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9 +' ()* '$! "#$ %& A New Focus of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Dehbakry Region of Bam District, Southeastern Iran 2008 *! " # $ 1. Master Student of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran 2. Professor of Parasitology, Leishmaniasis Research Center & Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 3. Instructor, Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 4. Instructor, Leishmaniasis Research Center & Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 5. School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran 6. Master in Medical Parasitology, Leishmaniasis Research Center, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran * Corresponding author, iraj.sharifi@yahoo.com Abstract Background and aims: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is still a health problem in the world, including Iran where its cases have significantly increased in recent years. The objective of this study was to assess a new focus of anthroponotic CL in rural communities after the earthquake in Bam district. Method: After the report of the provincial health authorities, this study has been carried out in the summer of 2008 in Dehbakry region, Bam district, Kerman province in southeastern Iran. Results: Overall, 3884 individuals consisting of 1913 females (49.3%) and 1971 males (50.7%) were physically examined for the presence of active lesions or scars. The overall prevalence rate was 5.3%; 6.3% in females and 4. 3% in males with no significant difference. Most of the infection was in age group 10 years (9.3%) and the lowest in year group (2.9%). The prevalence rate was significantly (P<0.001) higher in native residents (4.1%) than in non _ natives (1.1%). Most of the lesions were on the face (47%), and hands (34%). The majority (78%) had one lesion. Most of the cases had occurred during PCR technique revealed all 26 examined cases as Leishmania tropica. Conclusion: All the cases have occurred after the earthquake and simultaneously with epidemic condition in the city of Bam. Traveling from endemic areas of Bam to this locality could be the main factor for establishment of this new ACL focus. Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Epidemiology, Bam Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2010; 17(1): 15-24
10 References 1. Desjeux P. Leishmaniasis: Current situation and new perspectives. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 27(5): Desjeux P. The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 2001; 95(3): Moemenbellah-Fard M.D, Kalantari M, Rassi Y, Javadian E. The PCR- based detection of Leishmania major infections in Meriones libycus (Rodentia: Muridae) from southern Iran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2003, 97(8): Ardehali S, Rezaei H, Nadim A. Leishmania parasite and leishmaniases. 2 nd ed., Tehran university publication, 1994; pp1-20 [Persian]. 5. Center for Management of Diseases, Office of Zoonotic Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Management of coutaneus leishmaniasis program for Bam. 2008; pp1-56 [Persian]. 6. Nadim A, Aflatoonian M.R. Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the city of Bam, southeast Iran. Iranian J Publ Health 1995; 24(1-2): [Persian]. 7. Sharifi I, Zemani F, Aflatoonian MR, Fekri AR. A report of cutaneous leishmaniasis epidemic and its probable causative factors in Baft district, Kerman province. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology 2008; 4(1): 53-8 [Persian]. 8. Yaghoobi%Ershadi M.R., Hanafi-Bojd A.A., Akhavan A.A., Zahrai-Ramazani A.R., Mohebali M. Epidemiological study in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major in Ardestan town central Iran. Acta Trop 2001; 79(2): Yaghoobi%Ershadi M.R., Hanafi-Bojd A.A., Javadian E, Jafari R, Zahraei-Ramazani A.R., Mohebali M. A new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica. Saudi Med J 2002; 23(3): Sharifi I, Ardehali S, Motazedian H, Aflatoonian M.R., Fekri A.R., Ahmadi Mousavi M.R. Identification and characterization of Leishmania isolates in school children in Bam, south- eastern Iran. Iranian J Med Sci 1994; 22(3,4). 11. Sharifi I, Fekri A.R., Aflatoonian M.R, Nadim A, Nikian Y, Khamesipour A. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in primary school children in the eastern Iranian city of Bam Bull World Health Organ 1998; 76(3): Mahboudi F, Abolhassan M, Yaran M, Mobtaker H, Azizi M. Indentification and differentiation of Iranian Leishmania species by PCR amplification of kdna. Scand J Infect Dis 200l; 33(8): Murray H.W., Berman J.D., Davies C.R., Saravia NG. Advances in leishmaniasis. Lancet 2005; 366(9496): Afkar A, Sharifi I, Aflatoonian M.R., Fasihi- Harandi M, Fotouhi Ardakani R, Nosratabadi S.J. Epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bam and Barawat during 2005 and identification of the causative species by PCR. Presented in the 6 th Congress on Parasitic Diseases in Iran, Karaj, 1999 [Persian]. 15. Gangneux J.P., Menotti J, Lorenzo F, Sarfati C, Blanche H, Bui H, et al. prospective value of PCR amplification and sequencing for diagnosis and typing of old world Leishmania infections in an area of nonendemicity. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41(4):
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