Serum leptin concentration is associated with total body fat mass, but not abdominal fat distribution
|
|
- Stewart McLaughlin
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Obesity (1997) 21, 536±541 ß 1997 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0307±0565/97 $12.00 Serum leptin concentration is associated with total body fat mass, but not abdominal fat distribution H Shimizu 1, Y Shimomura 2, R Hayashi 2, K Ohtani 1, N Sato 1, T Futawatari 2 and M Mori 1 1 The First Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, and 2 Gunma Prefectural College of Medical Sciences, Gunma, Japan OBJECTIVE: The obese (ob) gene encodes leptin which inhibits appetite and stimulates thermogenesis. Serum leptin concentrations are determined by total body fat mass, but the in uence of visceral fat accumulation and other metabolic factors have not been clinically determined. METHODS: We determined the correlations between serum leptin concentrations and the total body fat mass, abdominal fat mass, abdominal fat distribution (estimated by ultrasound), and circulating metabolic factors in 104 Japanese healthy subjects (11 men and 93 women). In addition, the effect of food restriction (30 kcal/kg desired body weight/day) for four weeks on serum leptin concentrations were also examined in 30 women. RESULTS: There was a signi cant correlation between serum leptin concentrations and total body fat mass (r ˆ 0.708, P < ), the percentage of body fat (r ˆ 0.561, P < 0.001), and the body mass index (BMI, r ˆ 0.630, P < 0.001). Serum leptin concentrations were correlated with the abdominal wall preperitoneal and subcutaneous, but not the abdominal wall (AFI). Serum leptin concentrations were also correlated with serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI), but not glucose, or free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. The weight loss after food restriction for four weeks signi cantly (P ˆ 0.016) reduced the serum leptin concentrations with a signi cant reduction of body fat mass, serum glucose, IRI and FFA concentrations. However, there was no signi cant correlation of the percentage change in serum leptin concentrations to that in body fat mass after food restriction. CONCLUSION: Serum leptin concentrations are well correlated with the total body fat mass in healthy subjects. Differences in abdominal fat distribution do not appear to be related to a difference in the in vivo leptin production from adipose tissue. Keywords: leptin; body fat; fat distribution; insulin; food restriction. Introduction The obese (ob) gene was recently identi ed as being involved in the regulation of energy balance in genetically obese mice. 1 The ob gene encodes the protein, leptin, that plays an important role in the regulation of food consumption and body weight. Since leptin inhibits appetite and stimulates thermogenesis in rodents, 2±4 this peptide is believed to act as a satiety factor in the hypothalamus. Recently, evidence has been accumulated that the ob gene expression is modi ed by various kinds of humoral factors such as insulin, glucocorticoids, estrogen, and cytokines which involve the regulation of food intake. 5±10 However, an interrelation between the ob gene expression and circulating metabolic factors has not been clinically determined. Correspondence: Dr H Shimizu, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371, Japan. Received 6 November 1996; revised 7 March 1997; accepted 12 March 1997 In human studies, serum leptin concentrations have recently been reported to be correlated with the percentage of body fat, suggesting that most obese people may be insensitive to increased levels of the anorexigenic peptide, leptin which was endogenously overproduced from adipose tissues. 11 On the other hand, visceral fat mass is related to the elevation of circulating metabolic factors such as insulin, 12 which may affect leptin production from the adipocytes. 5,7,8 It is possible that there may be a difference in the leptin production between the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. However, whether the regional differences of visceral fat mass may affect serum leptin concentrations is still unknown in humans. In the present study, we determined correlations between serum leptin concentrations and metabolic parameters of body fat adiposity, abdominal fat distribution, and circulating metabolic factors in healthy Japanese subjects who have no metabolic disorders. In addition, the effect of body weight loss after food restriction on serum leptin concentrations was investigated.
2 Subjects and methods Subjects The present study included 104 healthy Japanese subjects (11 men and 93 women, mean age: y old, and Body Mass Index (BMI): kg/m 2 ). No subject was receiving medications for any metabolic disorders. All subjects were fully informed as to the nature of the study and provided consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki, as amended in Tokyo in 1975 and Venice The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Department of Medicine, Gunma University, School of Medicine (Maebashi, Japan). In the second study which examined the effect of food restriction for four weeks on serum leptin concentrations, 30 women were randomly included from all subjects in the rst study, and gave their informed consent to undergo food restriction. Study protocols All subjects included in the rst study were not requested to follow any particular diet prior to blood sampling. Blood specimens were collected from the cubital vein in the early morning after overnight fasting. Following immediate centrifugation, the obtained sera were stored at 7 70 C for the measurement of serum leptin, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. Total body fat mass and the percentage of body weight (% body fat) were measured by bioelectric impedance analysis method (TBF-101, Tanita Inc., Tokyo, Japan). wall subcutaneous and preperitoneal was estimated by using ultrasonography (SDL-310, Shimazu Industrial Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), according to the method previously reported by Suzuki et al. 13 The abdominal wall (AFI), which has been reported to be well correlated with visceral fat mass, 13 was calculated by dividing the maximum of abdominal wall preperitoneal fat by the minimum of abdominal wall subcutaneous. To study the effect of body weight loss due to food restriction, thirty healthy women (the average of age: y old, the average of the Body Mass Index (BMI): kg/m 2 ) received food restriction therapy (30 kcal/kg desired body weight/day) for four weeks. The desired body weight was calculated according to the modi cation of Broca's calculation method (The Desired Body Weight (kg) ˆ (Height (cm) 7 100) (kg). The diet composition was not changed during the whole observation period after the start of food restriction. Changes in body fat mass, abdominal fat distribution, and circulating metabolic factors including serum leptin concentration were measured before and at four weeks after the start of food restriction, as described above. Assays Circulating glucose and FFA concentrations were measured with an automatic analyzer using a glucose oxidase method and an enzymatic method, respectively. Serum leptin concentration was assayed with a radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit, obtained from Linco Research, Inc. (St. Charles, Mo, USA). 