Post-smolt welfare, performance and water quality in commercial scale, floating, semi-closed containment systems: Preline, Neptune and Eco-Cage.

Transcription

1 Post-smolt welfare, performance and water quality in commercial scale, floating, semi-closed containment systems: Preline, Neptune and Eco-Cage. Sigurd Handeland Senior scientist, prof. II

2 Production of av salmon and trout in Norway Status Norwegian aquaculture industry: fishfarms for trout and salmon in sea people working in aquaculture

3 Norwegian salmon production in the period Governmental report. 22 ( ) "The world's leading seafood nation" Estimate that Norway can produce 5 mill. ton salmon i x increase in biological production and 8x increase in the economical value creation Assumes a sustainable production with a low environmental foot print Envisioned value generation provided limiting factors for growth in the aquaculture value chain are addressed. Value estimates from Olafsen et al (2012)

4 Challenges related to continous growth in Norwegian aquaculture industry Sealice Typical newspaper articles : Escape s A report from Fiskeridirektoratet shows that the storm «Nina» caused an escape of salmon and trout in Hordaland in Aquaculture cause to a multiplication of sealice. 2. Salmonlice kill wild smolts. A biological, economical and public reputation challenge

5 What can we expect in the use of closed containment systems in the biological production of Atlantic salmon postsmolts? Protect against lice and algie Feed waste and firm can be collected Reduced risk of infection from neighbor sites Reduced risk of escape Stabile temperature will cause improved growth Question: Do closed containment systems have the same biological production potential as traditional open pen?

6 Annual seawater temperatures at different depths in fjords in Western Norway 18 (Data from , ref. IMR) Temperature ( o C) m 5m 10m 20m 30m 50m 75m 100m High risk of lice Optimal growth 2 Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sept Okt Nov Dec

7 Annual surface sea temperature (Western Norway) compared with optimized temperature (-10/50m) Temperatur ( o C) Apr Apr May May Jun Jun-13 8-Jul Jul-13 5-Aug Aug-13 2-Sep Sep Sep Oct Oct-13 Naturlig temperatur (5m) Optimalisert temperatur (10/50m) 0+, Post smolt 11-Nov Nov-13 9-Dec Dec-13 6-Jan Jan-14 3-Feb Feb-14 3-Mar Mar Mar Apr-14 Weight (gr) Open cage, -5m Closed containment system, 10/50m Can we expect to see the same results in large scale in the field? Five weeks growth gain in closed containment system 16-Sep 23-Sep 30-Sep 7-Oct 14-Oct 21-Oct 28-Oct 4-Nov 11-Nov 18-Nov 25-Nov 2-Dec 9-Dec 16-Dec 23-Dec 30-Dec 6-Jan 13-Jan 20-Jan 27-Jan 3-Feb 10-Feb 17-Feb 24-Feb 3-Mar 10-Mar 17-Mar 24-Mar 31-Mar 7-Apr 14-Apr

8 The Neptun tank (Marine Harvest) Volume: m 3 Material: Circular tank, GRP Site: Skånevik, W. Norway EcoMerd (Sulefisk) Volume: 5000 m 3 Material: Ferrari tarpauline Site: Sogn og Fjordane, W. Norway

9 Preline (Lerøy Seafood Group ASA) Volume: 2000 m 3 Material: PE, raceway Site: Samnanger, W. Norway Water from: 30 m Water flow: 400 m 3 /min Water current: 15 cm/s Water exchange rate: 6 min

10 Large scale postsmolt experiment (protocol) Semi closed facility + Control (open pen) Neptun; Two production cycles October EcoMerd; Two production cycles October 2015 Group size: Quality: 0+ smolt Initial size: 100 gr (final: 1000g) Growth period: weeks + Preline; Five production cycles November 2015 Samples collected in fresh water: Growth (length and weight), condition Gill tissue (NKA og gill metals) Fish health screening (11 pathgen) Welfare index (Fin status, cataract etc.) Water quality (Temp, CO 2, TAN, O 2 ) Samples collected in sea water: Growth (length and weight), condition, FCR Gill tissue (NKA og gill metals) Fish health screening, lice infection Welfare index (Fin status, cataract etc.) Mortality Water quality (Temp, CO 2, TAN, O 2, salinity)

