The Grain Sorghum Ferris Wheel

Transcription

1 The Grain Sorghum Ferris Wheel Introduction Amy Moss A Luke instagram

2 Presently, 628 million broilers processed An increasing annual requirement of over 3 million tonnes of rations, in the order of 2 million tonnes of feed grains, to grow broiler chickens out to 5-7 weeks

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4 RIRDC Chicken-meat Sorghum Projects PRJ A review of the nutritive value of sorghum for broilers (WL Bryden) PRJ Steam-pelleting temperatures of sorghum-based broiler diets (PH Selle) PRJ Evaluation of sodium bisulphite in sorghum-based broiler diets (PH Selle) PRJ The factors influencing sorghum starch digestibility in broiler diets ( PH Selle)

5 RIRDC Chicken-meat reports Bryden WL, Selle PH, Cadogan DJ, Li X, Muller ND, Jordan DR, Gidley MJ, Hamilton WD (2009) A review of the nutritive value of sorghum for broilers. RIRDC Publication 09/077. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Barton, ACT. Selle PH (2015) Evaluation of sodium metabisulphite in sorghum-based meat chicken diets. RIRDC Publication 15/001. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Barton, ACT. Book chapter Selle PH, Liu SY, Cowieson AJ (2013) Sorghum: An enigmatic grain for chicken-meat production. In: Sorghum: Production, Growth Habits and Health Benefits. (Patricia C Parra, editor) pp Nova Publishers Inc. Hauppauge, NY. Invited conference paper Selle PH (2011) The protein quality of sorghum grain. Proceedings, Australian Poultry Science Symposium 22, Reviews Selle PH, Cadogan DJ, Li X, Bryden WL (2010) Implications of sorghum in broiler chicken nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology 156, Liu SY, Selle PH, Cowieson AJ, (2013) Strategies to enhance the performance of pigs and poultry on sorghum-based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 181, 1-14.

6 Liu SY and Selle PH (2015) A consideration of starch and protein digestive dynamics in chicken-meat production. World s Poultry Science Journal 71, Liu SY, Fox G, Khoddami A, Neilsen KA, Truong HH, Moss AF, Selle PH (2015) Grain sorghum: a conundrum for chicken-meat production. Agriculture 5, Research papers Selle PH, Liu SY, Cai J, Cowieson AJ (2012) Steam-pelleting and feed form of broiler diets based on three coarsely ground sorghums influences growth performance, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility. Animal Production Science 52, Selle PH, Liu SY, Cai J, Cowieson AJ (2012) Steam-pelleting and feed form of broiler diets based on three coarsely ground sorghums influences growth performance, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility. Animal Production Science 52, Selle PH, Liu SY, Cai J, Cowieson AJ (2013) Steam-pelleting temperatures, grain variety, feed form and protease supplementation of mediumly-ground, sorghum-based broiler diets: influences on growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility. Animal Production Science 53, Selle PH, Liu SY, Cai J, Cowieson AJ (2013) Steam-pelleting temperatures and grain variety of finely-ground, sorghum-based broiler diets. I. Influence on growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility. Animal Production Science 54,

7 Selle PH, Liu SY, Cai J, Caldwell RA, Cowieson AJ (2013) Preliminary assessment of including a reducing agent (sodium metabisulphite) in all-sorghum diets for broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 186, Liu SY, Selle PH, Cowieson AJ (2013) The kinetics of starch and nitrogen digestion regulate growth performance and nutrient utilisation in coarsely-ground, sorghum-based broiler diets. Animal Production Science, 53, Liu SY, Selle PH, Cowieson AJ (2013) Protease supplementation of sorghum-based broiler diets enhances amino acid digestibility coefficients in four small intestinal sites and accelerates their rates of digestion. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 183, Liu SY, Selle PH, Cowieson AJ (2013) Influence of conditioning temperatures on amino acid digestibility coefficients in four small intestinal sites and their rates of digestion in sorghum-based broiler diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 185, Liu SY, Selle PH, Cowieson AJ (2013) Influence of white- and red-sorghum varieties and hydrothermal component of steam-pelleting on digestibility coefficients of amino acids and kinetics of amino acids, nitrogen and starch digestion in diets for broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 186,

8 Selle PH, Liu SY, Khoddami A, Cai J, Cowieson AJ (2014) Steam-pelleting temperatures and grain variety of finely-ground, sorghum-based broiler diets. I. Influence on growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility. Animal Production Science, 54, Liu SY, Selle PH, Cowieson AJ (2014) Steam-pelleting temperatures and grain variety of finely-ground, sorghum-based broiler diets. II. Influence on starch and nitrogen digestion kinetics in the small intestine of broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 13, Liu SY, Selle PH, Khoddami A, Roberts TH, Cowiesona AJ (2014) Graded inclusions of sodium metabisulphite in sorghum-based diets: II. Modification of starch pasting properties in vitro and beneficial impacts on starch digestion dynamics in broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 190, Selle PH, Liu SY, Cai J, Caldwell RA, Cowieson AJ (2014) Graded inclusions of sodium metabisulphite in sorghum-based diets: I. Reduction of disulphide cross-linkages in vitro and enhancement of energy utilisation and feed conversion efficiency in broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 190, Truong HH, Cadogan DJ, Liu SY, Selle PH (2015) Addition of sodium metabisulphite and microbial phytase individually and in combination, to a sorghum-based diet for broiler chickens from 7 to 28 days post-hatch. Animal Production Science dx.doi.org/ /an14841

