BIOLOGY 12: CHAPTER 12 - REVIEW WORKSHEET KEY DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
|
|
- Gervase Matthews
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 BIOLOGY 12: CHAPTER 12 - REVIEW WORKSHEET KEY DIGESTIVE SYSTEM A. CHAPTER REVIEW 1. i) Ingestion = food is taken in, mechanically and chemically digested ii) Digestion = extracellular of breaking down food so it can be absorbed iii) Absorption = cells take up small molecules iv) Elimination = indigestible materials pass out of digestive compartment 2. The skeletal muscle and the taste buds of the tongue contribute to the formation of the bolus. Lips & cheek = enclose mouth. Taste buds = sense of taste, sends electrical impulses to brain when food is present Roof of mouth = separates oral cavity from nasal cavity above Tonsils = protect against infection Salivary glands = provide salivary amylase to break down starch into maltose 3. The soft palate/uvula blocks the nasal cavity, while the epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea. 4. starch + H2O salivary amylase maltose 5. The opening to the larynx is called the glottis, which is covered when the trachea moves up by the epiglottis. 6. a) i) Mucosa (mucous membrane layer) = secretes digestive enzymes & mucus ii) Submucosa (submucosal layer) = loose connective tissue that has blood vessels & lymph vessels iii) Muscularis = 2 layers of smooth muscle for peristalsis; inner circular muscle is covered by outer longitudinal muscle iv) Serosa (serous membrane) = very thin membrane that secretes serous fluid which lubricates organs of abdominal cavity, so slide against each other instead of sticking b) Label the layers in the diagram. 1
2 7. Peristalsis. 8. Caused when gastric juice from stomach escapes upward into esophagus. 9. Expands to store food (2L), secretes (3L a day) gastric juices and mixes it with food to digest it, absorbs alcohol. Chime is a soupy nutrient broth that is made from churning food b/w 2-6 hours ready to leave stomach. 10. Ulcer = open sore in lining of stomach; frequently caused by bacterial infection. 11. Write the chemical reaction that occurs in the stomach. protein + H2O pepsin peptides 12. Digestion of all 4 biological molecules and absorption of nutrient monomers. Converts maltose into glucose, peptides into amino acids, nucleotides into base+sugar+phosphate, fat droplets into fatty acid + glycerol. Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chime. 13. fat bile salts fat droplets starch + H2O pancreatic amylase maltose protein + H2O trypsin peptides fat droplets + H2O nucleic acid + H2O lipase nuclease nucleotides fatty acids + glycerol 2
3 14. Villi in the small intestine are finger-like projections on the wall that is supplied by blood capillaries and lacteals. Microvilli are microscopic appendages on the epithelial cells of the villi to increase surface area. 15. maltose + H2O maltase glucose peptide + H2O peptidase amino acid nucleotide + H2O nucleosidase base + sugar + phosphate 16. Small nutrient monomers are absorbed through mainly active transport as well as facilitated diffusion, they enter the vessels of the villus (blood capillaries and lacteal). 17. Absorbs water, salts, and vitamins; temporarily stores indigestible material. Wider than small intestine, but shorter than small intestine. 18. a) Which associate organ of the large intestine plays a role in immunity? Appendix b) What is the term used to refer to the inflammation of this organ? Appendicitis c) What is the term used to refer to surgical removal of this organ? Appendectomy 19. Over 99% of bacteria in the colon are classified as anaerobic, because they die in the presence of oxygen. 20. Bacteria in the large intestine break down indigestible material and produces vitamins. HIGH coliform(non-pathogenic intestinal) count in lake water means that there is a significant amount of feces in the water, which means there is a greater possibility that disease-causing bacteria is also present. 21. Food poisoning can cause diarrhea by irritating the intestinal wall from eating contaminated food. Nerve stimulation can cause diarrhea as nervous stress stimulates intestinal walls to increase peristalsis. Dangerous to a person s health because can dehydrate body of water, and water loss can cause imbalance of salt in blood, which affects heart contraction. 22. Makes stool slippery so it can slide through more easily. 23. Exocrine function = secretes pancreatic juice via pancreatic duct. 24. Endocrine function = secretes hormones insulin and glucagon directly into bloodstream. Insulin is secreted when glucose in blood is HIGH, glucagon is secreted when blood glucose is LOW. 25. Bile = bile pigment bilirubin (yellow-green color), and bile salts (derived from cholesterol); produced in liver, and stored in gallbladder. 3
