiler production, subject to rotations Chemical + ionophore Ionophore + chemical Only chemical Only ionophore Residual antibiotic effects (ionophores) Associated to a distribution responsible (no generics) Discussion about being considered feed additives Vaccines available, but not widely used (20%) No limits to feeding programmes No residues in thinned birds NE control under discussion 12

13 Anticoccidials Product Dose, mg/kg Withdrawal, days Na-monensin Decoquinate Robenidin HCl Na-lasalocid Narasin Na-salinomycin NH4-maduramycin 5 3 Diclazuril 1 0 Narasin+Nicarbacin Na-senduramycin Limit, year

14 Antibiotic growth promoters Banned since January 2006 Impaired performance (Santomá, 2006) Growth rate: 0 10% FCR: 0-5% Lower uniformity Increased production costs: /kg LW Increased incidence of digestive disorders (NE) Increased use of therapeutic antibiotics 14

15 Organic acids Preservative additives Strength Intestinal ph reduction Bacteriostatic effect in the gut Known since long ago and widely tested Weakness May reduce feed intake in healthy birds Product handling (corrosive, irritant, ) Premix stability High inclusion rates Price 15

16 Organic acids % improvement compared to a negative control in broilers (0 42 days) 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0-0,5-1 Average +1,7% LWG Average +0,8% FCR PRC PB94 PRC PB98 TN NL653 TN NL257 Nutreco PRC 16

17 log cfu/g Organic acids Salmonella colonization of the caecum at 14 and 20 days of life in chickens fed a diet supplemented with either organic acids (T2, T4, T5, T6), organic acids + plant extracts (T3) or other zoo technical additives (T7). Nutreco PRC, ,5 2 1,5 1 day 14 day 20 0, Treatment 17

18 Prebiotics (Special) feedstuffs Fructo-oligosaccharydes (FOS), mannan-oligosacharydes (MOS) and -D-glucans Strength FOS: Stimulate growth of beneficial micro flora Minimum dose 0.4% (Giggs y Jacob, 2005) More efficient combined with probiotics (Newman, 2005) MOS: Avoid adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to enterocite receptors Recommended dose % Wakeman (2005) average 44 trials: LWG + 1.8%, FCR -1.9% -D-glucans: stimulate immune response, increased IgA production 18

19 % improvement compared to negative control Prebiotics Effect of two types of glucans on the performance of MAS challenged broiler chickens (Nutreco PRC, 2001) Weakness 5 Quality control 4 Over stimulation of intestinal 3 micro flora days 0-42 days Impaired FCR (FOS) 1 Over stimulation of the immune response (β-d- 0-1 BG1 BG2 BG1 BG2 glucans) 19

20 Plant extracts / Essential oils Strength Organoleptic additives (easy registration: 75% of the registered additives in EU) Well accepted by consumers: natural additives Enhance digestibility and performance Different modes of action (antimicrobials, antioxidants, immune modulators, enhance enzyme production, ) May have synergistic effects Weakness Very specific mode of action Varying composition quality control Product handling (corrosive, irritants, volatility) High and expensive effective doses 20

21 Plant extracts / Essential oils % improvement respect negative control in MAS infected broilers (0-21 days) FI LWG FCR Exp. 1 Exp. 2 Exp. 3 Exp. 4 Exp. 5 Gutiérrez del Alamo et al. (2005) 21

22 Challenges: safety Regulation (EC) nº 646/2007 (June 12, 2007) Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium in broilers 22

23 National Programme for Salmonella Control 23

24 Challenges: gut health Performance Feed problems Intestinal Integrity Virus Coccidiosis Bacterial enteritis Costridial enteritis Disbacteriosis (non especific enteritis) Necrotic enteritis Colangiohepatitis 24

25 Quality Little environmental concern in the broiler industry, more important in the ruminant, swine and layer sectors Nitrogen and phosphorus emissions are growing attention litter disposal Directive 2007/43/EC (June 28, 2007) minimum orders for broiler protection and welfare Carcass quality 25

26 Traceability Hygiene Regulations Food Chain Report (FCR) Informe Cadena Alimentaria (ICA) 26

27 Safety Consumer perception Zoonoses Campylobacter jejuni Listeria monocytogenes 27

28 Thank you 28