9 Khoddami A, Truong HH, Liu SY, Roberts TH, Selle PH (2015) Concentrations of specific phenolic compounds in six red sorghums influence nutrient utilisation in broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology (article in press) Truong HH, Neilson KA, McInerney BV, Khoddami A, Roberts TH, Liu SY, Selle PH (2015) Performance of broiler chickens offered nutritionally-equivalent diets based on two red grain sorghums with quantified kafirin concentrations as intact pellets or reground mash following steam-pelleting at 65 or 97 C conditioning temperatures. Animal Nutrition (article in press). Truong HH, Neilson KA, McInerney BV, Khoddami A, Roberts TH, Cadogan DJ, Liu SY, Selle PH (2016) Comparative performance of broiler chickens offered nutritionallyequivalent diets based on six diverse, tannin-free sorghum varieties with quantified concentrations of phenolic compounds, kafirin, and phytate. Animal Production Science (submitted for publication)

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11 EXTENSION Sorghum TechNotes Feed Grain Partnership 1 Sorghum: An enigmatic grain. Ha Truong 2 Phytate in sorghum Why are responses to phytase as modest as they appear? Peter Selle, Ha Truong and Sonia Liu 3 Red versus white sorghums Part I Is white sorghum really better then red? Sonia Liu, Ha Truong and Peter Selle 4 Digestive dynamics of starch and protein Why it is important in sorghum-based broiler diets? Sonia Liu, Ha Truong and Peter Selle 5 Digestive dynamics of starch and protein Factors influencing digestive dynamics in sorghum-based broiler diets Sonia Liu, Ha Truong and Peter Selle

12 Sorghum TechNotes- Continued 6 Kafirin in sorghum Just how big a villain is this protein fraction? Peter H Selle, Ha H Truong and Sonia Yun Liu 7 An assessment of three grain sorghums by contour plots Sonia Liu, Ha Truong and Peter Selle 8 Additions of the reducing agent sodium metabisulphite in sorghum-based broiler diets based on eight different varieties Ha H Truong, Amy F Moss, Sonia Yun Liu and Peter H Selle 9 Red versus white sorghums Part II The digestion of amino acids in broiler diets based on red and white sorghums Sonia Liu, Ali Khoddami, Ha Truong, Amy Moss and Peter Selle 10 Sorghum A feed grain with issues for chicken-meat production Peter Selle, Sonia Liu, Ha Truong, Amy Moss and Ali Khoddami

13 Dr Karlie Neilsen quantification of kafirin in sorghum and definition of its amino acid profile Mr Ali Khoddami quantification of polyphenolics, free, conjugated and bound phenolic acids in sorghum, RVA pasting profiles of sorghum starch, Clorox beach tests for presence of pigmented testas and condensed tannin

14 KAFIRIN Amino acid profile of kafirin in MP sorghum and HP sorghum (mean values - APAF data) in comparison to average values of three data-sets reported by Xiao et al (2015) (g/100g protein) APAF Xiao et al 2015 Arg His Ile Leu Lys Met Phe Thr Val Ala Asp Glu Gly Pro Ser Tyr

15 RVA starch pasting profiles of the six Liverpool Plains sorghums

16 Sorghum: a feed grain with issues for chicken-meat production Reducing agents in sorghum-based diets RVA starch profiles and Promatest protein solubilities of grain sorghum Bilateral bioavailability of starch and protein and the nutritional geometry of grain sorghum

17 Sorghum: An enigmatic grain for chicken-meat production Peter H Selle A Luke

18 Sorghum: A sub-optimal or a maligned feed grain for chicken-meat production?

19 RJ Hughes and G Brooke (2005) APSS 17, In contrast, (to wheat and barley) sorghum is generally regarded as a relative consistent source of energy. However, this may not always be the case, as anecdotal evidence from the field suggests that some commercial flocks respond poorly to sorghum-based diets diets

20 Liu et al. (2014) Growth Finally, performance proteins in general from 7 to appear 27 days to post-hatch behave differently of broilers in sorghum offered than equivalent in maize diets or rice containing by forming 560 extensive g/kg feed extended grain web-like Sorghum: sheet-like 82.4 structures g/kg protein, during 614 cooking. g/kg starch This could impact functional properties and quality of sorghum products, as well as could affect nutritional properties. Hamaker and Bugusu (2003) Feed grain Gain Feed intake FCR Maize Sorghum Wheat

21 Liu et al. (2014) Growth Finally, performance proteins in general from 7 to appear 27 days to post-hatch behave differently of broilers in sorghum offered than equivalent in maize diets or rice containing by forming 560 extensive g/kg feed extended grain web-like Sorghum: sheet-like 82.4 structures g/kg protein, during 614 cooking. g/kg starch This could impact functional properties and quality of sorghum products, as well as Feed could affect Gain nutritional Feed intake properties. FCR Control grain Maize Sorghum Wheat Hamaker and Bugusu (2003) ,000 FTU/kg phytase Feed grain Maize Sorghum Wheat Gain Feed intake FCR

22 Selle et al. (2010) Finally, Growth proteins performance in general at 42 appear days post-hatch to behave and differently AME of in sorghum broilers offered than in equivalent maize or rice sorghum- by forming and extensive wheat-based extended diets web-like or sheet-like structures during cooking. This could impact functional properties and quality of sorghum Control products, as well as could affect nutritional properties. Grain Gain Feed intake FCR AME Sorghum Wheat Hamaker 2507 and Bugusu 4622 (2003) Xylanase Grain Gain Feed intake FCR AME Sorghum Wheat

23 Sorghum-based broiler diets are not very responsive to feed enzymes Phytase AND Xylanase Sorghum: A maligned feed grain for chicken-meat production Pellet quality is an issue (high starch gelatinisation temperatures) Broiler chicks on sorghum-based diets often perform better than the perception But sorghum has an Achilles heel and that is relatively poor starch/energy utilisation Stigma of condensed tannin persists