Maarten Jay van Schoonhoven 1, Dr Jintasataporn Orapint 2

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1 EFFECT OF AN ALGAE-CLAY BASED BIOCATALYST ON THE DIGESTIVE AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF JUVENILE SHRIMP (LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI) Maarten Jay van Schoonhoven 1, Dr Jintasataporn Orapint 2 1 Aquaculture BU manager, Olmix SA., France 2 Kasetsart University, Faculty of fisheries, Thailand

2 Fishmeal replacement Fish meal is the first choice ingredient for aquafeed Easy digetibility Nutritionally balanced Safe Challenges: Increasing price Pressure for sustainable aquaculture These have led to a growing trend in use of fishmeal replacements 2

3 Fishmeal replacement Two important ingredients used as fishmeal replacements are: 1. Plant ingredients 2. Animal ingredients Plant ingredients commonly used in aquafeeds Soybean Corn Wheat Rice Cassava Animal ingredients commonly used in aquafeeds Poultry (by products) meal Blood meal Meat and bone meal Check AAFFD (Asia Aquafeed Feed Formulation Database) 3

4 Fishmeal replacement Plant ingredients Poor nutritional balance High phytate content Anti nutritional factors Risk of mycotoxin contamination Amylose:amylopectin ratio Animal ingredients Rich in most amino acids Processing can affect digestibility Bloodmeal inverse relation between heat application and protein digestibility 4

5 Fishmeal replacement Challenges: 1. an increased risk of mycotoxins from plant ingredients 2. finding the right combination of ingredients to achieve a nutritionally balanced diet, that also allows for proper bioavailability of nutrients through good digestibility. 5

6 Fishmeal replacement Source Tacon et al

7 Clays in aquafeeds Clay is an additive or part of an additive often used in feeds Main use is as a binder of some mycotoxins Aflatoxin Less known: Certain clays also have properties that can improve digestion Clay s improvement in digestibility is associated with three mechanisms (Reichardt, 2008): 1. Transit time 2. Contact between enzymes and feed substrates 3. Cofactors 7

8 Clays in aquafeeds 1. Clays can slow down transit time: Allows for more time to digest Mode of action: A. Mechanical slowing down through water absorption B. Activation of chemosensors that slow down intestinal motoricity (a consequence of water absorption which concentrates nutrients) 8

9 Clays in aquafeeds 2. Favouring contact between enzymes and feed substrates: Allows for more enzymatic hydrolysis = more nutrients to be absorbed Mode of action: A. Physico-chemical interactions between clay particles and organic molecules favouring the contact between enzymes and feed substrates ( Reichardt, 2008; Habold et al 2009) B. Increase the amount of active enzymes in the intestine by the formation of stable complexes with clay particles (Cabezas et al, 1991) 9

10 Clays in aquafeeds 3. Providing cofactors for enzyme activation: More and longer activity of enzymes = more enzymatic hydrolysis of feed substrates Mode of action: A. Metalic ions present in clay act as cofactors for enzyme activation 10

11 Clays in aquafeeds 1. Slowing down the transit 2. Favoring contact between enzymes and feed substrates 3. Providing cofactors to enzymes 11

12 Clays in aquafeeds Good digestion More nutrients Better uptake Less for opportunistic bacteria Poor digestion Less nutrients Poorer uptake More for opportunistic bacteria 12

13 Algae-clay biocatalyst Single layers of clay increasing surface area to a maximum of 800m 2 /gram for attaching of enzymes and feed substrate Increased availability of metal ion co-factors in the clay layers but also from the algal extracted Marine sulphated polysaccharides 13

14 Algae-clay biocatalyst Enzymatic activity is necessary to hydrolyze feed into nutrients. Principle of enzymatic hydrolysis Feed compounds (1) are hydrolyzed into nutrients (2) by the activity of an enzyme, which is active under specific conditions (temperature, ph, presence of a cofactor (3)). 14

15 Algo Clay Biocatalyst Trial The present study consisted in evaluating the capacity of a commercial feed additive, Mfeed+, based on clay (Montmorillonite) and algae extracts, to improve the digestive efficiency of shrimp 15

16 Algo Clay Biocatalyst Trial Experimental set up Faculty of fisheries, Kasetsart University 375 shrimps (L. vannamei, 6.3 ± 0.2 g) set in 15 tanks, randomly allotted to 3 groups (with 5 replicates per group): Control group: standard diet Treatment 1 (T1): standard diet supplemented with 0.1% of MFeed+ Treatment 2 (T2): standard diet supplemented with 0.2% of MFeed+ Feeding was done 3 times per day over a 60 day trial period Parameters measured Growth performance and mortality Vibrio counts in the hepatopancreas and intestine 16

17 Algo Clay Biocatalyst Trial Results Better growth rates in a dose dependent manner Significantly improved FCR when algae-clay is supplemented to the feed 17

18 Algo Clay Biocatalyst Trial Results 14% and 13% decrease in FCR when feed is supplemented with the algoclay based biocatalyst Improved feeding efficiency 18

19 Algo Clay Biocatalyst Trial Results Improved digestive performance resulted in a lower vibrio count in both the hepatopanceas and the intestine. Algae-clay biocatalyst significantly improved survival 19

20 Algo Clay Biocatalyst Trial Results Dose dependent decrease in vibrio count in both hepatopancreas and intestine 20

21 Algo Clay Biocatalyst Trial Results Significant improvement in survival Dose dependent 17% and 23% increase 21

22 Algo Clay Biocatalyst Trial Conclusion Improved growth performance Significantly improved FCR Decreased vibrio counts in the hepatopancreas and in the intestine Significantly improved survival rates 22

23 Thank you Visit us at the Olmix booth 23