4 26. As blood passes through liver, it removes the poisonous substances and detoxifies them. Also removes nutrients and works to keep blood contents constant. 27. Deamination = to break down excess amino acids. Excess amino groups are deaminated to glucose and urea in the liver. Excreted by kidneys. Write out the reaction of urea production. 2NH3 + CO2 NH2 C NH2 Ammonia ll O Urea 28. Liver produces bile fat emulsification; acts as gatekeeper b/w blood and food; detoxifies blood by removing & metabolizing poisonous substances; stores iron & vitamins A, D, E, K; makes plasma proteins; maintains blood sugar at 0.1%; deaminates excess amino acids to glucose & urea; removes worn-out RBC s; regulates blood cholesterol. 29. Haemolytic jaundice = RBC s have been broken down in abnormally large amounts. Obstructive jaundice = bile ducts are blocked or liver cells are damaged. 30. Hep A = usually from fecal-contaminated drinking water. Hep B = usually from sexual contact, or spread by blood transfusions/ contaminated needles. Hep C = usually from contact with infected blood. 31. Lactose intolerance = these people do not produce enzyme lactase to break down lactose. Drinking milk will cause them to have diarrhea, gas, cramps. 32. Nutrient = monomers the body requires to function. Balanced diet = bulk should be grains, vegetables & fruits, minimal meat and fats & sweets should be eaten sparingly. 33. Essential amino acid = amino acids the body CANNOT produce. Complete protein source = source that provides all 20 aa s like meat. Incomplete protein source = source that by itself, supplies us with aa s but does not have at least one essential aa. 34. Simple carbs = empty calories b/c only contribute to energy needs and weight gain w/o supplying any other nutritional requirements. 35. Insoluble fibre = has laxative effect, and may guard against colon cancer by limiting time cancer-causing substances are in contact with intestinal wall. Soluble fibre = combines w/ bile acids and cholesterol in intestine and prevents them from being absorbed. 36. i) Choose poultry, fish or dry beans and peas as protein source. ii) Broil, boil or bake rather than frying. iii) Eat non-fat or low-fat foods. iv) Limit intake of butter, cream, hydrogenated oils, shortenings, and tropical oils (coconut and palm oils) 4
5 37. LDL is bad b/c carries cholesterol from liver to body cells. HDL is good b/c carries cholesterol to liver, which converts it to bile salts. 38. Vitamins = organic compounds that body cannot produce in adequate amounts, needed as parts for coenzymes in metabolic pathways. 39. Harm body by donating extra electron to DNA, proteins, enzymes, or lipids found in PM; donations most likely damage cellular molecules, thereby leading to disorders, perhaps even cancer. 40. Body uses vitamins C, E, and A, or antioxidants to defend against free radicals. 41. Osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts = osteoporosis. Women can i) consume more calcium and other vitamins daily ii) Estrogen replacement therapy and exercise iii) Stop drinking more than 9 cups of caffeinated coffee per day and smoking B. COMPLETION AND SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. The stomach is directly connected to the esophagus above and the small intestine (2 words) below. 2. The major food molecule digested in the stomach is proteins, which is hydrolyzed by the enzyme pepsin. The enzyme s inactive form is called pepsinogen. 3. Among its chemical aspects, every digestive enzyme has a preferred ph. 4. Before fats are digested by the enzyme lipase, they are first emulsified by bile salts. 5. Pancreatic juices enter the small intestine (duodenum) by way of the pancreatic duct and contain digestive enzymse for the digestion of EVERY type of food. 6. The liver first receives the products of digestion by means of the hepatic portal vein; any excess glucose is stored as glycogen. 7. The secretion of digestive juices is controlled generally by both hormones and the nervous system. 8. Surface area in the small intestine is increased greatly by the presence of villi and microvilli. 9. There are 8 essential amino acids required by adults. 10. There are 2 essential fatty acids required by adults. 5
