USE OF CASSAVA AND ITS BY- PRODUCTS IN AQUAFEEDS

Transcription

1 USE OF CASSAVA AND ITS BY- PRODUCTS IN AQUAFEEDS 1 PROF. OYEDAPO A. FAGBENRO, FFS DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES & AQUACULTURE TECHNOLOGY THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE, NIGERIA CASSAVA BASE FEED SYSTEM FOR AFRICA WORKSHOP OCTOBER 28-30, 2013 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL AGRICULTURE (IITA), Ibadan, NIGERIA

2 INTRODUCTION u Over 55% of cassava production is from sub-sahara Africa u Cassava tubers and leaves are used in human foods u Cassava by-products are used in livestock feeds u Cassava by-products useful in aqua feeds are root meal, peels and leaves u The commonest anti-nutrient is cyanogenic glycosides 2 O. A. FAGBENRO Use of Cassava and its By-Products in Aquaculture Feeds October

3 CASSAVA PROCESSING BY-PRODUCTS >50 mmt of cassava is produced in Nigeria Bark % Peels % Discarded tubers - 5-7% Leaves (foliage) - 5-6% Total amount of residues % = 10-15mmt The amount, quality and appearance of these residues vary with plant age, time after harvest, O. A. FAGBENRO Use of Cassava and its By-Products in Aquaculture Feeds October

4 NUTRIENT AND ANTINUTRIENTS OF CASSAVA BY- PRODUCTS ROOT PEELS LEAVES Crude protein (g/kg) Crude lipid (g/kg) Crude fibre (g/kg) Ash (g/kg) Carbohydrate (g/kg) Gross energy (MJ/kg) P (mg/g DM) Ca (mg/g DM) HCN (mg/100g DM) O. A. FAGBENRO Use of Cassava and its By-Products in Aquaculture Feeds October 2013

5 MAJOR AQUACULTURE SPECIES IN AFRICA 5 Tilapias Oreochromis niloticus Oreochromis aureus Oreochromis mossambicus Sarotherodon galilaeus Sarotherodon melanotheron Tilapia zillii Tilapia guineensis African catfishes Clarias gariepinus Clarias anguillaris Clarias isheriensis Heterobranchus bidorsalis Heterobranchus longifilis Clarias x Heterobranchus O. A. FAGBENRO Use of Cassava and its By-Products in Aquaculture Feeds October 2013

6 NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF MAJOR AQUACULTURE SPECIES 6 Herbivorous tilapias Protein Lipid 28-32% 6-10% Omnivorous African catfishes Protein Lipid 38-45% 10-15% Gross energy 16 MJ/kg Gross energy 18 MJ/kg

7 STANDARD FEED FORMULATION FOR MAJOR AQUACULTURE SPECIES 7 African catfishes Grower Broodstock Tilapias Fish meal Soybean meal/ (CPLC) Maize/Cassava Peels Blood meal Fish oil Vegetable oil Min-vit premix Cassava starch

8 CASSAVA TUBERS IN AQUAFEEDS Cassava root is used in two ways in aquafeeds: Pellet binder Carbohydrate energy feedstuff Cassava root has High starch content Very low HCN Cassava peels have High fibre content High HCN Cassava peels are Readily available Cheap (low cost) 8

9 Tilapias Inclusion level (%) CASSAVA ROOTS IN AQUAFEEDS DWG (g/fish/day) 9 FCR Apparent Digestibility (%) DM Protein Energy African catfishes Inclusion level (%) DWG (g/fish/day) FCR Apparent Digestibility (%) Protein Energy

10 Tilapias Inclusion level (%) CASSAVA PEELS IN AQUAFEEDS DWG (g) 10 SGR FCR PER Survival African catfishes Inclusion level (%) DWG (g) FCR Apparent Digestibility (%) DM Protein Energy

11 CASSAVA LEAF MEAL IN AQUAFEEDS Tilapias Inclusion level (%) 11 DWG FCR PER Apparent Digestibility (%) DM Protein Energy African catfishes Inclusion level (%) DWG FCR PER Apparent Protein Digestibility (%)

12 CASSAVA LEAF PROTEIN CONCENTRATE IN AQUAFEEDS NUTRIENT AND ANTI-NUTRIENT VALUES 12 VARIETIES CRUDE PROTEIN CRUDE LIPID ASH HCN (mg/100g) PHYTATES (%) TANNINS (%) TMS 92/0326 TMS 98/0505 TME 1 TME 419 TMS

13 IMPROVEMENT OF CASSAVA BY-PRODUCTS IN FEEDS Exogenous enzyme supplementation to reduce fibre content and eliminate antinutrients Protein and amino acid(s) supplementation or complementation to increase protein quality Addition of plant oils to reduce dustiness Addition of attractants to improve palatability and increase feed intake Mineral supplementation to augment some mineral deficiencies Cultivation of early maturing and high yielding cassava varieties 13

14 RECOMMENDATIONS Create sustained awareness on the benefits of using cassava by-products in animal/fish feeding Cassava by-products/residues collection and processing centers should be established Cassava peels and discarded tubers (properly processed) used as dietary carbohydrate energy source could replace maize to reduce feed cost and avoid competitive use of maize in human foods. Cassava leaf (foliage) meal and Cassava leaf protein concentrate are useful as dietary protein sources (replacement for soybean meal). 14

15 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 15 International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya. My collaborators on Development of Cassava Residues-based Aquaculture Feeds Project: Dr. Kunle ORESEGUN - Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR), Lagos, Nigeria. Mr. Paul ILONA International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. Prof. Lawrence NWANNA - Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Nigeria.

16 16 THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION