VAPOUR HEAT TREATMENT AGAINST THREE SPECIES OF FRUIT FLIES IN MANGO DEDONG

Transcription

1 International Plant Protection Convention 13_ECBD_2014_Dec Vapour Heat treatment against three species of fruit flies in Mango Dedong Agenda item: 5.4 VAPOUR HEAT TREATMENT AGAINST THREE SPECIES OF FRUIT FLIES IN MANGO DEDONG By Mr Wayan MURDITA Balai Besar Peramalan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan (BBPOPT) / Pest Forecasting Institute (PFI) Ministry of Agriculture Jln Raya Kaliasin Tromol Pos I Jatisari, Karawang INDONESIA

2 VAPOR HEAT TREATMENT AGAINST THREE SPECIES OF FRUIT FLIES IN MANGO GEDONG By Wayan Murdita Pest Forecasting Institute Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia Okinawa, December 1, 2014 Presented on Expert Consultation On Phytosanitary Treatments For Bactrocera dorsalis complex In Okinawa, Japan

3 PROJECT SITE PFI Jatisari, Karawang JAKARTA BANTEN WEST JAVA CENTRAL JAVA YOGYAKARTA た TA EAST JAVA Project site is located in Pest Forecasting Institute (PFI) about 80 km from Jakarta, capital city of Indonesia, and about 150 km from the production area of mango Gedong (Cirebon, Majalengka and Indramayu)

4 FACILITIES Laboratory building (VHT Laboratory) Inauguration of VHT Laboratory (4 December 2010) Rearing room ( Biotron 2 units) VHT machine (2 units) Fruit storage (1 unit) Infested room ( Biotron 1 unit)

5 TARGET INSECTS Bactrocera carambolae B. cucurbitae B. papayae

6 TARGET FRUIT Mango Gedong fruits (Mangifera indica) Mango Gedong orchard Mango Gedong flower Mango Gedong fruits on the tree

7 Step of Mortality Test 1. Hot Water ImmersionTest To determine the most heat tolerant species of fruit flies 2. Susceptibility Mortality Test By VHT To determine the most heat tolerant stage of fruit fly 3. Small-Scale Mortality Test By VHT To Determine Treatment condition (Fruit core temp. and Holding time) 4. Large-Scale Mortality Test By VHT To confirm a 100% mortality for more than 30,000 effective insects

8 Hot Water Immersion Test Purpose To determine the most heat tolerant species of fruit flies Materials Test insect Target stage : B. papayae, B. carambolae, B. cucurbitae, : Eggs (young & mature), larvae (1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd instar) Methods Insects was immersed in hot water Temperature : 46.0 o C Exposure time : 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 minutes Replication : 3 times

9 TEST INSECT Test insects for the treatment Time from oviposition (hours) Stage Bactrocera carambolae Bactrocera cucurbitae Bactrocera papayae Young egg 1-2 hours 1-2 hours 1-2 hours Mature egg hours hours hours 1 st instar hours hours hours 2 nd instar hours hours hours 3 rd instar hours hours hours

10 Procedures of Hot Water Immersion Test Eggs Larvae Preparation test insects Treatment at : 46.0 o C Checking mortality Storaged at temp 28.0 o C

11 Result of Hot Water Immersion Test Corrected mortality of each developmental stage of B. carambolae, B.cucurbitae and B.papayae in hot water immersion test B. carambolae B.cucurbitae B.papayae Exposure Time YE ME 1st 2nd 3rd YE ME 1st 2nd 3rd YE ME 1st 2nd 3rd

12 Corrected mortality of each developmental stage of B. carambolae, B.cucurbitae and B.papayae in hot water immersion test 100 carye carme Corrected mortality (%) car1st car2nd car3rd cucye cucme cuc1st cuc2nd cuc3rd papye papme pap1st pap2nd pap3rd Exposure Time (minutes) Result : B. papayae is the most heat tolerant species of fruit flies

13 Susceptibility Mortality Test by VHT Purpose: To determine the most heat tolerant stage of fruit fly against high temperature. Materials Test insect : B. papayae Target stage : Mature eggs (27-28 hour), Larvae (1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd instar) Mango Size : gram, maturity 75-80% Methods - Infested mango was treated in vapor heat treatment (VHT) - Fruit core temperature : 45.0, 46.0, 46.5, 47.0, 47.5 o C and Control - Replication : 3 times Cooling Water Cooling Air Cololing : 10 minutes : 30 minutes

14 Procedures of Susceptibility Mortality Test By VHT Counting egg and larvae Inoculation in mango Treatment by VHT Shower and air cooling Checking mortality Keep at room temp o C