6 11. Complete the following table. HORMONE PRODUCTION SITE TRIGGER/CAUSE OF RELEASE AFFECTED ORGAN(S) ACTION OF AFFECTED ORGAN GASTRIN Gastric glands protein Stomach Secretion of gastric juice (pepsin & HCl) Duodenal wall Secretion of gastric juice Stomach, small intestine Inhibits gastric juice secretion SECRETIN Duodenal wall Acid (HCl) Pancreas Pancreatic Juice (enzymes) Duodenal wall Protein and Fat Pancreas, gall Enzymes & Bile bladder GASTRIC INHIBITORY PEPTIDE (GIP) CHOLECYSTOLKININ (CCK) 12. Vitamins are portions of coenzymes, which are necessary for cellular metabolism. 13. Answer the following questions about the digestive tract. a) In which part of the digestive tract are nutrient molecules absorbed? Small intestine. b) The absorbed nutrient molecules enter what vein associated with the liver and intestine? Hepatic portal vein. c) In which specific part of the digestive tract does pancreatic juice enter? Duodenum. d) In which specific part of the digestive tract does bile enter? Duodenum. e) The three accessory organs that do NOT contain food are the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. f) What parts of the digestive tract do NOT have ducts entering them and do NOT secrete digestive juices? Esophagus and Large Intestine. 14. Carbohydrate Digestion (starch) Starch digestion begins in the mouth, Here, the ducts empty saliva from the salivary glands. There are three pairs of these glands, named parotid glands, sublingual glands, and submandibular glands. The saliva from these glands contains the enzyme salivary amylase, and this enzyme breaks down starch to the disaccharide maltose. Starch will continue to be broken down in the small intestine. Here, a duct empties from the pancreas. Pancreatic juice contains the enzyme pancreatic amylase, which breaks down starch to the disaccharide maltose. Starch digestion is completed when this disaccharide is broken down to glucose, a monosaccharide that can be absorbed by intestinal villi. The enzyme 6
7 that converts maltose to glucose is called maltase, and this enzyme is secreted by epithelial cells of the intestinal villus. 15. Protein Digestion (meat) Protein digestion begins in the stomach. The gastric glands line the wall of the stomach. They secrete the enzyme pepsinogen, which is converted into its active form pepsin by hydrochloric acid; this enzyme breaks down protein into peptides. In the pancreas (gland), another enzyme called trypsin acts on protein in the small intestine breaking down protein into peptides. Protein digestion is completed when peptides are broken down to amino acids, molecules small enough to be absorbed by intestinal villi. This is achieved by the enzyme peptidase, which is produced by the epithelial cells of the intestinal villus. 16. Fat Digestion (butter) Fat is first emulsified by bile, a substance made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder (gland). The secretions in this gland enter the small intestine by way of the bile duct. After the fat has been emulsified, it is broken down by the enzyme lipase, which is found in pancreatic juice. Fats are broken down to glycerol and fatty acids, molecules small enough to be absorbed by intestinal villi. After resynthesis (~repackage) into lipoprotein droplets, fats enter the lacteals, which are part of the lymphatic system. 17. Path of Food. a) Food consists of the large organic molecules proteins, carbohydrates and fats. In the mouth, the only type of food digested are carbohydrates (starch) The mouth has a neutral ph of 7. The food passes down the long tube called the esophagus. A rhythmic contraction called peristalsis pushes the food along. b) After passing through a sphincter (circular muscle), the food enters the stomach. Here the primary food acted on is proteins. This organ has a(n) acidic ph of 2. The food is now called chyme which passes through another sphincter into the duodenum, which is the first section of the small intestine. 7
8 c) Two ducts enter this organ; they are the common bile duct from the gallbladder and the pancreatic duct from the pancreas. Bile contains an emulsifier that divides fat into fat droplets. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that act on carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Lining the walls of the intestine are villi with microvilli on the apical surface of each cell. The epithelial cells produce enzymes that finish digestion by converting maltose to glucose and peptides to amino acids. Thus the small nutrient molecules that are absorbed by villi are amino acids and sugars, which enter the hepatic portal vein. Glycerol and fatty acids enter the lacteals. d) The hepatic portal vein takes the nutrients to the liver, an organ of homeostasis. For example, this organ stores glucose as glycogen and always keeps the blood glucose level constant. This organ can also remove amino groups from amino acids and convert the amino groups to urea a nitrogenous waste product. 