Cropping factors: the key for sustainable mycotoxin management in cereals

Transcription

1 Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER Agroscope Cropping factors: the key for sustainable mycotoxin management in cereals S. Vogelgsang, T. Musa, T. Schöneberg, I. Bänziger, E. Jenny, A. Kägi, T.D. Bucheli, F.E. Wettstein, M. Pasquali, H.R. Forrer Agroscope (CH), University of Milano (IT) November 22, 216 Outline Surveys on Fusarium species and mycotoxins in wheat, barley and oats Our resulting research to reduce the risk in cereals: - Forecasting of F. graminearum/don - Healthy & Safe varieties - Biocontrol and biofumigation European Fusarium chemotype map 2 1

2 Swiss Fusarium monitoring in wheat, barley & oats Objectives Incidence & distribution of species Correlation between species incidence & toxin content Effect of cropping factors for the most prevalent species 3 Fusarium satellite meeting, Amsterdam, Vogelgsang et al. Research station Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART ESRI 4 2

3 Wheat samples from growers 527 grain samples from 16 cantons (27-1) 159 grain samples from Berne (211-14) SH TG NE JU SO AG LU ZG ZH SG BE VD FR GR TI GE Cropping factors: key for sustainable mycotoxin management - Europe WMF 216; Winnipeg BFS / swisstopo 5 Questionnaire on cropping factors Variety Production system Previous crop Tillage & residue management Cropping factors: key for sustainable mycotoxin management - Europe WMF 216; Winnipeg 6 3

4 Wheat monitoring Harvest samples from growers 686 wheat samples from 16 cantons Questionnaire on production factors Seed health test Incidence of Fusarium species qpcr F. graminearum & F. poae Toxin content LC-MS/MS: DON, other trichothecenes & ZEA Genetic chemotypes Matias Pasquali 7 Wheat monitoring Ratio of different Fusarium species (n=686) 1% 1% MON, ENNs 11% NIV, (T-2, 19 HT-2) % 2% 4% DON, ac-don, ZEA, 64 (NIV) % 63% F. graminearum F. poae F. avenaceum F. crookwellense F. culmorum F. spp F. graminearum 8 4

5 Correlations 9 Correlation between F. graminearum incidence and DON content Wheat ; n = DON = (79.71 * FG %) r 2 =.55 Deoxynivalenol ( g kg -1 ) % > maximum value 7% for ZEA EU maximum value: 125 ppb Grains infected by F. graminearum (%) 1 5

6 Correlation between F. spp incidences and mycotoxin contents - PCA Wheat ; n = Where does NIV come from? 12 6

7 Where does NIV come from? Answer: from an array of species 13 Three analysis methods to identify the NIV producing species? Incidences qpcr Chemotypes NIV_ppb FG% FP% FC% Fcrook% DNA_FG DNA_FP 15aDON_K 3aDON_K NIV_K Agroscope

8 Cropping factors 15 Effect of precrop and tillage on FG DNA Number of F. graminearum copies P <.1 n = 686 precrop maize Conservation tillage Plough F. graminearum DNA other precrops Conservation tillage Plough MPC_CT MPC_Pl OPC_CT OPC_Pl

9 Number of F. graminearum copies Effect of precrop and tillage on FG DNA and DON in winter wheat P <.1 n = 686 F. graminearum DNA DON (ppb) MPC_CT MPC_Pl OPC_CT OPC_Pl Deoxynivalenol ( g kg -1 ) Cropping factors: key for sustainable mycotoxin management - Europe WMF 216; Winnipeg 17 Fusarium graminearum life cycle A. Schilder & G. Bergstrom Cropping factors: key for sustainable mycotoxin management - Europe WMF 216; Winnipeg 18 9

10 FG incidence in different winter wheat varieties Grains infected by F. graminearum (%) P <.1, n=629 Effect from precrop and tillage often overrides the variety effect Scaro Galaxie Arina Levis Forel Fiorina Ludwig Siala Runal Mulan Zinal Tapidor Titlis Hermann Claro Caphorn Segor Winnetou Drifter 19 FP incidence in different winter wheat varieties 5 P <.1, n=629 Grains infected by F. poae (%) Scaro Galaxie Arina Levis Forel Fiorina Ludwig Siala Runal Mulan Zinal Tapidor Titlis Hermann Claro Caphorn Segor Winnetou Drifter 2 1

11 Effect of the cropping system on FG incidence and DON in wheat (# samples) F. graminearum incidence (%) P <.1, n.s. n = % 53% (156) (15) (29) (192) Tillage, varieties, no mineral fertilisers ploughed (%) 86% 45% Deoxynivalenol ( g kg -1 ) extenso integrated organic conv_epp 21 Prevention of DON and ZEA in wheat - knowledge transfer (156) (15) (192) 22 11

