Food Defense: The Necessity of Its Implementation in Indonesia

Transcription

1 Food Defense: The Necessity of Its Implementation in Indonesia Dedi Fardiaz Department of Food Science and Technology, and SEAFAST CENTER BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Food Defense - the protection of food products from contamination or adulteration intended to cause public health harm or economic disruption Food Safety - the protection of food products from unintentional contamination Food Security - when all people, at all times, have both physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2014) 1

2 From Food Safety to Food Defense in Indonesia Bioterrorism Act enforced in USA 2001 INRASFF (Indonesian Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed) established How to put Food Defense strategy together with the RMP by the Food Industry Biosecurity and Biocontainment RMP implemented was introduced by Food Industries NADFC Government Regulation No. 28/2004 on Food Safety, Quality, and Nutrition The establishment of Center for Food Safety Alert and Response was initiated by NADFC Plan to establish National Agency for Chemical, Biological, and Nuclear Anti Terrorism INRASFF linked to ARASFF RMP (Risk Management Program) for Food Industry was launched New Draft of Government Regulation on Food Safety ready In 2004, following the enforcement of Bioterrorism Act, USA (12 December 2013), a working group representing related ministries and agencies was established to discuss the formation of National Agency for Chemical, Biological, and Nuclear Anti Terrorism Main Objectives: To prevent the occurrence of chemical, biological, and nuclear terrorism, to reduce its threat, and to minimize the loss and damage because of the terror 2

3 Possible problem in our food supply: FMD, BSE, Avian Influenza, Anthrax, Rabies, Bovine Brucellosis, Salmonellosis, Pathogen Infection, Hazardous Chemicals Contamination, etc. How does the contamination occur? Unintentional contamination, because of inadequate or lack of good practices (GAP, GHP, GMP, etc.) Intentional contamination, for possible sabotage, bioterrorism or agroterrorism purposes Dedi Fardiaz RISTEK, 05/05/ FMD impact by the region and by the type of cost It does not include the losses due to trade restrictions, the costs of diagnostics and surveillance required to prevent and control FMD. US$ 5 billion estimated for global FMD annual impacts 3

4 What are required? Biosecurity Biosecurity practices include measures that reduce the risk of disease introduction on an operation Biocontainment Biocontainment practices include measures that reduce the spread of disease on an operation and from one operation to another Dedi Fardiaz RISTEK, 05/05/ Biological Threat? (CDC, US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000) Category A. These high-priority agents include organisms or toxins that pose the highest risk to the public and national security because: They can be easily spread or transmitted from person to person They result in high death rates and have the potential for major public health impact They might cause public panic and social disruption They require special action for public health preparedness variola major (smallpox) Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) Yersinia pestis (plaque) Clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism) Francisella tularensis (tularaemia) filoviruses (Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Marburg hemorrhagic fever), arenaviruses (Lassa fever, Junin-Argentina hemorrhagic fever) Dedi Fardiaz RISTEK, 05/05/

5 Category B These agents are the second highest priority because: They are moderately easy to spread They result in moderate illness rates and low death rates They require specific enhancements of CDC's laboratory capacity and enhanced disease monitoring Coxiela burnetii (Q fever) Brucella sp (brucellosis) Burkholderia mallei (glanders) alphavirus (Venezuelan encephalomyelitis) ricin toxin dari Ricinus communis (castor beans) epsilon toxin dari Clostridium perfringens, dan Staphylococcus enterotoxin B Including pathogens from food or water: Salmonella sp Shigella dysenteriae Escherichia coli O157:H7 Vibrio cholerae Cryptosporidium parvum Dedi Fardiaz RISTEK, 05/05/ Category C These third highest priority agents include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass spread in the future because: They are easily available They are easily produced and spread They have potential for high morbidity and mortality rates and major health impact Nipah virus hantaviruses tickborne hemorrhagic fever viruses tickborne encephalitis viruses yellow fever multidrug-resistant tuberculosis Dedi Fardiaz RISTEK, 05/05/

6 Critical Chemical Threat? Chemical agents that might be used by terrorists range from warfare agents to toxic chemicals commonly used in industry. Criteria for determining priority chemical agents include: (1) chemical agents already known to be used as weaponry; (2) availability of chemical agents to potential terrorists; (3) chemical agents likely to cause major morbidity or mortality; (4) potential of agents for causing public panic and social disruption; and (5) agents that require special action for public health preparedness nerve agents (tabun, sarin, soman, GF, VX) blood agents (HCN, cyanogen chloride) blister agents (lewisite, nitrogen and sulfur mustards, phosgene oxime) heavy metals (As, Pb, Hg) volatile toxins (benzene, chloroform, trihalomethanes) pulmonary agents (phosgene, chlorine, vinyl chloride) incapacitating agents (BZ) pesticides, persistent dan nonpersistent dioxins, furans, PCBs explosive nitro compounds and oxidizers (ammonium nitrate) flammable industrial gases and liquids (gasoline, propane) poison industrial gases, liquids, and solids (cyanides, nitriles) corrosive industrial acids and bases (nitric acid, sulfuric acid) Dedi Fardiaz RISTEK, 05/05/ INFOSAN Emergency Alert Melamine-contaminated powdered infant formula, China 16 September 2008 Chemical Abstracts Service [CAS] No N NH 2 N 1g melamine per Kg of milk raise the apparent protein content from 2.7% to 3.1% H 2 N N NH 2 Melamine Example of Adulterated Food (Intentional Addition of Melamine in Milk) that shocked the World Dedi Fardiaz RiskB & RMP, 23/08/

