Metabolism and Nutrition, Enzymes

Transcription

1 Metabolism and Nutrition, Enzymes 190 An evaluation of the effect of two sources of sodium and exogenous phytase supplementation on diet acid binding capacity, digesta ph and blood clinical chemistry in 22-day-old broiler chickens. S. Adedokun* 1, B. Bryson 1, and M. Bedford 2, 1 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 2 AB Vista, Marlborough, United Kingdom. The effect of 2 sources of dietary sodium (NaCl, 100% or NaCl (38%)+NaHCO 3, 62%) and 4 levels of supplemental phytase (0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 phytase units/kg; added to the NC diets) on acid binding capacity (ABC) of the diet and gizzard contents, digesta ph, and blood clinical chemistry was evaluated in 4 hundred and dold Cobb 500 male broiler chickens. Birds were randomly assigned to experimental diets in a RCBD with 6 replicate cages of 8 birds/cage. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of phytase supplementation within each Na source. Means across Na sources were compared using specific contrasts. The PC and NC diets (NC1, NaCl only; NC2, NaCl+NaHCO 3 ) contained 0.45 and 0.35% npp and 0.20 and 0.16% Na, respectively. The ABC of the NC1 diet was lower (P = 0.044; 366 vs. 405 meq/kg) than that of the PC diet. The ABC of the NC1 diet showed a tendency to be lower (P = 0.089; 366 vs. 398 meq/kg) than that of the NC2 diet. The ABC and buffering capacity (BufCap) of gizzard contents decreased linearly (P = 0.003) with increasing level of phytase supplementation (NaCl diets only). Excreta moisture content was higher (P = 0.012) by 3.5% in birds fed the NC2 vs NC1 diets. Sodium and Mg in gizzard contents were higher (P < 0.05) in birds on the NC2 diet compared with birds on the PC diet. Birds on the PC diet had heavier (P < 0.05) livers than those on the NC1 and NC2 diets but not different from birds on 2,000 phytase units. Liver weight increased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing level of phytase supplementation irrespective of the Na source. Jejunal (NaCl diets only) and ileal (both Na sources) digesta ph increased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing phytase supplementation. Blood alkaline phosphatase levels decreased linearly (P = 0.006) with increasing phytase supplementation in birds on diets with NaCl+NaHCO 3. Blood glucose level was higher (P = 0.020) in birds on NC2 diet compared with birds on the NC1 diet. Increasing level of phytase supplementation resulted in a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) irrespective of source of Na. Both linear and quadratic effects (P < 0.05) of phytase supplementation on P and Ca contents of the blood were observed irrespective of Na source. Results from this study shows that most of the differences observed for different Na sources could be as a result of their effects on ABC and BufCap of the diets as seen in the gizzard contents where there was a linear decrease (with increasing phytase dose) in the ABC and BufCap in birds on diets with only NaCl. Key Words: broiler, digesta ph, blood chemistry, sodium, phytase 191 Meta-analysis of phosphorus ileal digestibility in growing broilers: effect of dietary phosphorus, calcium and phytase supply. C. Couture* 1, R. Chiasson 1, A. Narcy 2, and M.-P. Montminy 1, 1 Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada, 2 UMRBOA, Nouzilly, France. A key element for sustainable poultry production system is the optimization of phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency. Optimizing P utilization requires improving our capacity to predict the amount of P absorbed and retained, taking into account the main modulating factors, and a precise determination of P requirements. Given the recent consensus of expressing P availability in poultry as ileal digestible P, published data are now numerous. A meta-analysis was therefore performed to quantify the impact of the dietary forms of P (Non-Phytate P (NPP) and phytate P (PP)), of the amount of dietary calcium (Ca) and of exogenous phytase on P apparent ileal digestibility in growing broilers. A database of 77 publications, reporting 112 trials and 693 treatments was used. Dietary forms of P, namely PP, NPP from plant, from mineral, ans from animal were recalculated based on feedstuff tables. Multiple linear regression models predicting the digestible P (Total P Apparent Ileal Digestibility coefficient, g/kg) with the experiment as random effect showed that without phytase, the AID was higher in NPP from plant (0.75), followed by NPP from monocalcium phosphate (0.69), from animal origin (0.66), from dicalcium phosphate (0.55) and from Phytic P (0.53) (P < 0.001; R 2 = 0.94)). The inherent capacity of broilers to digest PP, however, showed a linear decrease with increasing dietary Ca (Ca PP, P < 0.001). When expressing NPP as the sum of plant, mineral and animal it showed a linear and quadratic effect on digestible P (P < 0.001) indicating that a plateau is reached. In the overall database, dietary Ca as a negative effect on both NPP (Ca NPP, P < 0.001) and PP (Ca PP, P = 0.03). The increase in digestible P with the addition of