15 Temperatures (exposure time) Control (0:00) 45.0 (0:51) 46.0 (0:57) 46.5 (1:02) 47.0 (1:07) 47.5 (1:16) Result of Susceptability Mortality Test Number of survivor Number of inoculated insect Mature egg 1st instar 2nd instar Survival rate % Mortality rate % Corrected M.rate % Number of survivor Number of inoculated insect Survival rate % Mortality rate % Corrected M.rate % C-total total total total total total Number of survivor Number of inoculated insect Survival rate % Mortality rate % Corrected M.rate % Number of survivor Number of inoculated insect 3rd instar Survival rate % Mortality rate % Corrected M.rate %

16 Small Scale Mortality Test by VHT Purpose: To determine treatment conditions (fruit core temperature and holding time) Materials Test insect : B. papayae Target stage : Mature eggs (27-28 Hours) Mango size : gram, maturity (75-80%) Cooling Water cooling Air Cooling : 10 minutes : 30 minutes

17 Small Scale Mortality Test by VHT Methods: Treatment conditions: Setting of VHT machine: Program mode Setting Value of Chamber Temp : 48 ºC (+1 ºC) Target Temperature : (Core Fruit) ºC + holding time 0 min ºC + holding time 10 min ºC + holding time 20 min ºC + holding time 30 min RH : 55% - 95% Cooling Water Cooling Air Cooling : 10 minutes : 30 minutes

18 Procedures of Small scale mortality test by VHT Egg collection and counting Egg inoculation into fruit Fruit arrangement VAPOR HEAT TREATMENT MATURE EGG 1 day before treatment Fruit core temp: 47.0 O C, 95 %RH Keep at 28.0 o C Holding time : 0, 10, minutes Counting survivor 4 days after treatment Shower cooling :10 min. Air cooling : 30 min. Storage Keep at 28.0 o C (infested room)

19 Changes of temperatures and RH (Small Scale Mortality Test)

20 Results of Small Scale Mortality Test Fruit core temp. Control 47.0 o C Holding time min + 10 min + 20 min + 30 min Replication 1 No. of fruit No. of insect 3,270 3,270 3,270 3,270 3,270 No. of survivor 3,270 1, Corrected mortality (%) Replication 2 No. of fruit No. of insect 3,208 3,208 3,208 3,208 3,208 No. of survivor 3,208 1, Corrected mortality (%) Replication 3 No. of fruit No. of insect 2,989 2,989 2,989 2,989 2,989 No. of survivor 2, Corrected mortality (%)

21 Large Scale Mortality Test by VHT Purpose: To confirm a 100 % mortality for more than 30,000 effective insects Materials Test insect : B. papayae Target stage : Mature eggs (27-28 Hours) Mango size : gram, Maturity 75-80%

22 Large Scale Mortality Test by VHT Methods: Treatment conditions: Setting of VHT machine Setting Value of Chamber Temp : Program mode : 48 ºC (+1 ºC) Target Temperature (Core Fruit) : 47 ºC + Holding Time 30 Min. RH : 55% - 95% Water Cooling Air Cooling : 10 minutes : 30 minutes

23 Procedure of Large Scale Mortality Test by VHT VAPOR HEAT TREATMENT Egg collection and counting Egg inoculation into fruit Fruit arrangement 1 day before treatment Keep at 28.0 o C Fruit core temp: 47.0 O C, 95 %RH Holding time : 30 minutes Counting survivor 4 days after treatment Shower and air cooling Storage Last disection Keep at 28.0 o C (infested room)

24 Results of Large Scale Mortality Test Number of test fruits, no. of survivor and corrected mortality in the Large Scale Mortality Test, B. papayae (Mature egg) in VHT Control Treatment at 47.0 o C for 30 minutes Replications Load Factor No. of fruits No. of survivor No. of fruits No. of effective insects No. of survivor Corrected mortality (%) 1 Half load 30 3, , Half load 30 3, , Full load 30 3, , Full load 30 3, , Total , , More then 30,000 effective insects Complete mortality

25 SUMMARY Hot Water Immersion test Susceptibility mortality test by VHT Small-scale mortality test by VHT Large-scale mortality test by VHT Test insect : B. carambolae B. papayae B. cucurbitae Test insect : B. papayae Test insect: B. papayae Test insect: B. papayae Stage: Young-egg, Matureegg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Temp: 46.0 o C Exposure time: 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 minutes Stage: Mature-egg 1st, 2nd, 3rd) Fruit core temp: 45.0, 46.0, 46.5, 47.0, 47.5 o C Humidity: 95 % Holding time:0 min Stage: Mature egg, Fruit core temp: 47.0 o C, Humidity: % Holding time: 0, 10, 20, 30 min Stage: Mature egg, Fruit core temp: 47.0 Humidity: % Holding time: 30 min B. papayae Mature-egg 47.0 o C, 30 min 100% mortality for more than 30,000 effective insects

26 Recommendation VHT condition with 47.0 C of fruit core temperature and 30 minutes holding time proved a100% mortality for more than 30,000 effective insects Therefore, on commercial scale treatment, these conditions can be used as a standard to ensure complete mortality of all stages of B. papayae, B. carambolae and B. cucurbitae

27 THANK YOU.