2,12 The limit of sensitivity for human leptin assay was 0.5 ng/ml. Serum IRI concentration was also assayed with a commercially available RIA kit (Phadeceph Insulin Kit, Pharmacia Japan, Tokyo, Japan). Statistical analysis All data were expressed as means s.e. The correlation was evaluated using the linear regression analysis. The values before and after food restriction were compared by means of paired t-test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically signi cant. Results Tables 1 and 2 show the simple correlation coef cients and statistical signi cance among serum leptin concentrations, body fat mass, % body fat, body mass index (BMI), abdominal wall, fasting glucose, serum IRI, FFA concentrations, and the P-values, respectively. As shown in Figure 1, there were signi cant positive correlations between the serum leptin concentration and the BMI (r ˆ 0.630, P < 0.001; Figure 1a), % body fat (r ˆ 0.561, P < 0.001; Figure 1b) and total body fat mass (r ˆ 0.708, P < 0.001; Figure 1c), respectively. The strongest correlation was between total body fat mass and serum leptin concentration. With regard to the abdominal wall fat distribution, serum leptin concentrations were signi cantly (P < 0.001) correlated with both abdominal wall subcutaneous (Figure 2a) and preperitoneal (Figure 2b), but not the AFI (Figure 2c). Thus, serum leptin concentration may not be associated with regional difference of abdominal fat distribution assessed with the AFI. Serum IRI concentrations were signi cantly correlated with serum leptin, and glucose concentrations, total body fat mass, BMI, preperitoneal, and AFI, but not % body fat, or subcutaneous (Tables 1 and 2). Serum FFA concentration was not correlated with any of the factors measured in this study. Table 3 shows the changes of all metabolic factors measured before and at four weeks after the start of food restriction in the second study. The food restriction for four weeks signi cantly (P < 0.001) decreased the total body fat mass by 1.8 kg. As shown in Figure 3, food restriction signi cantly (P ˆ 0.016) reduced serum leptin concentration by 79% of its initial value. However, the % change of total body fat mass by food restriction was not 537
3 538 Table 1 Relationships between parameters of serum leptin concentration, the total body fat mass, the percentage of body fat (% body fat), the body mass index (BMI), abdominal wall, fasting glucose (FG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations in 104 Japanese healthy subjects Leptin Body fat mass % body fat BMI Preperitoneal fat pad Subcutaneous fat pad FG IRI FFA Leptin Body fat mass % Body fat BMI Preperitoneal Subcutaneous FG IRI FFA Table 2 Statistical signi cance of correlation coef cients between parameters of serum leptin concentration, the total body fat mass, the percentage of body fat (% body fat), the body mass index (BMI), abdominal wall, fasting glucose (FG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations in 104 Japanese healthy subjects Body fat mass % body fat BMI Preperitoneal fat pad Subcutaneous fat pad FG IRI FFA Leptin P < P < P < P < P < N.S. N.S N.S. Body fat mass P < P < P < P < N.S N.S. % body fat P < P < P < N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. BMI P < P < N.S. N.S N.S. Preperitoneal Subcutaneous P < N.S N.S. P < N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S N.S. FG N.S. IRI N.S. Figure 1 Correlations between serum leptin concentration and (a) body mass index (BMI); (b) percentage of body fat (% body fat); (c) total body fat mass in 104 healthy Japanese subjects. The closed circle represents each male value and the open circle represent one in female.
4 539 Figure 2 Correlations among serum leptin concentration and (a) abdominal subcutaneous; (b) preperitoneal fat ; (c) the abdominal (AFI) in 104 healthy Japanese subjects. Closed circle represents each male value and the open circle represent one in female. Table 3 Effects of food restriction on serum leptin concentration, the total body fat mass, the percentage of body fat (% body fat), the body mass index (BMI), abdominal wall, fasting glucose (FG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations in 30 Japanese healthy subjects Before food restriction Four weeks after the start of diet restriction P-value Leptin (ng/ml) Total body fat mass (kg) < % body fat (%) < BMI (kg/m 2 ) < Preperitoneal (mm) Subcutaneous (mm) FG (mg/dl) < IRI (mu/ml) FFA (meq/l) signi cantly correlated with that of serum leptin concentration (r ˆ 0.131). Fasting glucose, IRI and FFA concentrations were signi cantly reduced after food restriction (Table 3). However, neither abdominal wall preperitoneal, subcutaneous nor the AFI was signi cantly reduced by food restriction for four weeks. Discussion In the present study, we found strong correlations between serum leptin concentrations and the total body fat mass, % body fat, and BMI in healthy Japanese subjects who were of normal weight ( kg/m 2 ). These results are consistent with previous observations by several investigators. 10,14 However, since the present studies did not include obese subjects, the extent to which the results obtained herein apply to obese individuals is unclear. In addition, we found that a reduction of 1.8 kg (9% of initial value) in total body fat mass by food restriction for four weeks was associated with a reduction of serum leptin concentrations. These data indicate that an increase of serum leptin concentration should re ect the greater production of leptin from increased body fat mass. However, it is possible that the reduction of serum leptin concentration after food restriction may be in uenced by other effects of recent dietary manipulation, since there was no obvious correlation between the % changes in total body fat mass and serum leptin concentration. The present study demonstrated that serum leptin concentrations was not associated with a regional difference of abdominal wall fat mass, evaluated by the ultrasonography method. Although it has been reported that the AFI is a good indicator of visceral fat deposition, 13 the present study demonstrated that
5 540 Figure 3 Changes in the serum leptin concentrations of 30 healthy Japanese subjects before and after the weight loss by food restriction (30 kcal/kg desired body weight/day) for four weeks. Open circles and horizontal bars represent mean s.e. before and after food restriction for four weeks. Closed circles represent serum leptin concentration before and after food restriction for four weeks in each subject. both preperitoneal and subcutaneous were signi cantly correlated with serum leptin concentration, while the AFI was not at all. This observation indicated that the absolute value ( ) should re ect abdominal fat mass more than the AFI which has been reported to be well correlated with the V/S ratio, calculated from the CT scanning image. We would like to emphasize the contrast between the strong association of the AFI to serum insulin concentration and the absence of any association between the AFI and serum leptin concentration. This suggests that whereas intra-abdominal fat is a determinant of the fasting insulin concentration, it may not be a determinant of serum leptin concentration. It has recently been reported that ob mrna expression varies from region to region in adipose tissues of rodents and humans. 