What is GreenFeed? A portable baiting station that measures real-time CO 2 and CH 4
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3 What is GreenFeed? A portable baiting station that measures real-time CO 2 and CH 4 It communicates real-time over the internet, anywhere in the world to authorized users
4 GreenFeed System Air Flow Outlet CH 4 and CO 2 Sample Intake Fan Air flow Meter Feed Bin Tracer Air flow Nose Position Sensor/ RFID Reader Standard Tracer Release Tracer Release Points Sample Flow CH 4 and CO 2 Sensors 4
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8 Head position CO 2, g/d CH 4, g/d
9 Rumen CO 2 total quantity of FERMENTABLE MATERIAL DIGESTED daily in the rumen Lung CO 2 Quantify total ENERGY EXPENDITURE by the animal Junghans et al. (2007); Madsen et al. (2010) GreenFeed Quantify energy intake energy expenditure
10 Rumen-derived CO 2 Lung-derived CO 2
11 Caetano et al. 2017
12 Fasting heat production Caetano et al. 2017
13 THE APPLICATIONS ARE ENDLESS! GreenFeed machines can be used to estimate Energy Intake, Energy Expenditure, identifying cows with greater FEED EFFICIENCY
14 Michael Wilkes Research Associate
15 Condensed tannins Protect amino acids from ruminal microbes Reduce methane emissions Bloat control Anthelmintic effects Antioxidants Reproduction Essential oils Performance Reproduction Grape seeds and skins
16 Ensiled crimped grape marc (ECGM) Performance CH 4 emissions
17 Effect of grape marc on energy intake and performance 20 Angus steers 41 days Control 90% Chaff pellet 10% Oaten chaff ME = 9.5 MJ/kg of DM Protein = 7.7% Grape marc 60% Chaff pellet 10% Oaten chaff 30% Grape Marc
18 Fibre Composition of Grape Marc The inclusion of 30% grape marc reduced the energy availability Hemicellulose 8% Control Grape marc Final BW (kg) ADG (kg) DM intake (kg/day) Feed:Gain ratio Digestibility of DM (%) ME intake (MJ/day) CH 4 (g/day) CH 4 (g/kg ADG) Caetano et al Lignin 66% Indigestible Cellulose 26%
19 Effect of condensed tannins in grape marc to increase protein Grape marc Lucerne = 19% 0, 15 and 30% Oaten = 9% Condensed tannins + Roughage availability to the animal Tannins + Protein Rumen Degradable Protein Abomasum ph Tannins Protein Haylee A. Clifford Student scholarship: Australian Wool Education Trust John Ridley memorial 42 Merino ewes 90 days Clifford, Caetano and Hynd 2017 Journal of Animal Science under review
20 Wool growth, g/patch a 2.68 ab 2.45 b Grape marc level, % Grape marc in ruminant diets reduces protein availability to the animal Clifford, Caetano and Hynd 2017 Journal of Animal Science under review
21 Effect of grape marc on growth performance of Steers GRAPE MARC LEVELS LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM+B HIGH Straw (%) Grape marc (%) Barley, whole (%) Lupins, whole (%) Minerals + Rumensin (%) Urea (%) Oil (%) Bentonite (%)
22 60 Angus steers 56 days Inclusions up to 30% grape marc in a well formulated diet can provide cost-effective growth rates GRAPE MARC LEVELS LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM+B HIGH Initial BW (kg) Final BW (kg) ADG (kg) CH4 (g/day) CH4/ME intake (g/mj)
23 Using Grape Marc as a feed source Analysis of total ration quality, and in particular protein is a must Significant risk in low protein diets of tannins binding to protein. Spoilage during storage a risk to animal health and performance Ensiling is the best cure (but does add handling cost) Methane emissions per unit intake unaltered Up to 30% inclusion in cattle rations will not alter growth performance. Is it cost effective??
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25 Thank you for your attention!
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