Fusarium wilt of strawberry. Tom Gordon
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1 Fusarium wilt of strawberry Tom Gordon Department of Plant Pathology Collaborators: Oleg Daugovish Mark Bolda Steve Knapp Glenn Cole
2 Fusarium wilt Verticillium wilt Macrophomina crown rot
3 Fusarium wilt Verticillium wilt Macrophomina crown rot Fusarium oxysporum
4 Root cross section Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum
5 Xylem Root cross section Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum
6 Xylem Root cross section Spores carried upward in xylem vessels Fusarium oxysporum
7 Xylem Colonized vascular tissue Spores carried upward in xylem vessels
8 Colonized vascular tissue Spores carried upward in xylem vessels
9 Pathogen can enter crown directly
10 Photo credit: Steven Koike Macrophomina
11 Management Avoid introduction Soil on equipment Clean plants
12 Transmission of Fusarium to daughter plants
13 Transmission of Fusarium to daughter plants Inoculation Infected Remain vigorous
14 Albion
15 Albion
16 Albion
17 Albion Symptomless
18 Monterey Symptomless
19 San Andreas Percentage infected st stolon 1st daughter 2nd stolon 2nd daughter Generation
20 Infected daughter plants appear healthy
21 Transmission of Verticillium dahliae through stolons
22
23 Infected daughter plants Show no symptoms Disease may develop in fruit production field Prevention of infection in nurseries is critical
24 Management Avoid introduction Reduce inoculum levels in soil Pre-plant fumigation Flat fumigation to treat the entire field
25 Bed fumigation Incomplete treatment Mortality is not evenly distributed across beds
26 Crop rotation Inoculum levels decline when other crops are grown Rotation crops do not support pathogen development
27 Colonization of rotation crops
28 Colonization of rotation crops Broccoli Lettuce Spinach Cilantro Wheat Raspberry
29 Root tip Percentage of root tips infected
30 Percentage of root tips infected 25 Colonization of root tips (%) Broccoli Spinach Cilantro Wheat Lettuce Raspberry Albion Extent of colonization?
31 Pathogen biomass in root cortex 250 Colony forming units per gram Limited growth Cilantro Lettuce Broccoli Wheat Spinach Raspberry
32 Persistence in crop residue Pathogen biomass per unit weight of residue Amount of residue
33 Pathogen biomass (Colony forming units) F. o. fragariae in crop residue Growth on resistant strawberry Spinach Cilantro Lettuce Wheat Broccoli Albion San Andreas Raspberry Crop
34 Management Avoid introduction Reduce inoculum levels in soil Reduce efficacy of inoculum
35 The effect of soil ph on Fusarium Spore germination Growth Root infection
36 The effect of ph on spore germination Germination percentage ph 5 ph Time (hours)
37 The effect of ph on growth 9 8 ph 5 ph 7 Growth rate (mm/day) GL 1315 GL 1080 GL 1059 Isolate of F. o. fragariae
38 The effect of soil ph on root infection Proportion of root tips infected Acidified Albion Neutral San Andreas
39 Bacterial respiration is higher in neutral soils 0.12 Acidified Neutral 0.1 Microbial respiration Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Albion San Andreas
40 Fusarium oxysporum In soil fungi compete with bacteria ph near neutrality favors bacteria over fungi
41 Elevate microbial respiration Soil amendments That do not support pathogen growth
42 Anaerobic soil disinfestation Rice hulls at 9 tons per acre cool conditions Day/night = 77/64 F + 310%
43 Compost
44 Compost Survival of F. o. fragariae in soil
45 Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum Effect of blackberry pathogen on strawberry Albion Monterey San Andreas Portola Petaluma Blackberry
46 Susceptibility of strawberry to blackberry pathogen 1 5 scale 3
47 Susceptibility of strawberry to blackberry pathogen 1 5 scale Cultivar F. o. mori F. o. fragariae Albion Monterey San Andreas Portola Petaluma
48
49 Management Disease resistance
50 Three strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae
51 GL 1080 GL 1059 GL 1315 Genome sequenced F. o. fragariae F. o. fragariae F. o. fragariae
52 Multiple introductions
53 Naturally infested field
54 Susceptibility to Fusarium wilt Disease severity San Andreas Fronteras Festival Ventana Portola Petaluma Radiance Grenada Albion Monterey Sweet Ann
55 Susceptibility to Fusarium wilt San Andreas Portola Fronteras Highly resistant Ventana Resistant Monterey Albion Susceptible
56 Global occurrence of Fusarium wilt
57 Strain differences in the Fusarium wilt pathogen Yellows Collapse Independent origins
58 Pathogenicity of F. o. fragariae on San Andreas 6 5 Race 2 Disease severity Race 1 0 California Australia1 Australia2 Japan Korea Geographic origin of isolate
59 Identify genes for resistance to race 2
60 Management of soilborne pathogens Reduce inoculum levels Avoid introductions Disease resistance
61
62 Thanks
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