18. What happens to a person who takes in more calories/energy than needed? Weight gain. C. DIGESTIVE ENZYME ACTIVITY For each combination of substances below, decide whether digestion will or won t occur. If it does not, provide a reason why. (Hint: remember to consider optimum ph of the enzyme) 1. trypsin, NaHCO3, egg white - warm gently Yes 2. salivary amylase, water, egg white warm gently No, wrong substrate. 3. pepsin, HCl, egg white freeze No, wrong temperature. 4. pancreatic amylase, HCl, starch heat to boiling No, wrong ph and temperature. 5. lipase, NaHCO3, fats warm gently No, bile salts are absent. 6. maltase, HCl, maltose warm gently No, wrong ph. 7. peptidases, fat, HCl warm gently No, wrong ph and substrate. 8
9 8. pepsin, HCl, egg white warm gently Yes. 9. trypsin, starch, water warm gently No, wrong substrate and ph. 10. HCl, egg white, water, warm gently No, needs enzyme pepsin. 9
Summary of chemical breakdown of food by hydrolytic enzymes (Protein enzymes).
Biology 12 Digestive System Digestion Overview: The digestive process can be divided into 4 phases: 1. ingestion - includes swallowing and peristalsis 2. digestion - the physical (by teeth) and chemical
More informationSphincters heartburn diaphragm The Stomach gastric glands pepsin, chyme The Small Intestine 1-Digestion Is Completed in the Small Intestine duodenum
Sphincters are muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves. The tubes close when the sphincters contract and they open when the sphincters relax. When food or saliva is swallowed, the sphincter relaxes
More informationDigestive System 7/15/2015. Outline Digestive System. Digestive System
Digestive System Biology 105 Lecture 18 Chapter 15 Outline Digestive System I. Functions II. Layers of the GI tract III. Major parts: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
More informationAn overview of the digestive system. mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus
An overview of the digestive system mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus Why GIT? What are the main steps in the digestive process? Ingestion intake of food via the
More informationBiology 12 - Digestion Notes
Biology 12 - Digestion Notes Anatomy Physiology Functions of the Digestive System -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- food (enzymes, bile, HCl) to assist
More informationChapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment
_ Date: Mark: /45 Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment 45 Multiple Choice = 45 Marks Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following roles do
More informationBiology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers
Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers Mouth 1. What is the purpose of chewing? a. break food into smaller pieces so there is a greater SA for chemicals to work on. 2. Salivary
More informationChapter 14: The Digestive System
Chapter 14: The Digestive System Digestive system consists of Muscular tube (digestive tract) alimentary canal Accessory organs teeth, tongue, glandular organs 6 essential activities 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
More informationThe Digestive System
The Digestive System s Big Book of Handouts Digestion and nutrition Specific Learning outcomes B11-2-01: Identify major structures and functions of the human digestive system from a diagram, model, or
More informatione. Undigested material is compacted and stored until the colon is full. When the colon is full, a signal to empty it is sent by sensors in the walls
Digestive System 1. General a. Animals obtain energy by breaking food molecules into smaller pieces. b. The basic fuel molecules are amino acids, lipids and sugars c. Digestion is the chemical breakdown
More informationIncludes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Nutrition Digestive System Brings Nutrients Into the Body The digestive system includes Gastrointestinal (GI) tract (hollow tube) Lumen: space within this tube Includes
More informationChapter 8: Digestion. Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes
Chapter 8: Digestion Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes What organisms need Digestion? Heterotrophs - rely on ingestion of organic molecules for production of
More informationDigestive System. Part A Multiple Choice. 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin.