11 Growth results field study Vekt (gr) Neptun: Ref: Neptun 936 gr 946 gr 31 weeks 35 weeks Temperatur, o C Molnes Referanse FCR (bio): Neptun : 0,95 Ref : 1,17 11 % improved FCR in closed system 0 13/10/13 22/11/13 01/01/14 10/02/14 22/03/14 01/05/14 10/06/14 20/07/ /10/13 22/11/13 01/01/14 10/02/14 22/03/14 01/05/14 10/06/14 20/07/14 Vekt (gr) EcoMerd 1015 gr 665 gr 26 weeks Vekt (gr) Preline 720 gr 570 gr 20 weeks FCR (bio): Preline :1.07 Ref. :1,24 14 % improved FCR in closed system Oct Nov-15 8-Dec Jan Dec-15 6-Feb Feb-16

12 Accumulated mortality Field study Akkumulert dødelighet (%) % Neptun 0.57 % -1 21/10/13 30/11/13 09/01/14 18/02/14 30/03/14 09/05/14 18/06/14 Akkumulert dødelighet (%) Ecomerd 1.29 % Akkumulert dødelighet (%) Oct Nov-15 Preline 8-Dec Jan Dec-15 6-Feb % 2.58 % 26-Feb-16 Low accumulated mortality in CCS

13 Salmon lice field study Number of mature lice per fish 1,0 1,0 1,0 0,9 0,8 Neptun 0,9 0,8 EcoMerd 0,9 0,8 Preline 0,7 0,7 0,7 Modne hunlus 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 Treshold value Modne hunlus 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 Modne hunlus 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0-0, , ,1 29-Oct-15 8-Dec Nov Jan Feb Dec-15 6-Feb-16 Salmon lice level below treshold value in CCS

14 Referanse Swimming behaviour Preline

15 Effect of training; Measurement of the white muscle cells (number and size, Sveier et al. 2015; Moe 2017) Histologi Collected white muscle fibres in trained (Preline) and untrained (ref) fish. Slide 1 Slide 2 In a pre-defined area (slide1), all fibres were measured for the greatest possible distance/diameter (slide 2).

16 Distribution of muscle fibre in trained and untrained groups of salmon Sveier et al 2015 Frequence (%) * 0-20 * *** Interval (μm) Moe 2017 Control Preline times higher frequency of small muscle fibres at the end of the post-smolt phase in trained group (Preline). Increased recruitment of small muscle fibres?

17 Prevalence Fish health; Results from the screeningprogram Mean ct values Preline "Control" SGPV = Salmonid gill poxvirus, ISAV = ILA virus, SAV = PD virus, PRV = Piscine reovirus, PMCV = Piscine myocarditis virus, IPNV = IPN virus, Ca. B.cyst. = Branchiomonas cysticola (epitheliocystis), PT = Paranucleospora theridion, P. sp. = Paramoeba perurans, I.sal. = Ichthyobodo salmonis, Tssu=Tetramitus sp. ELF = elongationfactor (Control gen, n=30) Ref: Are Nylund

18 Conclusions field study Question: Do closed containment systems have the same biological production potential as traditional open pen? 1. Good performance and high growth in semi-closed systems for fish up to 1 kg. 2. Survival above 98 % during the postsmolt phase. 3. Good fish health, but some lice infestation during the postsmolt phase. 4. Training may increase muscle cell recruitment. Answer: Yes, there is a potential

19 Thank you for your attention

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21 New strategies and technologies Technology of today LANDBASED SMOLT PROD. OPEN SYSTEMS (PEN) New Innovations I) LANDBASED SMOLT PROD. LANDBASED POSTSMOLT OPEN SYSTEMS (PEN) II) LANDBASED SMOLT PROD. CLOSED POSTSMOLT-PROD IN Sea OPEN SYSTEMS (PEN) III) LANDBASED SMOLT PROD. CLOSED PRODUCTION ON LAND OR IN SEA 0-80 g 80 g-1 kg 1-5 kg