VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES AMONG AMERICANS: CAUSES, IMPLICATIONS, SOLUTIONS JOHNATHON DUFTON, MD

Transcription

1 VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES AMONG AMERICANS: CAUSES, IMPLICATIONS, SOLUTIONS JOHNATHON DUFTON, MD

2 VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES AMONG AMERICANS: CAUSES, IMPLICATIONS, SOLUTIONS ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION It's estimated that more than 90% of Americans are deficient in one or more nutrients at the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) level, which isn't set to promote optimal health, but rather to avoid overt symptoms of deficiency. According to some relatively recent investigations, common deficiencies among Americans include vitamins B12, E, C and D, particularly for African Americans and those of lower socioeconomic status. TARGET AUDIENCE The target audience for this activity is pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in hospital, community, and retail pharmacy settings. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing this activity, the pharmacist will be able to: Outline the most common vitamin deficiencies among Americans. Describe the frequency and physiological implications of specific vitamin deficiencies. Summarize the dosage recommendations and best food sources of specific vitamins. After completing this activity, the pharmacy technicians will be able to: List the most common vitamin deficiencies among Americans List best food sources of specific vitamins ACCREDITATION PHARMACY PharmCon, Inc. is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education as a provider of continuing pharmacy education. NURSING PharmCon, Inc. is approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing (Provider Number CEP 13649) and the Florida Board of Nursing (Provider Number ). Activities approved by the CA BRN and the FL BN are accepted by most State Boards of Nursing. CE hours provided by PharmCon, Inc. meet the ANCC criteria for formally approved continuing education hours. The ACPE is listed by the AANP as an acceptable, accredited continuing education organization for applicants seeking renewal through continuing education credit. For additional information, please visit Universal Activity No.: H01-P&T Credits: 1.0 contact hour (0.1 CEU) Online Date: August 10, 2015 Offline Date: August 10, 2017 ACPE Expiration Date: March 12, 2018 ACTIVITY TYPE Knowledge-Based Home Study Webcast FINANCIAL SUPPORT BY PharmCon 1

3 ABOUT THE AUTHOR J. Dufton M.D. is a physician and previously was employed at Queen's University, Ontario, Canada in the Department of Radiology. He is also on the Editorial Board of the Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association (JCCA) where his roles include editing and and reviewing textbooks. He is a researcher who enjoys writing and speaking about the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of diseases and conditions. Johnathon Dufton, MD Medical Wrtire & Speaker, Wellness Partners FACULTY DISCLOSURE It is the policy of PharmCon, Inc. to require the disclosure of the existence of any significant financial interest or any other relationship a faculty member or a sponsor has with the manufacturer of any commercial product(s) and/or service(s) discussed in an educational activity. Johnathon Dufton reports no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this activity. Peer review of the material in this CE activity was conducted to assess and resolve potential conflict of interest. Reviewers unanimously found that the activity is fair balanced and lacks commercial bias. Please Note: PharmCon, Inc. does not view the existence of relationships as an implication of bias or that the value of the material is decreased. The content of the activity was planned to be balanced and objective. Occasionally, authors may express opinions that represent their own viewpoint. Participants have an implied responsibility to use the newly acquired information to enhance patient outcomes and their own professional development. The information presented in this activity is not meant to serve as a guideline for patient or pharmacy management. Conclusions drawn by participants should be derived from objective analysis of scientific data presented from this monograph and other unrelated sources. 2

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11 ACTIVITY TEST 1. How much did the protein content in wheat/barley decline in the U.S. from ? a. 20% b % c. 60% d % 2. When were vitamins first discovered and the term coined? a b. ~ c d. ~ What is the collective term for B12 vitamers? a. tocopherols b. tocotrienols c. cobalamins d. vital amino acids 4. What vitamin deficiency is linked to pernicious anemia? a. A b. D c. C d. B12 5. What vitamin is needed to make collagen? a. A b. B12 c. C d. D 6. Which of the following is the richest source of vitamin C? a. rose hips b. oranges c. sardines d. wheat germ 10

12 7. What vitamer of vitamin D is produced in the skin in response to specific UV-B radiation? a. D1 b. D2 c. D3 d. D4 8. What vitamin is crucial for cell signaling? a. B12 b. E c. D2 d. D3 9. A diet without any seeds, nuts, or dark green leafy veggies puts one most at risk for which vitamin deficiency? a. E b. D c. C d. B What is the most common nutritional deficiency in the U.S., according to the CDC? a. vitamin D b. vitamin B6 c. calcium d. iron Please submit your final responses on freece.com. Thank you. 11