7 Anticipation against bioterrorism Preparedness for emergency conditions and its preventive action Detection and surveillance (needs supports from testing laboratory and epidemiologic observations) Diagnosis and characterization of biological and chemical agents Rapid response in emergency situation Prompt risk communication Dedi Fardiaz Persagi, Bali, WHO Proposed Linkage Model (WHO, 2002) WHO Regional & Country Offices WHO Outbreak Alert & Response System National Outbreak Alert & Response System WHO Food Safety Emergency Coordinating Body National Food Safety Emergency Coordinating Body International Level National Level Foodborne Disease Surveillance & Investigation Systems Other intelligence, i.e. pharmaceutical usage information & poison control centers Recall & tracing systems Food import inspection Food control laboratories Industry alert systems Agriculture alert systems Food safety risk assessment Food technology expertise Food contaminant monitoring Dedi Fardiaz Persagi, Bali,

8 ASEAN-RASFF and EU-RASFF or INFOSAN and IHR Indonesian-RASFF (INRASFF) International Level National Level Food Safety Monitoring & Surveillance Center for Food Safety Alert & Response (CFSAR) Foodborne Disease Investigation, Rapid Response Poison Information System District Governments ALERT RESPONSE The establishment ARASFF of the Bangkok, Center 31/03/2009 for Food Safety Alert and Response was initiated by NADFC 15 INRASFF Risk analysis-based Integrated Food Safety System INRASFF INARAC (Indonesian Risk Assessment Center) NATIONAL FOOD SAFETY COMMITTEE Dedi Fardiaz Strategi, BPOM 3 November

9 INRASFF (Indonesia Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed) INDONESIA FOOD TESTING LABORATORY NETWORK INRASFF INARAC (Indonesia Risk Assessment Center) Article 38, Draft of the New Government Regulation on Food Safety (1) If there are any allegations of violation against food safety requirements in each food chain, the Head of NADFC, Governor, or Regent/Mayor shall be authorized to stop the production and/or the distribution, and to hold the food in the market (2) Allegations of violation against food safety requirements as contemplated in paragraph (1) cover: a. does not comply with sanitation requirements; b. the use of prohibited chemicals for food or packaging; c. the use of excessive food additives above the maximum permitted level; d. the food contains contaminants above the maximum limit; e. the food already expired; f. allegations for adulteration or biological terrorism; g. food without permit for sale; and/or h. other allegations of violation as determined by the law. 9

10 These principles provide a guide and direction for food safety development and implementation including food safety regulatory systems in ASEAN Member States Principle 1: Integrated 'Food Chain' Approach Principle 2: Systematic Risk Analysis Framework Principle 3: Science-based, Independent Risk Assessment Process Principle 4: Primary Responsibility of Food Business Operators Principle 5: Consistency with ATIGA and WTO s SPS and TBT Agreements Principle 6: Equivalence and Mutual Recognition Principle 7: Harmonisation with International Standards Principle 8: Reliable Traceability System Principle 9: Strengthening and Harmonization of Regional and National Food Control Systems Principle 10: Transparency Dedi Fardiaz Jakarta, Indonesia, September 21, Food safety assurance and control systems should be in-place at every step of the food chain from primary production to consumption Principle 1: Integrated 'Food Chain' Approach Principle 2: Systematic Risk Analysis Framework Principle 3: Science-based, Independent Risk Assessment Process Principle 4: Primary Responsibility of Food Business Operators Principle 5: Consistency with ATIGA and WTO s SPS and TBT Agreements Principle 6: Equivalence and Mutual Recognition Principle 7: Harmonisation with International Standards Principle 8: Reliable Traceability System Principle 9: Strengthening and Harmonization of Regional and National Food Control Systems Principle 10: Transparency Dedi Fardiaz Jakarta, Indonesia, September 21,

11 Food defense may be inserted in Risk Management Program by the Food industry Risk Management Program (RMP) as Food Industry Assurance to Protect Consumers FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY PRODUCT ASSURANCE A program initiated by the National Agency for Drug and Food Control (NADFC) to encourage food industries in developing their own Risk Management Program to control foodborne diseases risk In general the program will strengthen the capacity and competency of food industries in assuring the safety and quality of the foods they produce The RMP is prepared, developed, applied, monitored, and evaluated by the Food Industries and reported to NADFC NADFC pr RMP Guidelines for Food Industries RMP Process: Food defense-related information may be inserted here Mandatory for Infant Formula, and LACF (Low Acid Canned Food) Industries 1. Registering account and password on-line 2. Uploading data as required (processing flow chart, applications of GMP, HACCP, process control, internal audit, etc) 3. On-line verification 4. On-site verification 5. RMP recognition 6. Routine risk management reporting based on internal audit (every 6 months) online 11

12 Thank You Very Much 12