PERFORMANCE AND INTESTINAL INTEGRITY OF BROILER CHICKENS BY SUPPLEMENTATION OF YEAST SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII THROUGH WATER

Transcription

1 PERFORMANCE AND INTESTINAL INTEGRITY OF BROILER CHICKENS BY SUPPLEMENTATION OF YEAST SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII THROUGH WATER K. Naga Raja Kumari * and T. Susmita Department of Poultry Science, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram , SVVU, Andhra Pradesh. Received : Accepted : ABSTRACT The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) on performance and intestinal integrity in broilers. A total of 300 day old Vencobb chicks were randomized in 5 groups, each with 6 replications (5x6) 10 birds per replicate. Groups provided with Sb ( cfu/kg) in 0,0.02,0.04,0.08 and 0.16 mg/l in D 1, D 2, D 3, D 4,D 5 respectively through water up to 42days of age with adlibitum iso nitrogenous and iso caloric ration. The results revealed, a significant (p<0.05) improvement in body weight gain, better FCR with increased concentration of Sb in water (D5). No significant variation was observed in feed intake with the level of Sb in water. Intestinal villus height, cryptal depth increased in groups with increased Sb. The results suggest that supplementation of Sb at 0.16mg/L through drinking water improved the performance of the broilers by increasing the absorption capacity in the gut. Key words: Broilers, Intestine, Performance, Saccharomyces Boulardii. INTRODUCTION Probiotics protect chickens against diseases by stimulating immune responses in poultry and thus reduce mortality percentage (Talebi et al., 2008; Redmond et al., 2010). Among the variety of organisms used as probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been the most common organisms (Yang et al., 2009).There are reports of evaluation of supplementation of Lactobacillus (Panda et al., 2006; Li et al., 2009) and Saccharmycoces (Kumpretchtova et al., 2000, Zang et al., 2005) either alone or in combination supplementation in feed (Khaksefidi and Rahimi, 2005, Singh et al., 2009; Chae et al., 2012) in broiler chicken. The potency of probiotic in prepared feeds is doubtful. Information on administration of Probiotics (daily addition through water) is scanty. Hence, the present study was under taken with the objective to investigate the effect of supplementation of Saccharomyces boulardii through water at different levels on the performance and intestinal integrity of broilers. * Corresponding author E mail : nkkallam3@gmail.com Ind. J. Vet. & Anim. Sci. Res., 43 (6) , November - December

2 400 MATERIALS AND METHODS Commercial day old vencobb chicks (n=300) were procured wing banded, weighed individually and randomly assigned to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 60 broilers with 6 replicates having 10 chicks each. The broilers were reared for a period of six weeks in battery brooders with provision of 23hrs lighting throughout the experimental period. The temperature was maintained at 34±1ÚC up to 7 days of the age and gradually reduced to 26±1ÚC by 21 days of age after which, chicks were maintained at room temperature. All the birds were kept under uniform management conditions throughout the experimental period. The birds were vaccinated against Mareks disease, New castle disease and Infectious bursal disease as per the routine vaccination schedule and Dose. Design : On 1 st day chicks were offered only crushed maize and Maize and SBM based isocaloric and iso nitrogenous diets containing 2950 and 3150kcal ME/kg and 22.5 and 19% CP for starter (1-21 d) and finisher (22-42 d) phases, respectively ad libitum from 2 nd day onwards as per the nutrient requirement as per NRC Composition and nutritive values of diets are shown in Table 1. Groups were provided with Sb ( cfu/kg) in 0,0.02,0.04,0.08 and 0.16 mg/l in D 1, D 2, D 3, D 4,D 5 respectively through water up to 42days of age. Birds were weighed at day one and at weekly interval. Feed consumption was recorded at weekly interval up to 6 th week. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated as the feed consumed in g/ body weight gain. Statistical analysis : The data were analyzed using general linear model procedure of Naga Raja Kumari and Susmita statistical Package for social sciences (SPSS)15 th version and comparison of means was done using Ducan s multiple range test (Duncan, 1955) and significance was considered at p<0.05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The impact of yeast Saccharomyces Boulardii supplementation on body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio on broiler chicks are shown in Table 1,2,3. Significantly higher body weights were noted in groups supplemented with higher levels of (D5) S.boulardii. In pre starter phase no significant variation in body weights, where as significant variation was observed from starter phase onwards. These were on par with Kumar et al., 2013 by incorporation of Lactiflora alone (@ 0.05%) or in combination with Sacchromyces cervacae (@ 0.05%) supplemented groups than control. Improvement in the growth performance and nutrient retention due to probiotics (Lactobacillus) supplementation has also been reported by Panda et al., 2006 and Talebi et al.,2008. Improvement in growth performances and nutrient retention due to supplementation of Saccharomyces confirmed by Kumpretchtova et al., 2000 and Zhang et al., Supplementation of probiotics (Lactobacillus, Saccaaromyces and Streptococcus) improved the performance in broiler chickens Khaksefidi and Rahimi 2005, Singh et al., 2009, Chae et al., Significant increase in live body weight of broilers in Probiotics (lactobacillus and Sb ) groups than control were observed by Alkhalf et al., 2010; Rajput et al., Ind. J. Vet. & Anim. Sci. Res., 43 (6) , November - December 2014