15±17 The epididymal and perirenal s had higher ob mrna levels than subcutaneous fat in the rat. 15 Insulin infusion increased ob mrna expression in epididymal and perirenal fat pads, but not in the subcutaneous fat of the rat. 16 In humans, the ob mrna expression increased in omental fat cells from massively obese humans. 14 In contrast, another human study demonstrated that the ob mrna level in the subcutaneous adipose tissue was higher than those in the omental, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric adipose tissue. 17 The exact interrelation between leptin production and regional fat distribution has not been clinically established in the abdomen. In the present data, serum leptin concentration was correlated with both subcutaneous and preperitoneal, but not the AFI, which is thought to be well related to visceral fat mass. In the second study, the reduction of body fat mass by food restriction for four weeks signi cantly reduced serum leptin concentration, although the abdominal wall and the AFI were not changed. From those data, it was suggested that serum leptin concentration may be associated with the total body fat mass, rather than the increase of visceral fat mass in Japanese healthy subjects who are normal weight. The present data show that there was a strong correlation between circulating leptin concentration and total body fat mass, indicating that the increased fat mass is able to produce large amounts of leptin in obese subjects. Thus, there is no evidence that the metabolic, anorexigenic signal from adipose tissues to the hypothalamus (an increase of circulating leptin), which should regulate food intake, is de cient even in massively obese subjects. Recently, it was demonstrated that, in rodents, exogenously administered leptin acts on the hypothalamus to affect neuropeptide Y mrna expression, inhibiting food intake. 18 There is a possibility that the long-term, excessive production of leptin from an increased fat mass may result in a reduction of the sensitivity to circulating leptin in the feeding center of the hypothalamus in obese subjects, for example down regulation of leptin receptors. Another possibility is the existence of a genetic defect of leptin receptor function. 19,20 In contrast, the recent study which examined the cerebrospinal uid : plasma leptin ratio in obese subjects indicated that the reduced ef ciency of brain leptin delivery among obese individuals with high plasma leptin levels results in apparent leptin resistance. 21 However, it is unlikely that this observation can fully explain the discrepancy between high leptin concentration and hyperphagia in obese subjects, and further studies should be necessary to clarify this issue in humans. Conclusion Serum leptin concentration well re ects the total body fat mass in human subjects. Differences in the abdominal fat distribution are not related to any differences in the in vivo leptin production from adipose tissues. References 1 Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425± Pelleymounter MA, Cullen MJ, Baker MB, Hecht R, Winters D, Boone T, Collins F. Effect of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science 1995; 269: 540± Halaas JL, Gajawala KS, Maffei M, Cohen SL, Chait BT, Rabinowitz D, Lallone R, Burley SK, Friedman JM. Weightreducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science 1995; 269: 543± Weigle DS, Bukowski TR, Foster DC, Holderman S, Kramer JM, Lasser G, Loften-Day CE, Prunkard DE, Raymond C, Kujiper JL. Recombinant ob protein reduces feeding and body weight in the ob/ob mouse. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 2065±2070.
6 5 Saladin R, Do Vos P, Guerre-Millo M, Leturque A, Girard J, Staels B, Auwerx J. Transient increase in obese gene expression after food intake or insulin administration. Nature 1995; 377: 527± Murakami T, Iida M, Shima K. Dexamethasone regulates obese expression in isolated adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 214: 1260± Kolaczynski JW, Nyce MR, Considine RV, Boden G, Nolan JJ, Henry R, Mudaliar SR, Olefsky J, Caro JF. Acute and chronic effect of insulin on leptin production in humans. Studies in vivo and in vitro. Diabetes 1996; 45: 699± Gagogo-Jack S, Fanelli C, Paramore D, Brothers J, Landt M. Plasma leptin and insulin relationships in obese and nonobese humans. Diabetes 1996; 45; 695± Slieler LJ, Sloop KW, Surface PL, Kriauciunas A, LaQuier F, Manetta J, Bue-Valleskey J, Stephens TW. Regulation of expression of ob mrna and protein by glucocorticoids and camp. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 5301± Grunfeld C, Zhao C, Fuller J, Pollock A, Moser A, Friedman J, Feingold KR. Endotoxin and cytokines induce expression of leptin, the ob gene product, in hamsters. A role for leptin in the anorexia of infection. J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 2152± Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, Kriaucuinas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR, Ohannesian JP, Marco CC, McKee LJ, Bauer TL, Caro JF. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. New Engl J Med 1996; 334: 292± Yoshida S, Inadera H, Ishikawa Y, Shinomiya M, Shirai K, Saito Y. Endocrine disorders and body fat distribution. Int J Obes Suppl 1991; 15/2: 37± Suzuki R, Watanabe S, Hirai Y, Akiyama K, Nishide T, Matsushima Y, Murayama H, Ohshima H, Shinomiya M, Shirai K, Saito Y, Yoshida S, Saisho H. wall fat index, estimated by ultrasonography, for assessment of the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat in the abdomen. Am J Med 1993; 95: 309± Maffei M, Halaas J, Ravussin E, Pratley RE, Lee GH, Zhang Y, Fei H, Kim S, Lallone R, Ranganathan S, Kern PA, Friedman JM. Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weightreduced subjects. Nature Med 1995; 1: 1155± Hamilton BS, Paglia D, Kwan AY, Deitel M. Increased obese mrna expression in omental fat cells from massively obese humans. Nature Med 1995; 1: 953± Zheng D, Jone JP, Usala SJ, Dohm GL. Differential expression of ob mrna in rat adipose tissues in response to insulin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 218: 434± Masuzaki H, Ogawa Y, Isse N, Satoh N, Okazaki T, Shigemoto M, Mori K, Tamura N, Hosoda K, Yoshimasa Y, Jinhami H, Kawada T, Nakao K. Human obese gene expression. Adipocyte-speci c expression and regional differences in the adipose tissue. Diabetes 1995; 44: 855± Schwartz MW, Baskin DG, Bukowski TR, Kujiper JL, Foster D, Lasser G, Prunkard DE, Porte D Jr, Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Weigle DS. Speci city of leptin action on elevated blood glucose levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in ob/ob mice. Diabetes 1995; 45: 531± Tartaglia LA, Dembski M, Weng X, Deng N, Culpepper J, Devos R, Richards GJ, Camp eld LA, Clark FT, Deeds J. Identi cation and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB- R. Cell 1995; 83: 1263± Considine RV, Considine EL, Williams CJ, Hyde TM, Caro JF. The hypothalamic leptin receptor in humans. Identi cation of incidental sequence polymorphisms and absence of the db/ db mouse and fa/fa rat mutations. Diabetes 1996; 19: 992± Schwarz MW, Peskind E, Raskind M, Boyko EJ, Porte D Jr. Cerebrospinal uid leptin levels: Relationship to plasma levels and to adiposity in humans. Nature Med 1996; 2: 589±
Plasma Leptin in Obese Subjects and Diabetics