microbial phytase (PhytM) was curvilinear (P < 0.001) and showed a higher effect and a more linear response in low than in high Ca diet (PhytM Ca and PhytM PhytM Ca, P < 0.001). The response of digestible P to PhytM also depends on the amount of substrate (PhytM PP, P < 0.001). These interactions showed that phytase efficiency is higher in high PP and low Ca diets. This meta-analysis improves our understanding of P digestive utilization, with major modulating factors taken into account. The information generated will be useful for the development of robust models to formulate environmentally friendly diets for growing broilers. Key Words: phosphorus, digestibility, calcium, phytase, broilers 192 Energy-releasing efficacy of a 6-phytase, Natuphos E, on turkey performance compared with fat reduction in corn soy diets. M. Coelho*, R. Jones, and F. Parks, BASF Corporation, Humble, TX. Recent studies demonstrated that higher doses of phytase can break down most of the phytic acid and release energy from the inositol ring. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the metabolizable energy (ME)-releasing efficacy of a 6-phytase, Natuphos E, on turkey performance compared with fat in corn soy diets. A total of 1050 oneday old BUT big 6 turkey toms were randomly allocated into 7 dietary treatments with 10 replicates and 15 birds each replicate and P < 0.05 was used to determine the level of significance. Dietary treatments consisted of positive control (PC) with all nutrients meet or exceed BUT big 6 turkey tom nutrition manuals; NC1 = PC- 0.17% Calcium (Ca), % non-phytate phosphorus (npp), 100 kcal/kg, NC2 = PC- 0.17% Ca, % npp, 200 kcal/kg and NC3 = PC- 0.17% Ca, % npp, 300 kcal/kg and phytase treatments were NC1+1000, NC and NC FTU/kg. Feed intake, body weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded at wk 3, 6, 9, 12, 16 and 20. Data were subjected to Duncan s Multiple Range Test. For the results, wk 20 body weight was , , , , , and kg, respectively; FCR was 2.450, 2.487, 2.556, 2.608, 2.422, 2.453, 2.430, respectively. NC1, NC2 and NC3 decreased (P < 0.05) body weight and increased (P < 0.05) FCR compared with PC. 81

2 NC1+1000, NC and NC FTU/kg Natuphos E, increased (P < 0.05) body weight and body weight gain, and decreased (P < 0.05) FCR compared with the NC1, NC2 and NC3, respectively. Body weight, body weight gain and FCR of NC1+1000, NC and NC FTU/kg treatment was equal (P < 0.05) to PC at wk 3, 6, 9, 12, 16 and 20. In conclusion, 1000, 2000 and 3000 FTU/kg phytase, Natuphos E, compensated, performance wise, for the reduction of 100, 200 and 300 kcal/kg, respectively, and met or exceeded (P < 0.05) the body weight, body weight gain and FCR of the PC. Supplementation of 3000 FTU/ kg Natuphos E could compensate, performance wise, the reduction of 0.18% calcium, 0.15% available phosphorus, 0.02% sodium and 300 kcal/kg metabolizable energy in the diet. Key Words: phytase, metablizable energy, performance, turkeys, fat 193 Evaluation of the nutritional potential of a global enzyme solution based on a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex in laying hens. A. Bello* 1, M. Jlali 1, C. Deschamps 1, M. Ceccantini 2, R. Shirley 3, L. Jeay 4, and A. Preynat 1, 1 Adisseo France S.A.S, Malicorne, France, 2 Adisseo France S.A.S, Antony, France, 3 Adisseo USA, Atlanta, GA, 4 Neovia, Saint-Nolff, France. The nutritional value of enzyme is often determined by comparing the performance of laying hens fed nutrient-adequate diet (PC) to those fed nutrient-reduced diet (NC) with and without the enzyme supplementation. A new generation of global enzyme solution, which comprise of a multi-carbohydrase (rich in xylanases and arabinofuranosidases from Talaromyces versatilis) and a phytase (Buttiauxiella species-sourced, used at superdosing level) complex (MCPC) is proposed. In the current study, the nutritional value of the MCPC in laying hens was assessed with an NC diet reduced in ME by 4%, daa by 5%, and avp and Ca each by 0.23% point without and with the MCPC, which provides activities of 1,250 xylanase U, 860 β-glucanase U and phytase at 1,000 FTU/kg. A PC with 2,700 kcal/kg ME, 0.65% dlys, 0.35% avp, and 3.5% total Ca was also fed as one of the 3 experimental diets. Laying rate, egg mass, feed intake, FCR, and BW were measured and percentages of broken and abnormal eggs were determined in brown egg-layers (n = 1,080; 54 cages 3 diets) from 39 to 62 weeks of age (woa). A randomized complete block design was used in the experimental set-up and data analysis was performed using Proc. Mixed of SAS. The nutrient reduction in the NC diet did not adversely affect performance and egg quality parameters compared with PC from 39 to 62 woa, except for feed intake and BW. Feed intake was increased by 1.6% and BW was reduced by 3.4% for the NC hens compared with the PC hens (P 0.05). The MCPC completely alleviated the decreased BW of the NC hens to the similar level as the PC hens. The addition of MCPC improved laying rate, egg mass, and FCR by 2.8 ± 1.2% and the egg quality parameters by 19.8 ± 3.3% relative to both control diets (P 0.02). These results demonstrated that laying hens