3 Performance and intestinal integrity of broiler chickens No significant variation was observed in feed intake. But numerically less amount of feed was consumed by the birds supplemented with Sb when compared to control. villus height in the jejunum and ileum width of villus, goblet cell number with linear increasing level of Sb in water. These were on par with Rajput et al., Feed conversion ratio was better in higher levels of Sb supplemented groups than control. This improvement in Body weight and FCR with supplementation of Sb might be due to maintenance of beneficial microbial population, improving feed utilization and digestion than altering bacterial metabolism. Mechanism by which the probiotics improve growth performance include reinforcement of intestinal mucosal integrity by stimulating enzymatic activities, improving epithelial cell integrity, increasing immune response and better utilization of the diet. Saccharomyces has shown an improvement at the bird performance and decreased mortaliy. This improvement may be related with the balanced microbial population in the gastrointestinal tract which has an important role in the health and performance of broilers. The results of this research are similar to Paryad and Mahmoudi (2008) by incorporation of 1.5%. Yeast culture contains yeast cells as well as metabolites such as peptides, organic acids, oligosaccharides, amino acids, flavor and aroma substances, and possibly some unidentified growth factors, which have been proposed to produce beneficial performance response (Zhang et al., 2005). Gut Morphology: observation are presented in Table 6. The current findings revealed significant (p<0.05) increase in intestinal This could be attributed to Probiotics enhancing nutrient absorption by increasing the villus height in the small intestine (Zhang et al., 2005; Panda et al., 2006) and thus improve broiler performance. Probiotics compete with the harmful bacteria, change the ph in the gut, prevent infection and modifies mucin biosynthesis and /or degradation, which in turn influences gut function resulting in improved nutrient uptake(smirnov et al., 2005). Birds were provided with 0.16mg/L had the highest mean value. Increase in the villus height suggests an increased surface area capable of greater absorption of avialble nutrients (Caspary, 1992). Like wise, greater villus height increases the activity of enzymes secreted from the tip of the villi resulting in improved digestibility (Hampson,1986). Cell wall components of yeast may provide protective function to mucosa by preventing pathogens from binding to villi and allowing fewer antigens to be in contact with the villi. Taller villi indicate more mature epithelia and enhance absorptive function due to increased absorptive area of the villus. Intestinal villus height, cryptal depth increased in groups with increased Sb. The results suggest that supplementation of Sb at 0.16mg/L through drinking water improved the performance of the broilers by increasing the absorption capacity in the gut. Ind. J. Vet. & Anim. Sci. Res., 43 (6) , November - December

4 402 Naga Raja Kumari and Susmita Table 1: Effect of Saccharomyces boluriddi on body weight per week basis (g). D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 SEm P value Levels 0% 0.02% 0.04% 0.08% 0.16% 0 Day NS st week NS nd weekns rd week c b b b a th week d c b ab a th week d c b b a th week d c c b a Means of row not sharing a common superscript differ significantly (p<0.05). NS: Non significant Table 2: Effect of Saccharomyces boluriddi on Feed Intake per week basis (g). D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 SEm P value Levels 0% 0.02% 0.04% 0.08% 0.16% 1 st week nd week rd week th week th week th week Table 3: Effect of Saccharomyces boluraddi on Feed Conversion Ratio per week basis. D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 SEm P value 1 st week nd week rd week th week th week th week Ind. J. Vet. & Anim. Sci. Res., 43 (6) , November - December 2014