Endocrine Journal 1997, 44(5), 671-676 Human Plasma Leptin in Obese Subjects and Diabetics YosHIMASA TASAKA, KEIKD YANAGISAWA, AND YASUHIKO IWAMOTO Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Tokyo
More informationEntrainment of the Diurnal Rhythm of Plasma Leptin to Meal Timing
Entrainment of the Diurnal Rhythm of Plasma Leptin to Meal Timing D.A. Schoeller,* L.K. Cella,* M.K. Sinha, and J.F. Caro *Department of Human Nutrition and Nutritional Biology, The University of Chicago,
More informationIntroduction. S Lin 1, TC Thomas 1, LH Storlien 1 and XF Huang 1 *
(2000) 24, 639±646 ß 2000 Macmillan Publishers Ltd All rights reserved 0307±0565/00 $15.00 www.nature.com/ijo Development of high fat diet-induced obesity and leptin resistance in C57Bl=6J mice S Lin 1,
More informationSerum leptin in obesity is related to gender and body fat topography but does not predict successful weight loss
European Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 137 61 67 ISSN 0804-4643 Serum leptin in obesity is related to gender and body fat topography but does not predict successful weight loss Leo K Niskanen 1,2, Steven
More informationEffect of Immune Challenge on Different Genotypes: How Sick Do They Get?
Introduction Effect of Immune Challenge on Different Genotypes: How Sick Do They Get? M.T. Leininger, C.P. Portocarrero, C.A. Bidwell, M.E. Spurlock, J.N. Nielsen, and K.L. Houseknecht Department of Animal
More informationRole of the kidney in human leptin metabolism
Role of the kidney in human metabolism CHRISTIAN MEYER, 1 DAVE ROBSON, 1 NOYA RACKOVSKY, 1 VEENA NADKARNI, 1 AND JOHN GERICH 1,2 Departments of 1 Medicine and 2 Physiology and Pharmacology, University
More informationAssociation of poorly controlled diabetes with low serum leptin in morbid obesity
International Journal of Obesity (1997) 21, 556±561 ß 1997 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0307±0565/97 $12.00 Association of poorly controlled diabetes with low serum leptin in morbid obesity K CleÂment
More informationEffects of Prolonged Hyperinsulinemia on Serum Leptin in Normal Human Subjects
Effects of Prolonged Hyperinsulinemia on Serum Leptin in Normal Human Subjects Guenther Boden,* Xinhua Chen,* Jerzy W. Kolaczynski, and Marcia Polansky *Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism and
More informationYiying Zhang, PhD Research Scientist. Research Summary:
Yiying Zhang, PhD Research Scientist Research Summary: Address: Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center at Columbia University Medical Center Russ Berrie Medical Science Pavilion 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue New York,
More informationSerum leptin levels in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in relation to metabolic control and body mass index
European Journal of Endocrinology (1998) 138 501 509 ISSN 0804-4643 Serum leptin levels in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in relation to metabolic control and body mass
More informationLeptin, the product of the ob gene (1), is a satiety
The Weight-Reducing Effect of an Intracerebroventricular Bolus Injection of Leptin in Genetically fa/fa Rats Reduced Sensitivity Compared With Animals Isabelle Cusin, Franchise Rohner-Jeanrenaud, Alain
More informationLEPTIN, the obese (ob) gene product, is a 16-kDa peptide
0021-972X/97/$03.00/0 Vol. 82, No. 2 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 1997 by The Endocrine Society Sexual Dimorphism in Plasma Leptin Concentration* MOHAMMED
More informationOrchiectomy and response to testosterone in the development of obesity in young Otsuka- Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats
International Journal of Obesity (1998) 22, 318±324 ß 1998 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0307±0565/98 $12.00 Orchiectomy and response to testosterone in the development of obesity in young Otsuka-
More informationSerum Leptin Levels in Women throughout Life; Relationship to Body Mass Index and Serum Estradiol Levels
Serum Leptin Levels in Women throughout Life; Relationship to Body Mass Index and Serum Estradiol Levels Masayo YAMADA, Toshiya MATSUZAKI, Takeshi IWASA, Fumi SHIMIZU, Naoko TANAKA, Rie OGATA, Machiko
More informationCHANGES IN SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS DURING FASTING AND FOOD LIMITATION IN STELLER SEA LIONS
CHANGES IN SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS DURING FASTING AND FOOD LIMITATION IN STELLER SEA LIONS (EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS). Lorrie D. Rea * 1 Tim R. Nagy 2 1 Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
More informationChronic Stimulation of Leptin on Food Intake and Body Weight after Microinjection into the Ventromedial Hypothalamus of Conscious Rats
TAJ December 2006; Volume 19 Number 2 ISSN 1019-8555 The Journal of Teachers Association RMC, Rajshahi Original Article Chronic Stimulation of Leptin on Food Intake and Body Weight after Micro into the
More informationLow ambient temperature lowers cholecystokinin and leptin plasma concentrations in adult men
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Gastroenterology Volume 7 Number 2 Low ambient temperature lowers cholecystokinin and leptin plasma concentrations in adult men M Pizon, P Tomasic, K Sztefko, Z Szafran
More informationLeptin and Its Relation to Obesity and Insulin
Int. Jnl. Experimental Diab. Res., Vol. 2, pp. 217-223 Reprints available directly from the publisher Photocopying permitted by license only (C) 2001 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V. Published
More informationThe Ob protein (leptin) and the kidney
Kidney International, Vol. 53 (1998), pp. 1483 1487 The Ob protein (leptin) and the kidney KUMAR SHARMA and ROBERT V. CONSIDINE PERSPECTIVES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology,
More informationLEPTIN, THE obese (ob) gene product, is a fat cell-derived
0021-972X/97/$03.00/0 Vol. 82, No. 8 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 1997 by The Endocrine Society Glucocorticoid Regulation of Leptin Synthesis and Secretion
More informationClinical implications of leptin and its potential humoral regulators in long-term low-calorie diet therapy for obese humans
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION (2002) 56, 593 600 ß 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0954 3007/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/ejcn and its potential humoral regulators in long-term low-calorie diet therapy
More informationVariations in glucocorticoid levels within the physiological range affect plasma leptin levels
European Journal of Endocrinology (1998) 139 615 620 ISSN 0804-4643 Variations in glucocorticoid levels within the physiological range affect plasma leptin levels A Elimam, U Knutsson 1, M Brönnegård,
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE. Dose-Dependent Cortisol-Induced Increases in Plasma Leptin Concentration in Healthy Humans
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Dose-Dependent Cortisol-Induced Increases in Plasma Leptin Concentration in Healthy Humans John W. Newcomer, MD; Gregg Selke, BA; Angela Kelly Melson, MA; John Gross, BA; George P. Vogler,
More informationLeptin, the product of the ob/ob gene (1) is an adipose
Evidence for Leptin Binding to Proteins in Serum of Rodents and Humans: Modulation With Obesity Karen L. Houseknecht, Chris S. Mantzoros, Regina Kuliawat, Edward Hadro, Jeffrey S. Flier, and Barbara B.