fed nutrient-reduced diets efficiently supported performance with decreased BW across the 39 to 62 woa. The decreased BW of NC hens may indicate loss of body reserve as muscle, fat, and structural bone tissues. The MCPC improved overall performance and egg quality with maintained BW relative to the PC, suggesting the efficacy of the enzymes to increase energy and nutrient availability and bioavailability to support a better productivity and body reserve in laying hens. Overall, the nutritional value of the global enzyme solution, which comprised of a multi-carbohydrases and a phytase, allow for significant reduction in feed cost with increased nutrient efficiency and maintenance laying hen performance, egg quality, and welfare. Key Words: egg, global enzyme solution, laying hen, nutrient, productivity 194 Evaluation of a new generation intrinsically heat-stable phytase at different levels of inclusion on performance and tibial ash contents of broiler chickens. S. Haldar* 1 and K. De 2, 1 Agrivet Consultancy P Ltd., Kolkata, India, 2 Novus Animal Nutrition (India), Kolkata, India. It is hypothesized that if the supply of phytate P is increased then the supplemental phytase should work more efficiently. An investigation was designed to ascertain the effects of an intrinsically thermostable phytase at 500, 750 and 1000 ftu/kg on the zoo-technical performance and tibia ash content of broiler chickens. The trial was conducted for a period of 38 d in an open housing system. A total of 900 Cobb400 mixed sex chicks were assigned to 6 treatments each with 6 pens (n = 25 chicks per pen, male to female ratio was kept at 50: 50 as far as possible). Diet was formulated as per industry standard. Control diet was without phytase. NC1 diet was fomulated to contain % Ca and Av P and the NC 2 diet was formulated to contain 0.19% Ca and Av P. The NC1 diet was supplemented with the phytase at 500 FTU/kg and the NC2 diet was supplemented with 750 FTU/kg and 1000 FTU/ kg of the same phytase. Live weight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency was recorded at 14th, 28th and 38th day. Left tibia was collected at 21 and 38 d and analyzed for total ash by ignitiona method. The data were analyzed according to GLM by one way ANOVA. Means were seperated by Tukey s B test when found significant (P < 0.05). The dose response of the incremental levels of phytase was determined by applying polynomial contrast. Both negative groups (T2 and T3) had lower body weight and FCR than the control group.at 14 d T5 showed better BW and FCR (P < ) and T4 matched the BW and FCR compared with the control group; while the highest level of phytase at T6 did not show benefits compared with lower doses. Later, at 28 and 38 d of age T4 and T5 have same BW (P > 0.05) and the FCR didn t show any significant result while the highest level of phytase at T6 didn t show benefits compare with lower dose. Tibia ash content was numerically lower in the NC-1 and NC-2 groups as compared with the rest of the treatment groups at 21-d of age (P > 0.05). At 38-d of age tibia ash content in T3 was reduced, T4 and T5 had better values than each negative group but only the T6 had same values as the control feed (P < ). It was concluded from the present study that Intrinsically heat stable Phytase at 500 FTU showed optimum performance for the reduction of 0.17 available P, at 750 FTU/kg showed optimum performance for the reduction of 0.19 available P and at 1000 FTU/kg showed same tibia ash as the control group. Key Words: broiler, performance, non-phytate phosphorus, phytase, tibia ash 195 Effect of two limestone sources on ileal IP6, tibia ash and performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with two phytases. Y. Dersjant-Li* 1, R. Davin 2, T. Christensen 3, and C. Kwakernaak 2, 1 DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, United Kingdom, 2 Schothorst Feed Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands, 3 Nutrition Biosciences ApS, DuPont IB, Brabrand, Denmark. The effect of 2 limestone sources on the efficacy of 2 phytase products was evaluated in broilers during 0 21d of age. The limestone sources were a coarse (75% between 0.3 and 0.6 mm; Ca = 37.4%) and a fine limestone (<0.09 mm; Ca = 38.3%), with in vitro Ca solubility of 26 vs. 100% respectively after 30 min at ph 3. For each limestone source, positive control (PC) starter (0 10 d) and grower (10 21 d) diets were formulated (Aviagen specifications NL, 2014). Four test diets were formulated with reduced P (0.189%), retainable P (0.159%), Ca (0.199%) and Na (0.04%) contents only by exchange of MCP-P, lime- 82

