Effects of industrial processing on regulated and emerging contaminant levels in seafood

Transcription

1 Effects of industrial processing on regulated and emerging contaminant levels in seafood Rasmussen RR 1, Søndergaard AB 2, Boeknaes N 2, Cederberg TL 1, Sloth JJ 1, Granby K 1 1) Technical University of Denmark(DTU) 2) DanSalmon A/S, Denmark

2 Seafood Mitigation of contaminants by industrial processing prawns (cooked and peeled) * season halibut (cold smoked) salmon (cold smoked and trimmed) Greenland Norway

3 Seafood Mitigation of contaminants by industrial processing prawns (cooked and peeled) * season halibut (cold smoked) salmon (cold smoked and trimmed) Greenland Elements (Cd, As, ias,...) Brominated flame retardants (BFR), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), PFOS and elements Norway

4 Prawns (Pandalus borealis) Trawling Storage and maturing Cooking Season Sorting Peeling

5 Prawns (Pandalus borealis) Processing Raw is matured Cooked with shell/head/guts Storage and maturing Peeled prawns without shell/head/gut Cooking Season Sorting Peeling

6 Prawns (Pandalus borealis) Processing Raw is matured Cooked with shell/head/guts Peeled prawns without shell/head/gut Cooking Elements Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, ias, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Hg and Pb Statistics anova (lm(y ~ processing * season)) paired t-test Season Sorting Peeling

7 Prawns Disko Disko Greenland Ilulissat Caught by net in Northwest Greenland FAO 21 Major fishing area, NAFO subarea 1A and 1B Grid LE23, LH25, LH24, LK25, LL25,LS14, LJ27, LT15, KG16, KR17 and KT178

8 Prawns Autumn Autumn Disko Summer Summer Autumn Ilulissat Summer Spring Spring Spring ( ) Summer ( ) Autumn ( ) Spring

9 Organic As ias Prawns Raw > Cooked >> Peeled Cd in digestion organs EU ML (fish muscle) 50 ng/g Raw > Cooked > Peeled Raw prawns had significantly higher contents of Cd, Fe, Zn, Se and Cr in autumn than in spring, while summer levels typically were intermediate. Raw > Cooked > Peeled

10 Organic As ias Prawns Raw > Cooked >> Peeled Cd in digestion organs EU ML (fish muscle) 50 ng/g Peeling prawns Raw increased > Cooked Hg > Peeled but reduced the other elements including ias, As, Cr, Zn, Se but especially Cd, Cu and Fe. Raw > Cooked < Peeled Hg in muscle tissue EU ML (fishery product) 500 ng/g Raw > Cooked > Peeled

11 Prawns Raw > Cooked >> Peeled Cooking raw prawns Raw > significantly Cooked > Peeled reduced the concentration of all elements including ias, As, Cr, Zn, Se, Cd, Cu, Fe and Hg except Cr which was unchanged. Raw > Cooked >> Peeled Raw > Cooked > Peeled

12 Salmon and halibut Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) Wild (N=10 halibut pairs), long lines Greenland ( ),size: kg Raw and smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar) Farmed (N=4 salmon pairs) Norway Raw and smoked & trimmed Industrial Dan Salmon

13 Salmon and halibut Raw Smoked Drymatter (%) and lipid (%), of salmon and halibut (wet weight) is significantly different. Smoking significantly increases the drymatter (%) and lipid (%) of halibut but not for salmon. Lipid (%) in halibut is however not significantly increased after smoking when corrected for waterloss.

14 Salmon and halibut Raw Smoked Element composition (Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Hg) and alfa-hbcd of salmon and halibut (wet weight) is also significantly different. Organic As ias (<3 ng/g wet weight) Only total As in halibut (wet weight) decreased after smoking (by 17%)

15 Salmon and halibut Raw Smoked Element composition (Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Hg) and alfa-hbcd of salmon and halibut (wet weight) is also significantly different. As, Zn, Hg and α-hbcd in halibut also decreased after smoking corrected for waterloss or lipid levels Only total As in halibut (wet weight) decreased after smoking (by 17%)

16 Halibut PFOS and PBDE PBDE congeners levels are significantly lower than PCB congeners. Raw Smoked PCB congeners levels in raw halibut (wet weight) are significantly increased by smoking probably due to waterloos. <

17 Highlights Smoking, Trimning Contaminants < EU maximum levels (Cd, Pb, Hg, PCB) Organic As carcinogenic ias Cooking Peeling Elements and α-hbcd was not changed in halibut and salmon, except total As in halibut (ww) which decreased by 17% PCB congeners in halibut (ww) increased, but levels were not changed based on lipid or dry matter. Trimming and smoking salmon did not change lipid, dry matter and contaminant (elements, PFOS, α-hbcd) levels significantly. Cooking raw prawns significantly reduced the concentration of all elements including ias, As, Cr, Zn, Se, Cd, Cu, Fe and Hg except Cr which was unchanged. Peeling prawns increased Hg but reduced the other elements including ias, As, Cr, Zn, Se but especially Cd, Cu and Fe. Raw prawns had significantly higher contents of Cd, Fe, Zn, Se and Cr in autumn than in spring, while summer levels typically were intermediate.

18 Thanks to Alexandra Kuznetsova for statistical advice to Birgitte Koch Herbst, Annette Landin, Vera Lykkerask Berg, Anni Helleskov and Kristine Hjorth Andersen for technical assistance & to European Union, ECsafeSEAFOOD project (grant n ) for funding to you for the attention