More informationAbnormal regulation of the leptin gene in the pathogenesis of obesity
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 95, pp. 11852 11857, September 1998 Medical Sciences Abnormal regulation of the leptin gene in the pathogenesis of obesity ELLA IOFFE*, BYOUNG MOON, EILEEN CONNOLLY, AND
More informationLeptin Concentrations in Women in the San Antonio Heart Study: Effect of Menopausal Status and Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy
American Journal of EpWemtokagy Copyright O 1997 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health All rights reserved Vol. 146, No. 7 Printed In USA. A BRIEF ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Leptin
More informationDevelopment of a sensitive ELISA for human leptin, using monoclonal antibodies
Clinical Chemistry 44:10 2165 2171 (1998) Endocrinology and Metabolism Development of a sensitive ELISA for human leptin, using monoclonal antibodies Keiichi Imagawa, 1 Yayoi Matsumoto, 1 Yoshito Numata,
More informationIntroduction. Methods
International Journal of Obesity (1998) 22, 728±733 ß 1998 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0307±0565/98 $12.00 http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/ijo Short term response of circulating leptin to feeding
More informationRelationship of the white blood cell count to body fat: role of leptin
British Journal of Haematology, 1997, 99, 447 451 Relationship of the white blood cell count to body fat: role of leptin CHARLTON A. WILSON, 1,2 GENENE BEKELE, 1,3 MARGERY NICOLSON, 4 ERIC RAVUSSIN 1 AND
More informationLeptin Secretion from Adipose Tissue in Women
Leptin Secretion from Adipose Tissue in Women Relationship to Plasma Levels and Gene Expression Fredrik Lönnqvist,* Louise Nordfors, Mårten Jansson, Anders Thörne, Martin Schalling, and Peter Arner* *Department
More informationDecreased food intake does not completely account for adiposity
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 1726-173, February 1996 Physiology Decreased food intake does not completely account for adiposity reduction after ob protein infusion NANCY LEVIN*t, CHRIS NELSONt,
More informationCopyright : 2002, Blackwell Science Ltd
Deakin Research Online Deakin University s institutional research repository DDeakin Research Online Research Online This is the author s final peer reviewed version of the item published as: Sanigorski,
More informationLeptin concentrations in the follicular phase of spontaneous cycles and cycles superovulated with follicle stimulating hormone
Human Reproduction vol.13 no.5 pp.1152 1156, 1998 Leptin concentrations in the follicular phase of spontaneous cycles and cycles superovulated with follicle stimulating hormone I.E.Messinis 1,4, S.Milingos
More informationIL-1 mediates leptin induction during inflammation
IL-1 mediates leptin induction during inflammation RAFFAELLA FAGGIONI, 1 GIAMILA FANTUZZI, 2 JOHN FULLER, 1 CHARLES A. DINARELLO, 2 KENNETH R. FEINGOLD, 1 AND CARL GRUNFELD 1 1 Metabolism Section, Veterans
More informationLeptin effect in ob/ob mice under thermoneutral conditions depends not necessarily on central satiation
Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 278: R790 R795, 2000 rapid communication Leptin effect in ob/ob mice under thermoneutral conditions depends not necessarily on central satiation JOHANNES
More informationPlasma leptin levels in infants of diabetic mothers in fasting and satiety states
The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics 2004; 46: 142-146 Original Plasma leptin levels in infants of diabetic mothers in fasting and satiety states Peyami Cinaz 1, Aysun Bideci 1, M. Orhun Çamurdan 1, Emel
More informationMOUSE AND RAT LEPTIN ELISA
MOUSE AND RAT LEPTIN ELISA Product Data Sheet Cat. No.: 40055200005 For Research Use Only Page 1 of 20 VERSION 07 180809 99 CONTENTS 1. INTENDED USE 3 2. STORAGE, EXPIRATION 3 3. INTRODUCTION 3 4. TEST
More informationHuman Leptin ELISA, Clinical Range
BioVendor Laboratory Medicine, Inc. Palackeho tr. 56 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Phone: +420549124185 Fax: +420549211460 email: info@biovendor.com http://www.biovendor.com European Union: BioVendor GmbH
More informationMOUSE AND RAT LEPTIN ELISA. Product Data Sheet. Cat. No.: For Research Use Only. Page 1 of A
MOUSE AND RAT LEPTIN ELISA Product Data Sheet Cat. No.: 40055200005 For Research Use Only Page 1 of 19 001.A CONTENTS 1. INTENDED USE 3 2. STORAGE, EXPIRATION 3 3. INTRODUCTION 3 4. TEST PRINCIPLE 4 5.
