Effect of Zinc Toxicity on Liver Tissues and Some Biochemical Parameters of Fresh Water Fish Liza abu

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1 Effect of Zinc Toxicity on Liver Tissues and Some Biochemical Parameters of Fresh Water Fish Liza abu A. J. Hussein Colle. of Vet. Med./ Univ.of Al- Basrah Abstract This study was carried out on fresh water fish (Lisa abu) to determine the acute concentrations effects ( 0.0,.0,. ) mg/l on the liver tissue and some biochemical parameters, liver glycogen.the study showed that the values of blood glucose have a positive Correlation with concentrations of this metal, on the other hand the values of liver glycogen have a negative correlation. In addition to that, a histological response was observed in the liver tissue. Zinc is an essential heavy metal that is found is almost every cell, required for proper growth and development (, 2, and it is naturally detectable in every organ system, especially the prostate, liver, pancreas and kidney (3). Zinc is released into the environment primarily through mining sewage, treatment plants, solid waste disposed welling & electroplating process (4).It has significant role as an anti apoptotic agent in cell; also it is needed for DNA synthesis (), However, much more Fresh water fishes (Lisa abu) were collected from Garmatt-Ali River by cast seines and cast net. The size of fishes is around (9 +.) cm in length and (9 +.2) gm in weight. Fish were acclimatized for 2 weeks to laburatory condition in 40 liter plastic aquarium containing well aeroted tap water and they fed with commercial fish pellets during acclimations period. Fish were exposed to three concentrations of zinc (0.0,.0, and.) mg/l for periods (,,, and ) hrs of experimental time. Three replicate where used for each concentration and ten Fish was replaced for each replicate and control Blood were collected from caudal periduncle vein by using heparin containing syringes for determination of Statistical Analysis was used to know the significant difference between values of the control and treated fish RLSD Introduction Material and method Statistical Analysis is know about zinc effect on fresh water fish in liver cells & changing in glucose & glycogen concentration and using fish in laburatory condition (6,7, 8 and 9).Liver was found to be the best established moniter organ in fish (0 & ).Since zinc is a significant heavy metal, which can widely spread in water ecosystem with out any treating, so, this study aims to know the a cute levels of concentrations on liver tissue, blood glucose & liver glycogen. blood glucose level according to (2), liver is isolated from treated fish for evaluation of glycogen level for all treatment according to (3).After that, liver tissue from Treated and control fish were isolated and rinsed in physiological saline to remove debris and fixed in 0% formalin for hrs. Subsequently the tissues were washed in running tap water, dehydrated in alcohol, cleared in xylene and embedded in paraffin wax, depending on (4) in preparation tissues section. Sections of 6 were cut in rotary micro toms and stained by Hemtoxylin and eosin depending on Mayer method of () in order to observe histological changes in liver. (Revised least significant difference test was used (6).

2 Glucose Rates Results Determination of blood glucose The result (figur ) showed gradually Histological study Histological study of the liver (figure increasing concentrations of blood glucose 3) intreated (control) shows the of treated fish in comparison to control. parenchyma cells, arranged to form a lattic The result showed also that the net work, the interspaces are sinusoidal of concentrations (.0 and.) mg/l have more effect than control, they significant differences (P<0.0) during (,and ) hrs, while the first concentration has no significant differences than the control thin strip with sparse connective tissue, unlike in some mammals, the lobulation is not well delineated.hepatic tissue of treated specimens (fig 4) show hepatic cirrhosis as evident in the density of (P<0.0). fibrous connective tissue within and Determination of liver glycogen (Figure 2) showed clear decreasing in liver glycogen in treated fishes in comparison to those of control. The around the hepatic parenchyma, also figure revealed presence pyknosis is dark stain spots in liver cell characterized by nuclear shrinkage and increased basophilia (DNA statistical analysis showed significant condenses into a solid shrunken mass). differences in the concentrations (.0and.) mg/l treatment within (,and hrs), while lowest concentrations didn t show any significant differences only after hrs. Figure () showing severe congestion in liver cells, in addition to presence area lyses become degeneration of cells. Also (figure 6) illustrate necrosis in cords of livers cells. Table () Glucose level (Mg/L) in fish after exposure to different concentrations from Zinc control. Mg/l concentration.0 Mg/l concentration 0.0 Mg/l concentration hrs control 0.0 mg/l Exposure Time (hr.) Figure () Glucose level (Mg/L) in fish after exposure to different concentrations from Zinc

3 Glucose Rates Table (2) Liver Glycogen concentration (Mg/L) in fish after exposure to different concentrations from Zinc control. Mg/l concentration.0 Mg/l concentration 0.0 Mg/l concentration hrs control 0.0 mg/l Exposure Time (hr.) Figure (2) Liver Glycogen concentration (Mg/L) in fish after exposure to different concentrations from Zinc Figure (3) Liver tissue of untreated fish showing network of parenchyma cells (P) forming and irregular climb the delicate capsule is in distinct, sinusoid (S) and central vein (V) H&E 400X