12 Fusarium occurrence in barley & oats & Schöneberg et al. (216) Food Add Cont 33: : n= : n=326 1% 1% 3% 2% F. graminearum F. poae 7% F. avenaceum 1% 3% 58% F. poae F. culmorum F. crookwellense F. spp 8% 6% 74% F. graminearum F. avenaceum F. langsethiae F. spp F. graminearum F. poae 23 Toxins in oats from Swiss growers Toxin ( g kg -1 ) n=323 F. poae 34 µg kg -1 F. langsethiae 2% 1% 8% 6% 74% 1 F. graminearum 5 NIV DON T-2/HT

13 Effect of precrop on DON in barley and on T-2/HT-2 in oats Deoxynivalenol ( g kg -1 ) P <.1 n = 44 Schöneberg et al. (216) Food Add Cont 33: maize cereals pasture colza others T-2/HT-2 (µg kg -1 ) P <.1 n = 323 maize cereals pasture others 25 Outline Surveys on Fusarium species and mycotoxins in wheat, barley and oats Our resulting research to reduce the risk in cereals: - Forecasting of FG/DON 26 13

14 Forecasting FG & DON: H.R. Forrer Tomke Musa 27 Based on: Weather 28 14

15 Based on: Weather Cropping factors: regional Medium susceptible variety, pre-crop maize, no till Medium susceptible variety, pre-crop maize, plough 29 Based on: Weather Cropping factors: regional, plot specific June 6, variety Runal precrop maize, no-till 3 15

16 Outline Surveys on Fusarium species and mycotoxins in wheat, barley and oats Our resulting research to reduce the risk in cereals: - Forecasting of FG/DON - Healthy & Safe varieties 31 «Healthy & Safe» cereals Cereal varieties with high contents of health promoting compounds (HPCs), e.g. carotenoids, β-glucans, phenolic acids, anthocyanins Some HPCs can inhibit fungal growth also production of mycotoxins? If yes: Ebene Gailette President Canyon

17 Resistance experiments Charlotte Martin 3 sites across Switzerland Wheat, oat, barley varieties with different contents of HPCs Torsten Schöneberg Artificial infections with selected Fusarium species 33 Picture: M. Bertossa Deoxynivalenol (mg kg -1 ) Resistance experiments Barley varieties P <.1 Changins Vouvry Reckenholz Highest - glucan content Cassia Fridericus Hobbit Landi Semper Waxyma 34 Picture: M. Bertossa 17

18 Outline Effect of cropping factors on Fusarium species in wheat, barley and oats Our resulting research to reduce the risk in cereals: - Forecasting of FG/DON - Healthy & Safe varieties - Biocontrol and biofumigation 35 If prevention is not enough Avoid spore discharge from perithecia Biological control Fungal antagonists on residues from pre-crop Anita Schöneberg Fusarium graminearum Clonostachys rosea *Schöneberg et al. (215) J Appl Microbiol 118: *C. rosea after the pathogen 36 18

19 If prevention is not enough Avoid spore discharge from perithecia Biological control Fungal antagonists on residues from pre-crop Resistance inducing antagonists or botanicals Alejandro Gimeno 37 If prevention is not enough Avoid spore discharge from perithecia Suppression of inoculum Various intercrop/cover crop species on residues from pre-crop: coverage, increased microbial activity or directly anti-fungal 38 19

20 If prevention is not enough Avoid spore discharge from perithecia Suppression of inoculum Various intercrop/cover crop species on residues from pre-crop: coverage, increased microbial activity or directly anti-fungal Biofumigation, botanicals Dimitrios Drakopoulos 39 Outline Surveys on Fusarium species and mycotoxins in wheat, barley and oats Our resulting research to reduce the risk in cereals: - Forecasting of FG/DON - Healthy & Safe varieties - Biocontrol and biofumigation European Fusarium chemotype map 4 2

21 Feed the database 41 Acknowledgements Agroscope research group Ecology of Noxious and Beneficial Organisms Michel Gygax, Sandra Ott, Florian Burkhalter «Soil preservation programme», canton Berne Keith Seifert (AAFC) & Tom Gräfenhan (CGC) Growers, members CPPOs, trainee students 42 21

22 RG Ecology of Noxious and Beneficial Organisms November 216 Tomke Musa: Poster 44 Joël Lüthi, Andreas Kägi, Giselher Grabenweger, Pascal Weber, Sonja Eckard 43 Christian Schweizer, Tomke Musa, Effi Jenny, Fabian Hess, Alex Gimeno, Torsten Schöneberg, Irene Bänziger, Hans-Rudolf Forrer Lea Stauber, Fionna Loeu, Susanne Vogelgsang, Sibel Dugan, Dimitrios Drakopoulos, Deborah Kaiser Questions? 44 22