More informationPAPER Obesity is associated with decreasing levels of the circulating soluble leptin receptor in humans
(2002) 26, 496 503 ß 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0307 0565/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/ijo PAPER Obesity is associated with decreasing levels of the circulating soluble leptin receptor
More informationOriginal Research Article
IUBMB Life, 48: 109±113, 1999 Copyright c 1999 IUBMB 1521-6543/99 $12.00 +.00 Original Research Article Effects of Genetic and Diet-Induced Obesity on Lipid Metabolism Roksan Libinaki, Mark Heffernan,
More informationMOUSE AND RAT LEPTIN ELISA. Product Data Sheet. Cat. No.: BIV-RD R. For Research Use Only
Li StarFish S.r.l. Via Cavour, 35 20063 Cernusco S/N (MI), Italy Tel. +390292150794 Fax. +390292157285 info@listarfish.it www.listarfish.it MOUSE AND RAT LEPTIN ELISA Product Data Sheet Cat. No.: BIVRD291001200R
More informationExperimental and Clinical Studies on Plasma Leptin in Obese Dogs
FULL PAPER Biochemistry Experimental and Clinical Studies on Plasma Leptin in Obese Dogs Katsumi ISHIOKA 1), Mohamed M. SOLIMAN 1), Mayumi SAGAWA 2), Fumio NAKADOMO 3), Haruki SHIBATA 4), Tsutomu HONJOH
More informationDeterminants of leptin gene expression in fat depots of lean mice
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 282: R226 R234, 2002; 10.1152/ajpregu.00392.2001. Determinants of leptin gene expression in fat depots of lean mice YIYING ZHANG, 1 KAI-YING GUO, 1 PATRICIA
More informationAbstract. Introduction
European Journal of Endocrinology (1998) 138 70 75 Leptin concentrations in serum from a randomly recruited sample of 50- to 80-year-old men and women: positive association with plasma insulin-like growth
More informationMethod of leptin dosing, strain, and group housing influence leptin sensitivity in high-fat-fed weanling mice
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284: R87 R100, 2003; 10.1152/ajpregu.00431.2002. Method of leptin dosing, strain, and group housing influence leptin sensitivity in high-fat-fed weanling mice HEATHER
More informationLeptin, a 16-kilodalton protein, is involved in the. Gender-Dependent Alterations in Serum Leptin in Alcoholic Cirrhosis. Materials and Methods
GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;115:947 953 Gender-Dependent Alterations in Serum Leptin in Alcoholic Cirrhosis ARTHUR J. MCCULLOUGH,* ELISABETTA BUGIANESI, GIULIO MARCHESINI, and SATISH C. KALHAN* *Departments
More informationMouse Leptin ELISA Kit (mleptin-elisa)
Mouse Leptin ELISA Kit (mleptin-elisa) Cat. No. EK0438 96 Tests in 8 x 12 divisible strips Background Leptin (or obese, OB) is a circulating hormone that is expressed abundantly and specifically in the
More informationChanges and clinical significance of serum vaspin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes
Changes and clinical significance of serum vaspin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes L. Yang*, S.J. Chen*, G.Y. Yuan, D. Wang and J.J. Chen Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu
More informationSerum leptin and insulin levels during chronic diurnal fasting
483 Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 2003;12 (4):483-487 Original Article Serum leptin and insulin levels during chronic diurnal fasting Salah Kassab MD, PhD 1, Tarik Abdul-Ghaffar PhD 1, Das S Nagalla MD 2, Usha
More informationLeptin a slimmer s dream that crashed?
ejifcc: The Electronic Journal Of The International Federation Of Clinical Chemistry And Laboratory Medicine How to cite this article: Leptin a slimmer s dream that crashed?, Karlsson C, ejifcc, vol 12
More informationLeptin (Mouse/Rat) ELISA. For the quantitative determination of leptin in mouse or rat serum and plasma.
Leptin (Mouse/Rat) ELISA For the quantitative determination of leptin in mouse or rat serum and plasma. For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures. Catalog Number: 22-LEPMS-E01 Size: 96
More informationTECO Leptin. Human Leptin ELISA. Instructions for Use English. Catalogue No. TE1016 For Research Use Only.
TECO Leptin Human Leptin ELISA Instructions for Use English Catalogue No. TE1016 For Research Use Only. TE1016_02e 11/2008 TECOmedical Group Symbol Description Kit Instructions LOT Lot Number Exp Expiry
More informationFigure 1: The leptin/melanocortin pathway Neuronal populations propagate the signaling of various molecules (leptin, insulin, ghrelin) to control
Leptin Deficiency Introduction The leptin/melanocortin pathway plays a key role in the hypothalamic control of food intake. It is activated following the systemic release of the adipokine leptin (LEP)
More informationTumor Necrosis Factor- Contributes to Obesity-related Hyperleptinemia by Regulating Leptin Release from Adipocytes
Tumor Necrosis Factor- Contributes to Obesity-related Hyperleptinemia by Regulating Leptin Release from Adipocytes Todd G. Kirchgessner,* K. Teoman Uysal, Sarah M. Wiesbrock, Michael W. Marino, and Gökhan
More informationChapter 12. Ingestive Behavior
Chapter 12 Ingestive Behavior Drinking a. fluid compartments b. osmometric thirst c. volumetric thirst Eating a. energy sources b. starting a meal c. stopping a meal d. eating disordersd Drinking a. fluid
More informationLEPTIN, A HORMONE secreted from adipose tissue (1),
0013-7227/01/$03.00/0 Vol. 142, No. 1 Endocrinology Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2001 by The Endocrine Society Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Leptin Accumulate Adipose Mass at an Older, But Not Younger,
More informationLeptin Accelerates the Onset of Puberty in Normal Female Mice
Rapid Publication Leptin Accelerates the Onset of Puberty in Normal Female Mice Rexford S. Ahima, Jody Dushay, Sarah N. Flier, Daniel Prabakaran, and Jeffrey S. Flier Department of Medicine, Division of
More informationKey words: hypoventilation syndrome; obesity; respiratory depression; subcutaneous fat; visceral fat
Fat Accumulation, Leptin, and Hypercapnia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome* Ryuhi Shimura, MD; Koichiro Tatsumi, MD, FCCP; Akira Nakamura, MD; Yasunori Kasahara, MD, FCCP; Nobuhiro Tanabe,