Digestive System Part A Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin. 2. The presence of large numbers of mitochondria in the cells
More informationLearning Targets. The Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract. Also known as the alimentary canal. Hollow series of organs that food passes through
Digestion the multistep process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use Learning Targets Describe the path food takes through the digestive system. Identify the major organs of the digestive
More informationORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OBJECTIVES: 1. List and describe the major activities of the digestive system. 2. Identify and give the functions of the organs in and along the digestive tract. MAJOR ACTIVITIES
More informationThe Digestive System. Chapter 25
The Digestive System Chapter 25 Introduction Structure of the digestive system A tube that extends from mouth to anus Accessory organs are attached Functions include Ingestion Movement Digestion Absorption
More information1) Four main feeding mechanisms of animals a) Suspension feeders i) (1) Humpback whales b) Substrate feeders i)
1 AP Biology March 2008 Digestion Chapter 41 Homeostatic mechanisms manage an animal s energy budget. 1) Four main feeding mechanisms of animals Suspension feeders (1) Humpback whales Substrate feeders
More informationThe digestive system consists of an alimentary canal and several accessory organs. The Digestive System
The digestive system consists of an alimentary canal and several accessory organs. The Digestive System The Digestive System The digestive system mechanically and chemically breaks down food. Mechanical
More informationThe Digestive System. Prepares food for use by all body cells.
The Digestive System Prepares food for use by all body cells. Digestion The chemical breakdown of complex biological molecules into their component parts. Lipids to fatty acids Proteins to individual amino
More informationThe Digestive System. Basic process of digestion. Mouth and Teeth 10/30/2016
The Digestive System Basic process of digestion 1. Ingestion: animal eats food. 2. Digestion: animal body breaks food down. Mechanical digestion: chewing (mastication). Chemical digestion: enzymes and
More informationa. parotid b. sublingual c. submandibular
Bozeman Science/ Nature The Digestive System Watch the videos, and answer the questions below. Please write your answers in complete sentences, and explain all concepts thoroughly. 1. What are the four
More informationObjective 4- Digestion
Objective 4- Digestion 1. Describe why cells require nutrients Supply energy for metabolism (cell activities), matter for synthesis of new materials, cell reproduction, secretion and to regulate cell processes
More informationDigestive System. Digestive System. Digestion is the process of reducing food to small molecules that can be absorbed into the body.
Digestive System Digestion is the process of reducing food to small molecules that can be absorbed into the body. 2 Types of Digestion Mechanical digestion physical breakdown of food into small particles
More informationKRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Dr.B.Jyothi
KRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Dr.B.Jyothi Prof, Dept. Of Pharmacology KTPC The Digestive System Food undergoes six major processes: 1. Ingestion : process
More informationTwo main groups Alimentary canal continuous coiled hollow tube Accessory digestive organs
Digestion Breakdown of ingested food Absorption of nutrients into the blood Metabolism Production of cellular energy (ATP) Constructive and degradative cellular activities Two main groups Alimentary canal
More informationDigestive System. Unit 6.11 (6 th Edition) Chapter 7.11 (7 th Edition)
Digestive System Unit 6.11 (6 th Edition) Chapter 7.11 (7 th Edition) 1 Learning Objectives Identify the major organs of the digestive system. Explain the locations and functions of three organs in the
More informationCh 7 Nutrition in humans
Ch 7 Nutrition in humans Think about (Ch 7, p.2) 1. The stomach churns food into smaller pieces physically. The stomach wall secretes proteases to chemically digest proteins. It also releases hydrochloric
More informationDIGESTIVE SYSTEM ALIMENTARY CANAL / GI TRACT & ACCESSORY ORGANS. Mar 16 10:34 PM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ALIMENTARY CANAL / GI TRACT & ACCESSORY ORGANS Mar 16 10:34 PM 1 I. Digestive System Functions > Ingestion the taking in of food > Propulsion movement caused by force > Digestion breakdown
More informationAll organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis but needs source of nitrogen
All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) AUTOTROPHS self feeder makes their own food eg. Plants do not require a digestive tract *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis
More informationNutrition. Autotrophs. plants, some protists & bacteria producers
Nutrition Autotrophs plants, some protists & bacteria producers Nutrition Heterotrophs animals, fungi, some protists & bacteria consumers Animal Nutrition Most obtain food by ingestion take in their food
More informationDigestion Review V1 /36
Name: Class: _ Date: _ Digestion Review V1 /36 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the above parts of the digestive system would be
More informationThe Digestive System. What is the advantage of a one-way gut? If you swallow something, is it really inside you?