3 stone, salt and diamol vs PC and supplemented with 500 or 1000 FTU/ kg of either a Buttiauxella phytase (PhyB500 or PhyB1000) or E. coli phytase (PhyE500 or PhyE1000). Each treatment (10) had 8 replicates (30 Ross 308 male broilers/pen). Pelleted diets (based on corn/sbm/ rapeseed meal/sunflower meal) and water were provided ad libitum. At 21 d, the left tibia bone was collected from 4 birds per pen and pooled per pen to measure defatted tibia ash. Ileal digesta were collected from 12 birds per pen, pooled for phytate P (IP6) analysis. BWG, FI, FCR were determined per phase and for overall 0 21d. Data were analyzed based on a 2x5 (with PC) and 2x2x2 (without PC) factorial arrangement using JMP 11 (P 0.05 considered as significant). Coarse limestone improved (P < 0.05) FI (1320 vs 1295g) and BWG (1079 vs 1056g) during 0 21d and FCR during 0 10d (1.08 vs 1.09). A limestone diet interaction (P < 0.05) was found for FI, BWG and FCR during 11 21d, and for FI and BWG during 0 21d, as PhyE500, PhyE1000 and PhyB500 performed worse when provided with fine limestone. Tibia ash and ileal IP6 content were not affected by limestone source. Across limestone sources, during 0 21d, PhyB1000 showed the best (P < 0.001) BWG, FI, FCR, tibia ash and lowest ileal IP6 content compared with other phytase treatments (1089c, 1070b, 1088c, 1031a, 1059b g for BWG; 1355c, 1306b, 1325c, 1268a, 1303b g for FI; 1.225bc, 1.221ab, 1.219a, 1.23c, 1.23c for FCR; 508d, 502bc, 505cd, 482a, 498b g/kg DM for tibia ash; 3.54a, 1.07d, 0.43e, 2.03b, 1.42c %DM for ileal IP6 content, respectively for PC, PhyB500, PhyB1000, PhyE500, PhyE1000). The IP6 reduction vs PC was 70, 88, 43 and 60% respectively for PhyB500, PhyB1000, PhyE500, PhyE1000 (P < 0.001). Across doses and excluding PC, a limestone and phytase interaction (P < 0.05) was found for 0 21d BWG, where fine limestone reduced BWG by 3.3% for PhyE and by 1.2% for PhyB. PhyB had lower ileal IP6 content than PhyE (0.75 vs 1.73% DM). In conclusion, PhyB showed a higher efficacy and was less impacted by soluble Ca than PhyE, this is most likely due to a higher IP6 degradation rate. Key Words: limestone particle size, Ca solubility, phytase, broiler, ileal IP6 content 196 Effects of various concentrations of phytase on the performance and bone ash, of 14-day old broilers. N. Barrett*, N. Lee, and M. Persia, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. Grains typically fed to broiler chickens contain phosphorus in a nonbioavailable form known as phytate. The addition of phytase enzymes to the diet have been used to improve performance when broilers are fed a diet low in non-phytate phosphorus (npp). The current experiment was designed to determine the effects of high concentration phytase feeding on the performance and bone ash of 14-d old broiler chicks fed low npp diets. Four treatments were used in the experiment, consisting of 10 replicate groups of 21 chicks resulting in a total of 840 Hubbard Ross 708 chicks. The treatment groups consisted of a positive control (PC) which received inorganic phosphorus (0.45% npp), a negative control (NC) with 0.33% npp, the NC plus 4000 FTU of a fungal phytase, and the NC plus 10,000 FTU of phytase (DSM, Parsippany, NJ). Body weight gain (BWG: g/chick) and feed efficiency (g gain/kg feed intake) over the 14 d period were calculated. At the end of the 14 d period, 5 chicks per pen were euthanized and the right tibia was analyzed for tibia ash (g/ bird). All data were analyzed using ANOVA and a Fisher s LSD test to separate means (P 0.05). Initial body weights were similar (43.3g/chick among treatments (P = 0.31). Birds fed the NC diets resulted in BWG of 348.8g, lower than the PC fed birds (363.1g; P 0.05). The addition of 4,000 and 10,000 FTU of phytase to the NC fed birds resulted in BWG of and 378.1g, respectively. The 10,000 FTU fed birds resulted in increased BWG (P 0.05), although the 4,000 FTU fed birds were intermediate between the PC and 10,000 FTU fed birds. There was a trend of increased feed efficiency (P = 0.07) with the addition of 4,000 and 10,000 FTU of phytase over both the PC and NC fed birds. Contrary to BWG, tibia ash weight was highest for the PC fed birds (1.9g), lowest for the NC fed birds (1.6g) and intermediate for the phytase fed birds (1.7g) (P 0.05). These data suggest the inclusion of phytase at higher concentrations could further improve the performance of broiler chickens fed low npp diets, regardless of phosphorus status of the birds. Key Words: High phytase feeding, broiler, performance, bone ash 197 Effects of a global enzyme solution on growth performance, carcass and tibia characteristics in broilers fed cornwheat-soybean based diets reduced in metabolizable energy and nutrients at 42 days of age. M. Jlali* 1, A. Bello 1, M. Ceccantini 4, D. Moore 2, R. Shirley 3, and A. Preynat 1, 1 Adisseo France S.A.S, Malicorne, France, 2 Colorado Quality Research, Wellington, CO, 3 Adisseo USA, Atlanta, GA, 4 Adisseo France S.A.S, Antony, France. To evaluate the potential of exogenous enzymes, it is common to reduce the nutrient level of the feed and compare the performance without and with the enzyme solution in comparison to a control diet. The present study evaluated the potential of a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) to compensate drastic nutrient reductions through evaluation of growth performance, carcass and tibia characteristics. Male Cobb 500 broilers (n = 1,020; 17 birds 60 pens) were fed a common corn-based diet from 1 to 10 d and were randomly distributed to one of 5 experimental diets from 11 to 42 d of age. The diets were an adequate positive control (PC) diet and 2 negative control diets, each without (NC1 