More informationand type 2 diabetes mellitus
(2000) 24, 976±981 ß 2000 Macmillan Publishers Ltd All rights reserved 0307±0565/00 $15.00 www.nature.com/ijo ]>Relative hypoleptinemia in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus M Roden 1 *,
More informationLeptin - Endocrine Signal Regulating the Onset of Post-weaning Estrus in Pigs
Leptin - Endocrine Signal Regulating the Onset of Post-weaning Estrus in Pigs Christa M. Cook 1, Robert A. Easter 2, Janice M. Bahr 3 1 University of Illinois, Ph.D. Candidate; 2 University of Illinois
More informationBIOL212 Biochemistry of Disease. Metabolic Disorders - Obesity
BIOL212 Biochemistry of Disease Metabolic Disorders - Obesity Obesity Approx. 23% of adults are obese in the U.K. The number of obese children has tripled in 20 years. 10% of six year olds are obese, rising
More informationLeptin: its role in obesity and beyond
Diabetologia (1997) 40: 1371±1379 Springer-Verlag 1997 Review Leptin: its role in obesity and beyond N.A. Tritos 1, 2, C. S. Mantzoros 1 1 Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
More informationHuman Leptin ELISA Kit
OriGene Technologies, Inc 9620 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 Phone: 1.888.267.4436 Fax: 301-340-9254 Email: techsupport@origene.com Web: www.origene.com Human Leptin ELISA Kit Catalog
More informationRUDY M. ORTIZ, DAWN P. NOREN, BEATE LITZ, AND C. LEO ORTIZ Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 281: E1347 E1351, 2001. A new perspective on adiposity in a naturally obese mammal rapid communication RUDY M. ORTIZ, DAWN P. NOREN, BEATE LITZ, AND C. LEO ORTIZ Department
More informationLeptin directly stimulates thermogenesis in skeletal muscle
FEBS 25896 FEBS Letters (2002) 109^113 Leptin directly stimulates thermogenesis in skeletal muscle Abdul G. Dulloo a;, Michael J. Stock b, Giovanni Solinas a, Olivier Boss a, Jean-Pierre Montani a, Josiane
More informationTHE PHENOTYPE OF the ob/ob mouse is characterized by
0013-7227/01/$03.00/0 Endocrinology 142(8):3421 3425 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2001 by The Endocrine Society Leptin-Deficient Mice Backcrossed to the BALB/cJ Genetic Background Have Reduced Adiposity,
More informationLeptin and energy expenditure Chris J. Hukshorn and Wim H.M. Saris
Leptin and energy expenditure Chris J Hukshorn and Wim HM Saris Purpose of review A fundamental advance in our understanding of endocrine control of energy balance and body weight came with the discovery
More informationObesity in aging: Hormonal contribution
Obesity in aging: Hormonal contribution Hormonal issues in obesity and aging Hormonal role in regulation of energy balance Genetic component in hormonal regulation Life style contribution to hormonal changes
More informationX/97/$03.00/0 Vol. 82, No. 4 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Copyright 1997 by The Endocrine Society
0021-972X/97/$03.00/0 Vol. 82, No. 4 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 1997 by The Endocrine Society COMMENTS The Metabolic Significance of Leptin in Humans:
More informationAbstract. Introduction
Serum Leptin level in Hyperthyroid Female Patients M. Baig, K.A. Karira*, A. Ahmed**, P. Zaidi**, K. Niaz**, S. Kamal** Department of Biochemistry HCM&D Hamdard University, Department Abstract Objective:
More informationZinc May Regulate Serum Leptin Concentrations in Humans
Original Paper Zinc May Regulate Serum Leptin Concentrations in Humans Christos S. Mantzoros, MD, Ananda S. Prasad, MD, MACN, Frances W.J. Beck, PhD, Susan Grabowski, PhD, Joseph Kaplan, MD, Connie Adair,
More informationSERUM LEPTIN AND CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS AFTER EXPOSURE TO NOISE STRESS IN RATS. Chandralekha. G, *Jeganathan R, **Viswanathan, ***Charan J.C.
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 12, No. 1, January 2005 (51-56) ORIGINAL ARTICLE SERUM LEPTIN AND CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS AFTER EXPOSURE TO NOISE STRESS IN RATS Chandralekha. G, *Jeganathan R,
More informationIt has long been appreciated that adrenalectomy prevents
Adrenalectomy Reverses Obese Phenotype and Restores Hypothalamic Melanocortin Tone in Leptin-Deficient ob/ob Mice Hideo Makimura, Tooru M. Mizuno, James Roberts, Jeff Silverstein, Joe Beasley, and Charles
More informationKey words: hypoxemia; obesity; obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome; subcutaneous fat accumulation; visceral fat accumulation
Sleep Oxygen Desaturation and Circulating Leptin in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome* Koichiro Tatsumi, MD, FCCP; Yasunori Kasahara, MD; Katsushi Kurosu, MD; Nobuhiro Tanabe, MD, FCCP; Yuichi
More informationLongitudinal changes of circadian leptin, insulin and cortisol plasma levels and their correlation during refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa
European Journal of Endocrinology (2000) 142 373 379 ISSN 0804-4643 CLINICAL STUDY Longitudinal changes of circadian leptin, insulin and cortisol plasma levels and their correlation during refeeding in
More informationLEPTIN (Human) ELISA Kit Protocol (Catalog No. EK )
LEPTIN (Human) ELISA Kit Protocol (Catalog No. EK-003-12) TALE OF CONTENT Introduction and Protocol Overview 4 List of Components 6 Materials Required but Not Supplied 6 Reagent Preparation 7 Human Leptin
More informationThe discovery of leptin and its receptor has revealed
Transient Effects of Long-Term Leptin Supplementation in the Prevention of Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice Richard S. Surwit, Christopher L. Edwards, Suma Murthy, and Ann E. Petro Low plasma leptin levels
More informationNaohito AOKI, Erina ARAKAWA and Miyuki ITO. Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University Tsu ABSTRACT
Naohito AOKI, Erina ARAKAWA and Miyuki ITO Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University Tsu 514-857 ABSTRACT C57BL/6J mice (male, 4wk old) were fed low fat diet (LF), high
More informationCirculating leptin levels during ovulation induction: relation to adiposity and ovarian morphology
