7. Rumen stops moving (becomes atonic). 8. Depresses appetite and production. 9. Lactic acidosis can cause Rumenitis, metabolic acidosis, lameness,

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3 WHATIS ACIDOSIS? 1. Acidity changes the rumen flora. 2. Acid-producing bacteria take over producing more acids. 3. Rumen ph falls to less than 5.5 (normal is 6.5 to 7.0). 4. Decreases rumen ph to non-physiological levels. 5. Weakening the buffering capacity of the rumen. 6. Reduces the efficiency of rumen flora and fermentation.

4 7. Rumen stops moving (becomes atonic). 8. Depresses appetite and production. 9. Lactic acidosis can cause Rumenitis, metabolic acidosis, lameness, hepatic abscesses pneumonia and death (Lean et al. 2001). 10. The over- produced acid gets absorbed through the rumen wall, causing metabolic acidosis, which in severe cases can lead to shock and death.

5 ACIDOSIS RUMEN VS HEALTHY RUMEN Effects of acidosis on the rumen Healthy rumen

6 RUMEN PH IS GOVERNED BY: Fermentation of carbohydrates which leads to the production of Volatile Fatty Acids. Removal of VFAs from the rumen through absorption in the rumen wall. Continuously addition of buffers into the rumen through saliva to control ph. Saliva Glands 150L 40L Roughage Grains & Concentrate

7 PHYSIOLOGY OF BUFFERING ACTION: Cows produce 10 to 32 L of saliva per kg DM (av. 8.2 L/kg DM) Factorsinfluencing saliva secretion are: a. The dry matter content of the feed. b. Forage intake. c. Forage particle size. Three primary sources of rumen buffers: 1. Buffernaturally occurring insaliva. 2. Buffering capacity of ingested feed. 3. Supplemented dietarybuffers.

8 RUMEN ACIDOSIS >>> lactic acid by lactobacilli bacteria <Fibre digestion and saliva production >>> lactic acid by lactobacilli bacteria >Organic acid production ACUTE ACIDOSIS <<Rumen ph SUBACUTE ACIDOSIS <<Rumen ph >>Lactic Acid >Growth of lactic acid bacteria (S bovis)

9 RUMEN MICROBIAL POPULATION AND PH Bacteria and archaea Primary substrate Optimum rumen ph Primary requirement Main fermentation products Microbial doubling times Bacteria C. aminophilum Allisonella histaminiformans S. bovis Secondary- M. elsdenii, Methanogens Protozoa Fungi Fibre and pectin Protein About 630 different bacteria (50% of microbial mass) 6.3to 6.8 NH 3, isoacids Acetate 8-10 h Histidine, peptides Histidine 4.5 to 6.5 Histamine Rapid from silage Starch and sugars Starch, sugars Protein, 6 to 7 NH, isoacids peptides, NH 4-8 h to 6.5 Propionate, lactate Peptides, AA, Lactic, H 2 6 to 6.8 Propionate, CH malic 4 About 30 different protozoa (40-45% microbial mass) 6.3 to 7.0 Peptides, AA, NH 3 Peptides, AA, bacteria Propionate, H 2 About types (3-8% microbial mass) m 2-4 h h Fibre 6 to 7 NH 3, AA, sugars lactate, acetate, H h Bacterial viruses (5-7 types and %tmm) Yeasts ( %TMM)

10 CLINICAL SIGNS Sub-acute acidosis: Reduced milk yield, starts with moderate decline, eventually a sudden drop. Reduced body condition and weight loss. Reduction in appetite (initially non-forage feeds). Mild to moderate diarrhea with temperature usually normal. Pulse rate and respiratory rate may rise, particularly if severe. Acute acidosis: Often resulting in death, is most commonly seen in barley beef animals where cattle have obtained access to excess feed. In dairy cattle, a milder form, sub-acute acidosis, is seen as a result of feeding increased concentrates compared to forage

11 QUALITIES OF A GOOD BUFFER Reduces acidic condition quickly, produced by the relatively high grain rations fed to dairy cows. Resists changes in rumen ph when high grain, low forage, fine-chopped and fermented forage (silage) are fed. Long-acting. Gives a natural effect.

12 BioBuffer is an organic feeds supplement rich in bio-available minerals. It is derived from calcified seaweeds naturally found in the Celtic seabed. BioBuffer is a strong alkaline buffer and Acts by slow-release of carbonated salts of Ca and Mg which are highly soluble. Composition : Lithothamnium calcareum 100% w/w Typical analysis- Calcium (Ca) % Insoluble in Hydrochloric acid... < 5% Magnesium (Mg) % Size µm

13 LITHOTHAMNIUM CALCAREUM Calciferous marine alga which has been totally protected from any kind of pollution. Grows in clear and not too deep waters (10 to 22 metres below sea level) in order to support photosynthesis, and without strong currents. Has the ability to crystallize on its thallus the minerals contained in sea water, primarily calcium but also a considerable amount of magnesium, sulphur and a wide range of trace elements. The impregnation of its walls by calcium and other minerals results in its hard coral like physical structure.