and NC2) or with the MCPC (1,250 xylanase U, 860 b-glucanase U and 1,000 FTU/kg diet). Relative to the PC, the NC1 and NC2 were similarly reduced in avp by 0.18% unit and in Ca by 0.16% unit, and were differently reduced in ME and daa each by 5% or 7%, respectively. Growth performance (BW, BWG, FI, and FCR) were measured from 0 to 42 d of age. On d 42, 8 randomly selected birds per pen were weighed and processed for carcass yield. Also, one randomly picked bird per pen was euthanized for tibia excision. Data were analyzed using Proc GLM of SAS 9.4. Final BW, BWG d, carcass, breast, and leg weights, tibia mineralization and strength were significantly reduced (P < ) with the lower nutrient specifications (NC1 and NC2) in comparison with the PC diet. However, severe ME and nutrient reduction (NC2) significantly increased (P < ) the FI and BWG without an improvement for FCR in comparison with birds fed NC1. The supplementation of both NC1 and NC2 diets with MCPC completely recovered (P > 0.75) the adverse effects of the significant reductions in energy and nutrients on growth performance (+0.1% to +0.3%), carcass (+0.6% to +0.9%), breast meat (+0.6% to +3.7%) and leg (+1.1% to +0.2%) weights of chickens relative to those fed PC diet. In addition, the tibia ash, calcium and phosphorus contents as well as tibia breaking strength in broilers fed NC diets supplemented with MCPC were fully recovered (P > 0.70) to the same levels as in birds fed PC diet. This study demonstrated that use of the MCPC containing a multicarbohydrase rich in xylanase, b-glucanase, and arabinofuranosidase combined with 1000 FTU of phytase allowed to recover the performance, carcass and tibia characteristics up to 7% ME, 7% daa, 0.18% unit AvP, and 0.16% Ca. Hence, the global enzyme solution could be an effective mean of increasing the profitability of the poultry industries by reducing the costs of meat production. Key Words: broiler, carcass, global enzyme solution, mineralization, performance 83

4 198 Exogenous α-amylase supplementation reduces the variability of ileal digestible energy in broiler chickens fed diets with corn batches of variable protein solubility. L. Romero* 1, J. Sorbara 1, A. Cowieson 1, H. Liu 2, S. Wang 2, J. Wu 2, and A. Kluenter 1, 1 DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland, 2 DSM Nutritional Products, Bazhou, China. This study evaluated the relationship between salt-soluble protein (SSP) of corn and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of complete diets in response to exogenous α-amylase supplementation in broiler chickens. Samples of 12 corn batches originating from the mid-north and northeast of China were analyzed for SSP. Six of the 12 sources of corn with a wide variation of SSP (21.1% to > 50%) were selected. Six corn-soybean-meal-based diets were formulated, including each batch of corn with or without the addition of α-amylase (Ronozyme HiStarch; DSM Nutritional Products). A total of 960 d old male Arbor Acres Plus broiler chickens with 8 replicates per treatment were randomly allocated to wired cages and fed experimental diets in 2 phases (d 0 14; d 14 28). At d 28, 4 birds selected from each cage were euthanized for evaluation of AID of starch and energy. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and the model included the effects of corn batch, α-amylase supplementation and their interaction. Significance was evaluated at P < The addition of α-amylase reduced the FCR of chickens from 0 to 28 d (1.406 vs ) compared with the basal diets across corn batches, particularly from 0 to 7 d (1.049 vs ). An interaction between corn batch and α-amylase supplementation on FCR was detected only at 7 d, when the batch with the lowest SPP exhibited the greatest response to α-amylase. Neither a main effect of α-amylase nor an interaction with corn batch on AID of starch were detected (P > 0.05). Nonetheless, α-amylase supplementation increased ileal digestible energy (IDE) of diets from 2,915 to 2,986 kcal/kg DM across corn batches. Those increments were mainly driven by the corn batch with the lowest SSP. α-amylase supplementation reduced the variability of IDE from a CV = 5.2% to a CV = 0.7% across corn batches. Interestingly, there was a strong negative correlation (r < 0.95) between the initial IDE of corn and the IDE response to α-amylase, and a less strong correlation between SSP and the IDE response to α-amylase (r = 0.54). Dietary α-amylase supplementation has the potential to significantly reduce the variability in the energy value of corn-based diets in commercial poultry production by improving the nutritional value of poorly digestible corn. Key Words: amylase, broiler, corn, salt soluble protein, energy 199 The benefits of using digestible AA and metabolizable energy matrix values in addition to P and Ca in broiler diets. Y. Dersjant-Li*, M. Hruby, E. White, R. Hardy, and C. Evans, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, United Kingdom. A phytase that is highly active in the upper GIT of poultry will break down phytate quickly and more completely. Such a phytase releases P from phytate and reduces the anti-nutritional effects