FERTILITY AND STERILITY VOL. 73, NO. 3, MARCH 2000 Copyright 2000 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Published by Elsevier Science Inc. Printed on acid-free paper in U.S.A. Circulating leptin levels
More informationCorrelation between circulating leptin and luteinizing hormone during the menstrual cycle in normal-weight women
European Journal of Endocrinology (1998) 139 190 194 ISSN 0804-4643 Correlation between circulating leptin and luteinizing hormone during the menstrual cycle in normal-weight women Tomi Teirmaa, Virve
More informationLeptin, gut, and food intake
Biochemical Pharmacology 63 2002) 1579±1583 Commentary Leptin, gut, and food intake Anoja S. Attele a, Zhi Q. Shi b, Chun-Su Yuan a,c,* a Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago,
More informationMetabolic responses to leptin in obese db/db mice are strain dependent
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 281: R115 R132, 2001. Metabolic responses to leptin in obese db/db mice are strain dependent RUTH B. S. HARRIS, TIFFANY D. MITCHELL, XIAOLANG YAN, JACOB
More informationThe age-related di erences in obese and fatty acid synthase gene expression in white adipose tissue of rat
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1533 (2001) 73^80 www.bba-direct.com The age-related di erences in obese and fatty acid synthase gene expression in white adipose tissue of rat Anna Nogalska, Julian Swierczynski
More informationORIGINAL ARTICLE. Effect of raised body fat on vitamin D, leptin and bone mass
1315 Effect of raised body fat on vitamin D, leptin and bone mass Syeda Sadia Fatima, 1 Saad Farooq, 2 Maaida Asif Tauni, 3 Omar Irfan, 4 Faiza Alam 5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Abstract Objectives: To estimate
More informationRegulation of leptin by agouti
Physiol Genomics 2: 101 105, 2000. Regulation of leptin by agouti KATE J. CLAYCOMBE, 1 BING ZHONG XUE, 1 RANDALL L. MYNATT, 2 MICHAEL B. ZEMEL, 1 AND NAIMA MOUSTAID-MOUSSA 1 1 Department of Nutrition,
More informationSupplemental methods. Total RNA was extracted from the stomach, liver, pancreas, pituitary, and
Supplemental methods Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Semi-quantitative PCR Total RNA was extracted from the stomach, liver, pancreas, pituitary, and hypothalamus as previously described (). Primers and
More informationRegulation of serum leptin levels by gonadal function in rats
European Journal of Endocrinology (1999) 140 468 473 ISSN 0804-4643 Regulation of serum leptin levels by gonadal function in rats L Pinilla 1, L M Seoane 2, L Gonzalez 1, E Carro 2, E Aguilar 1, F F Casanueva
More informationLDM ' vs ' Normal WW' vs ' BW' vs ' DBW' vs ' DWW
International Journal of Obesity (1999) 23, 909±917 ß 1999 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0307±0565/99 $15.00 http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/ijo Free fatty acids and insulin levelsðrelationship to
More informationYK052 Mouse Leptin ELISA
YK052 Mouse Leptin ELISA FOR LABORATORY USE ONLY YANAIHARA INSTITUTE INC. 2480-1 AWAKURA, FUJINOMIYA-SHI SHIZUOKA, JAPAN 418-0011 Contents Ⅰ. Introduction 2 Ⅱ. Characteristics 3 Ⅲ. Composition 4 Ⅳ. Method
More informationhuman Leptin SENSITIVE ELISA
human Leptin SENSITIVE ELISA Enzyme-Immunoassay for the high-sensitive Quantitative Determination of human Leptin (Obese Protein) Product-Code: E077 (96 determinations) For EU: 0 DE/CA40/00809/21 For EU:
More informationEffects of growth hormone treatment on the leptin system and on energy expenditure in abdominally obese men
European Journal of Endocrinology (1998) 138 408 414 ISSN 0804-4643 Effects of growth hormone treatment on the leptin system and on energy expenditure in abdominally obese men Cecilia Karlsson, Kaj Stenlöf
More informationAtherosclerotic cardiovascular complications are the major
lasma Concentrations of a Novel, Adipose-Specific rotein, Adiponectin, in Type 2 atients Kikuko Hotta, Tohru Funahashi, Yukio Arita, Masahiko Takahashi, Morihiro Matsuda, Yoshihisa Okamoto, Hiromi Iwahashi,
More informationBrief Critical Reviews
Brief Critical Reviews March 2003: 101 104 Ghrelin: Update 2003 Ghrelin is a recently described peptide hormone that is secreted by endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Although its initial discovery
More informationEFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WEIGHT LOSS PROTOCOLS ON SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS. Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology 1, Department of
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WEIGHT LOSS PROTOCOLS ON SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS IN OBESE FEMALES Oguz Ozcelik 1, Halil Dogan 2, Husnu Celik 3, Ahmet Ayar 1, Selami Serhatlioglu 4, Haluk Kelestimur 1 Firat University,
More informationBody Mass Index Chart = overweight; = obese; >40= extreme obesity
Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus R. Leibel Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center 25 February 2008 Body Mass Index Chart 25-29.9 = overweight; 30-39.9= obese; >40= extreme obesity 5'0" 5'2" Weight (lbs)
More informationRuth B. S. Harris, Tiffany D. Mitchell, Xiaolang Yan, Jacob S. Simpson and Stephen M. Redmann, Jr.
Metabolic responses to leptin in obesedb/db mice are strain dependent Ruth B. S. Harris, Tiffany D. Mitchell, Xiaolang Yan, Jacob S. Simpson and Stephen M. Redmann, Jr. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
More informationSecular increases in waist ± hip ratio among Swedish women
International Journal of Obesity (1998) 22, 1116±1120 ß 1998 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0307±0565/98 $12.00 http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/ijo Secular increases in waist ± hip ratio among Swedish
More informationIncreased Circulating Leptin in Alcoholic Cirrhosis: Relation to Release and Disposal
Increased Circulating Leptin in Alcoholic Cirrhosis: Relation to Release and Disposal JENS H. HENRIKSEN, 1 JENS JUUL HOLST, 2 SØREN MØLLER, 1 KIM BRINCH, 1 AND FLEMMING BENDTSEN 3 Abbreviations: BMI, body
More information