5 Performance and intestinal integrity of broiler chickens Table 4: Gut Morphology of Broilers supplemented with different levels of Sb through water. Parameters D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 SEM (µm) (Control) (0.02mg/L) (0.04mg/L) (0.08mg/L) (0.16mg/L) Jejunum Villus height Cryptal depth Ileum Villus height Crptal depth REFERENCES Alkhalf., A., Alhaj, M. and Homidan, A. (2010). Influence of probiotic supplementation on immune response o fbroiler chicks. Egypt.Poulry Sciences, 30: Caspary,W.F.(1992). Physiology and patho physiology of intestinal absorption. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 55:299s-308s. Chae., B.J., Ingle., S.L., Kim., J.S., Kim., K.H., Sen., S., Lee., S.L., Khong., C., Kim., E.K. and Kwon, I.K. (2012). Effect of dietary supplementation of Probiotics on performance caecal microbiology and small intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, 12:1-12. Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and F- tests. Biometrie. Vol.11, pp Hampson, D.J., (1986). Alterations in piglet small intestinal structure at weaning. Research of Veterinary Science, 40: Khaksefidi, A. and Rahimi, S. (2005). Effect of Probiotics inclusion in the diet of broiler chickens on performances, feed efficiency and carcass quality. Asian- Australian Journal of Animal Sciences.18: Kumar Latesh., Singh, P.K., Chandramoni and Manoj Kumar (2013). Effect of Dietary supplementation of Combination of Probiotics on the growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Animal nutrition and feed Technology 13: Kumpretchtova., D., Zobac., P. and Kumprecht, I. (2000). The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc 47 on chicken broiler performance and nitrogen output. Czech Journal of animal Science, 45: Li., S.P., Zhao. X.J. and Wang,J.Y. (2009). Synergy of Astragalus polysaccharides Ind. J. Vet. & Anim. Sci. Res.,43 (6) , November - December

6 Naga Raja Kumari and Susmita and probiotics(lactobacillus and Bacillus cereus) on immunity and intestinal micro biota in chicks. Poultry Science, 88: Panda., A.K., Ramarao., S.V., Raju., M.V.L.N. and Sharma., S.R.(2006).Dietary supplementation of probiotic Lactobacillus sporogenes on performance and serum bio-chemicolipid profile of broiler chickens. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 43: Paryad., A and Mahmoudi.M. (2008). Effect of different levels of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance, blood constitute and carcass characteristic of broiler chicks. African journal of Agricultural Research, Vol.3(12): Rajput., I.R., Li., L.Y., Xin., X., Wu., B.B., Juan., Z.L., Cui., Z.W., Yu., D.Y. and Li., W.F. (2013). Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtillis B10 on intestinal ultra structure modulation and mucosal immunity development mechanism in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 92: Redmond., S.B., Tell., R.M., Coble., D., Muller., C., Palik., D., Anderson.,C.B. and Lamont., S.J. (2010). Differential splenic cytokine responses to dietary immune modulation by diverse chiken lines. Poultry Science, 89: Singh.,S.K., Niranjan., P.S., Singh., U.B., Kotle., S. and Verma., D.N. (2009). Effects of dietary supplementation of Probiotics on broiler chicken. Animal nutrition and feed Technology, 9: Smirnov., A., Perez., E., Amit-Romach., E., Sklan., D. and Uni., Z. (2005). Mucin dynamics and microbial populations in chicken small intestine are changed by dietary probiotic and antibiotic growth promoter supplementation. Journal of Nutrition, 135: Talebi., A., Amizadeh., B, Mokhtari., B. and Gahri., H. (2008). Effects of a multistrain probiotic(primalac) on performance and antibody responses to Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus vaccination in broiler chickens. Avian Pathology, 37: Yang., Y., Iji., P.A. and Choct., M. (2009). Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics. Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 65: Zhang., A.W., Lee., B.D., Lee., K.S., Lee., K.W., An., G.H., Song., K.B. and Lee., C.H. (2005). Effect yeast (Saccharomyces Cervaciae) cell components on growth performances,meat quality and ilea mucosal development of broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 84: Ind. J. Vet. & Anim. Sci. Res., 43 (6) , November - December 2014