of phytate, contributing to dig AA and energy. This study evaluated the possibility of applying dig AA, ME, Ca, dig P and Na matrix values in broilers. A meta-analysis was done using 2 sets of data: 1) Data collected from 6 trials containing: positive control (PC), negative control 1 (NC1) and NC1+500 FTU/kg of Buttiauxella phytase (NC1+500FTU). NC1 and NC1+500FTU had an average reduction of 0.13% dig P, 0.16% available P, 0.16% Ca, 0.03% dig Lys and 65 kcal/kg ME, and up to 0.03% Na vs. respective PC. 2) Data collected from 3 trials with 3 treatments: PC, negative control 2 (NC2) and NC FTU/kg of Buttiauxella phytase (NC2+1000FTU). NC2 and NC2+1000FTU had an average reduction of 0.15% dig P, 0.18% available P, 0.16% Ca, 0.04% dig Lys and 71 kcal/kg ME, and up to 0.04% Na vs. respective PC. Treatment 84 means were compared by Tukey s HSD using JMP 11 (trial as a random effect). The trials were conducted in various regions globally including a semi-commercial scale trial with 700 birds/pen. The PC was formulated based on the industry standards, meeting the minimum requirements of broilers. Diets were mainly based on corn and SBM in pellet or mash form. The average Ca and dig P levels in PC diets were 0.96 and 0.42 in starter (0 10d), 0.87 and 0.38 in grower (11 21d) and 0.78 and 0.34% in finisher (22 42d), respectively. The average ME and dig Lys levels in PC diets were 2976 and 1.22 in starter, 3068 and 1.09 in grower and 3144 kcal/kg and 0.93% in finisher, respectively. For all phases, NC1 showed reduced (P < 0.05) ADG and increased FCR vs PC, FI was not affected. NC1+500FTU maintained the same performance vs PC (final BW of 2739, 2976 and 2966g; 0 42d FCR of 1.78, 1.65 and 1.66 respectively for NC1, NC1+500FTU and PC). At d 21, NC2 had 235g lower BW vs PC, while NC2+1000FTU improved BW vs PC (P < ; 785, 1046 and 1020g for NC2, NC2+1000FTU and PC, respectively). NC2 had consistently lower (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI and higher FCR in all phases vs PC. NC2+1000FTU had the same performance compared with PC (final BW of 2290, 2832 and 2836g for NC2, NC2+1000FTU and PC, respectively). Data supports the use of dose-dependent AA and ME matrix values in addition to the mineral matrix while maintaining performance at the level of PC when phytase is included at 500 or 1000 FTU/kg of feed in their respective NC diets. Applying Ca, P, AA, ME and Na matrix would result in higher feed cost savings for the producer than limiting the matrix application to minerals only without impacting negatively a flock performance. Key Words: phytase, broiler, digestible AA matrix, metabolizable energy matrix, performance 200 A global enzyme solution allows to significantly reduce metabolizable energy and nutrients while maintaining growth performance and carcass characteristics in wheat-soybean fed turkey poults. M. Jlali* 1, A. Bello 1, C. Picart 2, M. Ceccantini 3, R. Shirley 4, and A. Preynat 1, 1 Adisseo France S.A.S, Malicorne, France, 2 Neovia, Saint-Nolff, France, 3 Adisseo France S.A.S, Antony, France, 4 Adisseo USA, Atlanta, GA. The objective of this study was to investigate if supplementation with a global enzyme solution combining a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) might alleviate the negative effects of energy (ME), digestible amino acid (daa) and mineral deficiency on performance and carcass characteristics in turkey poults from 1 to 120 d of age. The design for the current experiment included 3 dietary treatments with a positive control diet (PC), a negative control (NC) reduced in ME, daa, AvP, and Ca by 4%, 5%, 0.18% unit, and 0.16% unit, respectively, and a dietary treatment that included a MCPC containing xylanase, β-glucanase, and arabinofuranosidase combined with 1000 FTU of phytase in addition to the NC. Each treatment was assigned to 12 replicate pens with 20 birds each for a total of 720 turkey poults (Grade Maker). The diets were fed in 6 phases (1 to 21d, 22 to 42d, 43 to 63d, 64 to 84d, 85 to 105d, and 106 to 120d) according to the breeder recommendations. Body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were measured at the end of each phase, and body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. On d120, 5 randomly selected birds per pen (60 animals per treatment) were used for carcass yield determination. Data were analyzed using Proc GLM of SAS. The reduction in ME and nutrients in the NC diet led to a significant reduction in final BW and BWG ( 7.5%; P < ) and increased the FCR by 20 points (+8.4%; P < ) compared with the PC. Moreover, the carcass and breast yields were also degraded for birds fed NC by 1.4 and 4.5% units, respectively (P < ). The inclusion of MCPC in the NC