14 MACRO MINERALS Calcium and magnesium are two essential minerals required for dairy cows. The presence of highly available organic calcium and magnesium found in BIOBUFFER, assists in compensating for those minerals lost in milk production thereby avoiding a decrease in profitability. Magnesium and calcium in BIOBUFFER gives excellent protection against grass tetany. TRACE ELEMENTS BIOBUFFER contains more than 30 organic trace elements essential for: Proper digestion, metabolism and assimilation of feed. Assist in reinforcing the immune system and consequently. Allow a better resistance to infections and virus challenges.

15 RELATION BETWEEN HIGH SURFACE AREA, SOLUBILITY AND BUFFERING CAPACITY BIOBUFFER has a unique porous, honeycomb-like structure, quite different from inorganic calcium carbonate which has a compact crystalline structure. BIOBUFFER has a specific surface about 5.5 times higher than traditional calcium carbonates. This results in better absorption than conventional minerals so benefiting the animal to a greater extent. 1g of BIOBUFFER => surface area > 8 m² Through natural composition and microporous structure, BIOBUFFER can neutralize the acids resulting from the digestive mechanisms. More sustainable and stable rumen ph.

16 BUFFERING CAPACITY TO PREVENT ACIDOSIS. Fiber digesting bacteria growth is favored when rumen ph is between 6.0 and 6.8 while starch digesting bacteria growth is favored by a ph from 5.5 to 6.0. High producing cow must maintain a ph near 6.0 for optimal growth of both bacteria populations, resulting in a favorable VFA pattern and yield (Volatile Fatty Acids). Inclusion of BIOBUFFER prevents the decreased and eventual destruction of the rumen papillae due to long term acidosis, this can be an insidious process that causing reduction of the cow ability to perform at peak, costing the farmer money and destroying a valuable asset resulting from long-term acidosis.

17 CLINICAL STUDY A trial was done at the Stellenbosch University to determine the effect of BioBuffer (with or without additional MgO) versus sodium bicarbonate on rumen metabolism parameters in dairy cows. Category: Dairy cattle nutrition Subject: Evaluation of BioBuffer in dairy cows Scope: Rumen metabolism trial Title: Effect of BioBuffer on rumen metabolism in lactating dairy cows

18 FEEDING PROTOCOL

19 The effect of dietary BioBuffer on diurnal rumen ph in lactating cow

20 Effect of BioBuffer and NaHCO3 on rumen lactic acid concentration (mmoles per liter) in lactating Holstein receiving a high concentrate ration

21 Effect of BioBuffer and NaHCO3 on rumen NH3 concentration (mmoles per liter) in lactating Holstein cows receiving a high concentrate diet

22 IMPORTANCE OF BIOBUFFER (A MINETRAL COKTAIL)

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24 CONCLUSION

25 Important for functioning of immune system (Immunostimulant). Increases resistance to diseases Selenium, copper and zinc can enhance the function of several immune cells, including leucocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils (Sordillo et al., J. Dairy Sci. 80: ) Improves ovarian function and conception rate Improving the general conditions of the ruminal microflora Improves feed intake, FCR and digestibility (Kinal et al J. Food, Agri. Envir. 5: ) Enhances lipid metabolism, antioxidant activity and collagen formation

26 Effect of potassium buffers on feed intake in lactating dairy cows and on rumen fermentation in vivo and in vitro Cows fed potassium carbonate had higher milk fat percentage than cows fed sodium bicarbonate during the first comparison period and higher than controls during the second comparison period and produced more 3.5% fat-corrected milk and solids-corrected milk than cows fed sodium bicarbonate in both comparison periods. In three continuous culture in vitro trials, potassium carbonate maintained fermenter ph comparably to sodium bicarbonate, and total volatile fatty acid and acetate production were similar.

27 Indications : For maintaining optimum rumen ph, improving feed intake and digestion. Prevention and control of ruminal acidosis Improves milk production and Fat%. Providing additional Calcium and Magnesium, with other trace minerals. To improve general health condition and productivity of livestock. Supportive treatment during heat stress. Directions for usage: Dairy cow: 50 to 100 g per day in the mixed feed. Dry cow in transition: 40 to 50 g per day in the mixed feed. Sheep & Goat: 0.5% of the mixed feed.

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