4 Figure (4) liver tissue of treated fish showing hepatic cirrhosis (a), pyknosis (b) and acute necrosis of liver cells (c) H&E 3X Figure () Liver tissue of treated fish showing sever congestion of central vein (a), hemorrhage (b) and degenetation (c) H&E 3X Figure (6) Liver tissue of treated fish showing necrosis in Card in liver cells (a), degeneration in most of liver cells (b) H&E 3X 6

5 The present study (Figure ) showed gradually increasing concentrations of blood glucose level of the treated fish after (,, ) hrs for the concentrations (0.0,.0,.) mg/l, this increasing is due to glycolsis of stored glycogen in liver. (Figure 2) showed decreasing in glycogen level according to concentration of metal, this took place as response to stress and transformation to glucose for energy requirement, by animals, this result is in line with the result of (7) during the study on fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to mercury and zinc, they considered this result as general responses to the energy metabulism of liver. Al-Akel et,al (8) Showed that the increasing of glucose level is due to high secretion of hormones like catecholamines, glucocorticords and that lead to increasing. Torrance, A. and Fulton. R., (987). Zinc induced hemolytic anemia in a dog. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc; 9: Vallee, B.I., (99). Biochemistry, Physiology and Pathology of zinc, Physiol. Rev. 39, Meurs Km, Breitschiverdt EB, Baty CJ, young MA.,(99).Postsurgical mortality secondary to zinc toxicity in dogs. Vet. Hum. toxicol; 33, Talcott P, Peterson ME.(200). Zinc poisoning On: Small animal to toxicology.w.b. sannders, Philadelphia. PP Ma Sami; Ishado and manabu kunimoto(200). Regulation of cell fate By cadmium and zinc. Journal of Health Science. 47() Radhakrish naiah K, suresh A, sivaram akrishra B. (993). Effect of sublethal concentration of mercury and zinc on the energetics a fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Linnacus), 44(4): Discussion: References of glycolysis and this lead to high glucose level in blood. The histological changes in the liver which (7) also noted in their findings are related to the fact that liver play a key role in detoxification of toxic chemicals. Olojo etal (9) Observed cirrhosis as the out come of hepatocellular injury which is manifested by fibrosis of hepatic cards during study on liver tissue of the African cat fish Glarias gariopinus exposed to lead. This histological changes in liver cell, in addition to increasing in blood glucose and decreasing in liver glycogen toke place as response to the toxic effect of the chemical as well as might be related to this metabolic adaptation to polluted conditions, similar effects have been described by (20 & 2). 7. DameK-poprausa M,Sawicka-Kapasta K(2004). Histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and testes of bank voles environmentally exposed to heavy metal emissions from the steel works and zinc smelter in Poland. Environ Res. (): Wonig M.H.,Luk Kc., Choi, Ky.(977). The effects of zinc and copper salts on Cyprinus carpio and ctenopharyn Gadon idellus. Acta.Anat. (basel). 99(4): Kumar S. and Pant SC. (98). Histopathology is effects of acutely toxic levels of copper & zinc on gills, liver & kindney of puntius conchonius (ham.). Indian J. Exp Biol. 9(2):9/ Braunbeck, T. and Segnor, H. (992). Pre-exposure, temperature, acclimation and diet as modifying factors for the tolerance of Golden ide (leuciscus idus melanotus) to short time exposure to 4-chloroaniline. Eco

6 toxology and enveionmental safety,.,-94.. Braunbeck, T. and voiki, A. (993). Toxican induced alterations in fish liver as biomarkers of environmental pollution, a case study on Honhepatn cellalor effect, of dinitro cresol in golden ide(lenciscus idus melanotus). pp Varely, H.(980). Practical clinical Biochemistry 4 th (William, heinmaned.) medical books LTD. London. 3. Kemp, A. and Andrienne, J. M. k. V. A. (94). A calorimetric micro method for determination of glycogen in tissue Biochem. J., 6: Humason, G.L. (978). Animal tissue techniques Francisco; Freeman Company, 66pp.. Luna, L.G. (8). Manual of histologic staining methods of the armed forces institute of pathology, 3 rd. MCGraw Hillbook company, New York. USA. 6 (980) 7. Al- Kindi, A. Y. A.; Brown, J. A; waring, C.P, Collins, J.E (9). Endocrine, osmoregulatory respiratony and haematological parameters in flounder exposed to the water soluble fraction of crude oil J. Fish. BIO. 49(6): Al-Akel,A. and Shamsi, M. J. K(2000). A comparative study of the toxicity of lead and its impact on the carbohydrate metabulism and some haematological parameters of cichlid fish Greo. Chromisniloticus and cat fish Clarius garlepinus from Saudi Arabia toxicological environmental chemistry 74: Olojo, E,A. A., Olurin, K. B., MBAKA,G. and Oluwemimo, A. D. (200)histopathology of the gill and liver tissues of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to lead. Vol. 4().pp Harold Philip, P. K. Sriraman, and R. Ramamurthi (989). Histopathologycal changes in liver and kidney of Mus boodug a following oral benzenehexachloride (BHc)feeding. Bull. Environ, contam. Toxicol.42: Radhakrishnaiah K, Suresh A., Sivaramakrishna B.(993). Effect of sublethal concentration of mercury and zinc on the energetics of a fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus). Acta. Biol Hung:44(4): Lisa abu L. abu,,, (.,.0,0.0)