5 diet fully restore the BW, BWG, carcass and breast yields to the same levels as the turkey poults fed PC diet, and also significantly improved (P < ) the FCR compared with NC diet. The results demonstrate that MCPC used as a global enzyme solution has the capacity to restore the performance and carcass characteristics suggesting the possibility to lower feed cost by the reduction of energy, amino acids, calcium and phosphorus in the feed, while maintaining performance of turkey poults. Key Words: carcass, enzyme solution, performance, turkey 201 Effect of a NSPase enzyme, Natugrain TS, on feed passage rate, jejunum viscosity, energy release and performance on broilers fed corn/soy diets processed at variable conditions. M. Coelho* 1 and A. Troescher 2, 1 BASF Corporation, Humble, TX, 2 BASF SE, Lampertheim, Germany. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a NSPase, Natugrain TS (TS) on feed passage rate (FPR), jejunum viscosity, energy release and performance on broilers fed mash and pelleted corn/ soy diets processed at variable conditions for 21 d. A total of 960 male Cobb 500 broilers were used in a randomized complete block design (8 birds/cage 6 feed processing conditions 2 TS doses 10 replicates), and P < 0.05 was used to determine the level of significance. Feed processing conditions (FPC) were mash, pelleted at 70C, 78C, 81C, 89C and 94C at 45 s conditioning. Natugrain TS doses were 0 and 100 g/mt. Resistant starch (RS) and protein (RP) (assayed with enzymatic hydrolysis), Jejunum viscosity (with a Brookfield digital viscometer), feed passage rate (FPR) (with fluorescent marker), apparent ileal digestibility of energy (IDE) (with a TiO 2 marker) and bird performance at 21 d were measured. Data were subjected to ANOVA and orthogonal contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic responses to feed processing conditions. Pelleting at 89 and 94C had higher (P < 0.05) RS than mash, 70, 78 and 81C (5 and 12% versus 2, 3, 3 and 4%). Pelleting at 89 and 94C had higher (P < 0.05) RP than mash, 70 and 78C (4 and 7% versus 1, 2 and 2%). Birds fed pelleted feed at 94C without TS had a higher (P < 0.05) jejunum viscosity (4.71 mpa.s) than mash, 79 and 78C (3.83, 3.91 and 3.97 mpa.s). Birds fed pelleted feed at 94C with TS had a higher (P < 0.05) jejunum viscosity (2.44 mpa.s) than mash, 70 and 78C (2.31, 2.38 and 2.36). The addition of TS at 100 g/ MT decreased (P < 0.05) the jejunum viscosity across FPC on avg. by 40%. Birds fed pelleted feed at 94C with TS had a lower (P < 0.05) FPR than birds fed mash and 70C. Birds fed pelleted feed at 89C with TS had a higher (P < 0.05) IDE than birds fed mash, 70, 78, 81 and 94C.TS decreased (P < 0.05) the FPR in all FPC. Birds fed pelleted feed at 89C without TS had a higher (P < 0.05) Weight gain (900g) than mash, 70, 78, 81 and 94C (837, 863, 878, 886 and 878g). Birds fed all FPC with TS had higher (P < 0.05) 0 21d weight gain versus birds fed processing conditions without TS. In summary, pelleting improved gut conditions and bird performance up to 89C, and Natugrain TS further improved gut conditions and bird performance. Key Words: NSPase, metabolizable energy, jejunum viscosity, feed passage rate, broilers 202 Response of broiler chickens to xylanase and butyrate supplementation. G. Gonzalez-Ortiz* 1, K. Vienola 2, S. Vartiainen 2, J. Apajalahti 2, and M. Bedford 1, 1 AB Vista, Marlborough, United Kingdom, 2 Alimetrics, Espoo, Finland. The application of carbohydrases in cereal-based poultry diets may contribute to the release of oligosaccharides in the gut, which may effectively work as prebiotics fermented to butyrate and improving animal performance. A 2 2 factorial experiment was used to evaluate the effect of xylanase and butyrate supplementation on performance, intestinal fermentation and histomorphology in broiler chickens. Three hundred eighty-four Ross 308 broiler chicks (1-day-old) were allocated to 4 experimental treatments: CTR (control diet), XYL (CTR diet supplemented with 16,000 BXU/kg of xylanase), BUT (CTR diet supplemented with 1 kg/t sodium butyrate) and XYL+BUT (CTR diet supplemented with both xylanase and butyrate). Each treatment had eight replicates of 12 animals. Starter and grower diets, based on wheat and soyabean meal, and water were available ad libitum. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were measured from 0 to 42 d and feed efficiency was corrected for mortality (FE). The profile of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and ceca digesta on d 21 and 42 were analysed. Villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD) and the villus to crypt (VH:CD) ratio from the ileal tissue on d42 were additionally evaluated. Statistical comparisons were performed using a two-way ANOVA (JMP Pro 12). Additionally the principal component analysis (PCA) of the SCFA was performed to determine the influence of the different factors (intestinal section and treatment). No interactions were observed in any of the parameters measured. Xylanase supplementation improved 42-d FE by 5 points (P = 0.006). The main effect of XYL was observed in the starter period, when BWG and FE were improved (P < 0.05). Butyrate reduced FI in the starter period (P = 0.034) leading to lower BWG (P = 0.018). Butyrate did not affect 42-d FE. No treatment effect was observed on any of the major SCFA profiles in any of the intestinal compartments measured on d 21, but on d 42, the butyric acid concentration in the duodenum was higher with the XYL+BUT diet (P < 0.05) compared to all the other treatments. Of the variability in SCFA across all the