Effect of rate and extent of starch digestion on broiler and laying hen performance
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1 Effect of rate and extent of starch digestion on broiler and laying hen performance E. Herwig, R. K. Savary, K. Schwean-Lardner and H. L. Classen University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
2 Background Starch is the most important energy source in poultry Factors affecting rate and extent of starch digestion include: Size of the granule Degree of crystallinity Amylose:amylopectin ratio Encapsulation (Parada & Aguilera, 2011)
3 Starch classification RDS SDS RS Jejunum Energy source for ileum Fermentation Ileum Nutrient sensing Post-absorptive effects RDS: Rapidly digested starch SDS: Slowly digested starch RS: Resistant Starch (Englyst & Hudson, 1996)
4 Energy source for ileum Normal Starch SDS L-Glutamate L-Glutamate L-Glutamate L-glu oxidation = Energy L-Glutamate L-glu + starch oxidation = Energy Theprojectopenwindow.com
5 Fermentation Protein Starch, fibre & sugar Microbial Fermentation Ammonia Volatile Fatty Acids Nocek & Russell, 1988; Sciencenews.org
6 Nutrient sensing Starch Inhibition Ileum Inhibition Nutrients E-dmj.org; youtube
7 Kidney Muscle Brain Glucose Adipose tissue Meal cv Intestine Engelking, 2011
8 Brain Kidney c v Muscle Glucose Intestine Adipose tissue
9 Glycemic index Plasma glucose RDS SDS Plasma insulin In Vitro In Vivo (Seal et al., 2003)
10 Poultry In vitro starch digestion (%) RDS SDS TIME (HR) Tapioca-Corn Pea-Corn (Weurding et al., 2003)
11 Feed:Gain (g/g) 1.63 Pea-Corn Tapioca-Corn Digestible lysine content (g/kg) (Weurding et al., 2003)
12 Objective To determine the effects of starch digestibility rate and extent on the performance of broiler chickens and laying hens using semi purified starch sources Hypothesis Slowly or poorly digestive starch will result in more feed efficient broiler and egg production
13 Broiler Production Trial
14 Materials Starch sources Starch (%) Moisture (%) CP (%) Fibre (%) Fat (%) Ash (%) Wheat Pea Wheat Starch + Pea Protein = Pea Starch Starter diet 0 SDS 20 SDS 40 SDS 60 SDS 80 SDS 100 SDS Wheat Starch Pea Starch Pea Protein Total starch
15 Methods 4500 Ross 308 broiler chickens 6 rooms of 12 floor pens/room (32 kg/m 2 ) RCBD: 6 diets x 2 gender blocked by room Total Males Females Total Duration: 31 days
16 Methods Data collection Dietary analysis Body weight Feed intake Mortality Meat yield SAS 9.3 Mixed model Regression analysis Significance level P < 0.05
17 Results In vitro digestibility (%) Time (min)
18 Body weight gain (kg) 0-31 d Ross 308 = Linear regression P = (Quadratic response approached significance P = )
19 Feed Intake (Kg) 0-31 d Male Ross 308 = Female Ross 308 = Males Females M: Linear regression P = (Quad. P = ) F: No regression
20 Quadratic regression P = Feed efficiency (G:Fm) 0-31 d Ross 308 =
21 Meat Yield
22 Meat Yield Live Weight Linear regression P =
23 Meat Yield Carcass weight (% of Live weight) Quadratic regression approaches signific. P=
24 Meat Yield Breast meat (% of Live weight) Linear regression P =
25 Meat Yield Breast skin (% of Live weight) Linear regression P =
26 Meat Yield Thigh meat (% of Live weight) Quadratic regression P =
27 Meat Yield Whole drum (% of Live weight) Quadratic regression P =
28 Meat Yield Drum skin (% of Live weight) Linear regression P =
29 Linear regression P = (Quad. Resp. approached significance P = ) Meat Yield Abdominal fat (% of Live weight)
30 Conclusion Low levels of SDS improved broiler performance Inclusion of SDS increased breast, thigh meat and whole drum yield Skin weight decreased as SDS inclusion increased Apparent shift in the allocation of resources from fat to muscle
31 Broilers vs. laying hens Age Development of digestive tract Microbial community Different feeding patterns
32 Laying Hen Production Trial
33 Materials & Methods 720 Lohmann LSL hens 26 weeks old Conventional cages (503 cm 2 /bird) Dietary treatments: 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 & 100 SDS Duration of the experiment: 20 weeks
34 Material & Methods Data collection Dietary analysis Feed intake Daily egg production Egg quality Body weight SAS 9.3 Mixed model Regression analysis Significance level P < 0.05
35 Body Weight (Kg) Lohmann LSL = Lohmann LSL = Quadratic regression P =
36 Feed intake (g/hen per day) Lohmann LSL = Linear regression P <
37 Total hen day production (%) Lohmann LSL = Linear regression P = (Quad. Reg. approached significance P = )
38 Egg weight (g) Lohmann LSL =
39 Specific gravity Quadratic regression P =
40 Egg cracks (%)
41 Egg mass (g/hen housed) Linear regression P =
42 Feed efficiency (Feed g/egg mass) Quadratic regression P =
43 Conclusions Intermediate levels of SDS improved egg production Quadratic response for FCR mostly related to increased feed intake at high SDS levels No effects of SDS on egg weight or quality
44 Take home message Incorporation of low levels of starch sources in chicken diets with lower digestion rates and extent of digestion may result in better chicken performance
45 Sponsors
46
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