intestinal sections, 55% and 64% was mostly explained in the PCA 1, the intestinal region being the most important factor rather than the experimental treatments. XYL diet did not influence histomorphology but the VH:CD ratio was increased with BUT supplementation (8.7 vs. 10.1; P = 0.005). Supplementation of broiler diets with xylanase influenced performance, which may be due to a reduction in digesta viscosity, better utilization of nutrients and xylooligosaccharides release. Addition of butyrate increased the VH:CD ratio but did not support better performance. Key Words: xylanase, sodium butyrate, performance, histomorphology, fermentation 203 Effect of protexin with and without commercial enzyme on performance and mucosal enzyme activity of broilers duration starter period. F. Ahmadi* and K. M. Arabi, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of protexin with and without commercial enzyme on performance traits and mucosal enzyme activity of broilers duration starter period. A total of 160 male chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design (CRD), with 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 birds in each. The experimental treatments were T1) control (basal diet), T2) basal diet supplemented with 0.12 mg protexin/kg, T3) basal diet supplemented with 0.10 mg enzyme, and T4) basal diet supplemented with the combination of protexin and commercial enzyme with the mention level (the amount of protexin and enzyme selected based on company recommendation). Birds received as adlib to feed and water during the time of study. Live Body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded AT 7, 14, and 21 d of old. On d 21, 4 birds (one bird per replicate) were individually weighed and sacrificed. To evaluate the mucosal enzyme activity, removed segments of duodenum and jejunum of the small intestine and then stored in 80 C 85

6 until time of measuring ALP, amylase and lipase activity. Results indicated that the birds fed basal diet supplemented with combination enzyme and protexin (T 4 ) had higher LBW (P < 0.05) and lower FCR (P < 0.05) than control and other treatment. Also, the level of amylase and lipase activity improved (P < 0.05) in the birds that fed basal diet supplemented with protexin and enzyme in comparison with control. In conclusion, the results of the present research showed that the blend of protexin and enzyme could improve performance traits and increased level of mucosal enzymes at the duodenum and jejunum in the small intestine of broilers duration starter period. Key Words: broiler, performance, enzyme, mucosal 204 Effect of phytases on performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profiles of meat-type chickens fed low-density diets. Y. Attia* 1, F. Bovera 2, M. Al-Harthi 1, A. E.-R. T. El-Din 3, and W. Selim 3, 1 King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2 Universit of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy, Napoli, Italy, 3 Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt. The objective of this study was to study the impact of Aspergillus niger (AN) and E. coli phytase on performance and digestibility of nutrients of colored slow-growing meat type chickens fed diet containing submarginal protein and/or energy levels. A total of 420, day-old chicks were divided into 7 groups (5 replicates of 12 chicks/group). The control fed diets with the following crude protein (CP, %) and metabolisable energy (ME, kcal) contents in starter (1 35 d), grower (37 56 d) and finisher (57 64 d) periods: 21.2/2947; 19.6/3023; 18.0/3100. The 3 low-cp groups fed a diet with similar ME and lower ( 1%) CP; the low-cp unsupplemented group (low-cp_uns) fed the diets without supplementations; the low-cp phytase groups fed the low CP diet with 500 U/kg of an AN or 500 FTU/kg of an E. coli phytase. The other 3 groups fed a low CP and ME diet (low-cpme; 1% CP, 100 kcal than the control) and were supplemented as low-cp groups. Low-CP and low-cpme diets reduced (P < 0.01) feed and protein intake, protein and metabolizable energy conversion ratios than the control. The data were analyzed was 2-way factorial design (2 types of diets by 2 types of phytase besides the positive control). The results indicate that phytase reduced (P < 0.01) feed, protein and energy intake and E. coli phytase had a stronger (P < 0.01) effect than fungal. Low-CP and low-cpme diets reduced (P < 0.01) nitrogen in the excreta than the control. The use of phytases increased (P < 0.01) dry matter, crude fiber and CP digestibilities and ash retention. Excreta nitrogen was reduced (P < 0.01) due to use of phytases. Low-CP diet decreased (P < 0.01) the intestinal length than the control group. The use of phytases increased (P < 0.05) the abdominal fat and the levels of Ca and P (P < 0.01) in broiler plasma and decreased (P < 0.01) the blood cholesterol in comparison to the unsupplemented group. In conclusion, the use of phytase, independently from its source, allows reducing the protein and energy content of Ca and P adequate -diets for colored broilers and decreased nitrogen pollution. Key Words: phytase, protein, energy, growth, digestibility 86