The Digestive System What is the advantage of a one-way gut?! If you swallow something, is it really inside you? Functions and Processes of the Digestive System: Move nutrients, water, electrolytes from
More informationDigestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4
Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4 1. Which of the following is not associated directly with the small intestine: a. villi b. circular folds c. microvilli d. haustrae e. secretin 2. The largest (longest)
More informationTHE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TYPES OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS Ingested food may be stored or first subjected to physical fragmentation Chemical digestion occurs next Hydrolysis reactions liberate the subunit molecules
More informationThe Digestive System
Digestive System 1 Name The Digestive System Purpose: To describe how food moves through the digestive system. To identify the parts of the digestive system. Background Information: Food provides us with
More informationEnergy, Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Phosphorylation Hydrolysis Energy, Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Chapter 2 (selections) What is Energy? Energy is the capacity to do work Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Chemical Bond Energy Like a rechargeable
More informationThe process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood. ABSORPTION AS RELATED TO DIGESTION
ABSORPTION AS RELATED TO DIGESTION The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood. 3 FUNCTIONS OF DIGESTION Breaks down food into molecules the body
More informationNutrition. Why do humans need food? How do some animals get their food? ROUGHAGE NUTRIENTS. Animals make energy available using:
Nutrition the activities by which organisms Why do humans need food? Animals make energy available using: obtain and process material needed for energy, growth, repair, and to maintain homeostasis humans
More informationBiology 12 Unit 5 Pretest
Biology Unit 5 Pretest Name: Date: Block:. Chewing aids digestion by A. stimulating release of bile B. increasing surface area of food C. breaking up polymers into monomers D. stimulating water absorption.
More informationChapter 26 The Digestive System
Chapter 26 The Digestive System Digestive System Gastroenterology is the study of the stomach and intestine. Digestion Catabolism Absorption Anabolism The actions of the digestive system are controlled
More informationNURSE-UP DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AKA G.I. SYSTEM
NURSE-UP DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AKA G.I. SYSTEM The digestive system is used for breaking down food into nutrients which then pass into the circulatory system and are taken to where they are needed in the body.
More information10/23/2013 ANIMAL NUTRITION ANIMAL NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST STUPPLY: AMINO ACIDS
ANIMAL NUTRITION Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores ANIMAL NUTRITION Chapter
More informationDigestive System. How your body obtains nutrients. Wednesday, March 2, 16
Digestive System How your body obtains nutrients Vocabulary Ingestion: food enters the system Physical and enzymatic breakdown begins Digestion: Further breakdown Chemical/enzymatic Vocabulary Absorption:
More informationTHE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Composed of two parts: 1. 2. There are 4 main parts of digestion: 1. Ingestion: 2. Digestion: a. Mechanical Digestion: Example: b. Chemical Digestion: Example: 3. Absorption: 4. Egestion:
More informationGastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology. Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross
Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Functions of digestive system Digestion Breakdown of food (chemically) using enzymes, acid, and water Absorption Nutrients,
More informationThe Digestive System. Chapter 16. Introduction. Overview of Digestive System. Histological Organization. Movement and Mixing of Digestive Materials
The Digestive System Chapter 16 Introduction Structure of the digestive system A tube that extends from mouth to anus Accessory organs are attached Functions include Ingestion Movement Digestion Absorption
More informationAFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by. broken down. the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!!
Chemical Digestion ***ANSWERS**** Name Period Date AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!! Special
More informationDigestive Care Advisor Training #1. Digestion 101 & H.O.P.E.
Digestive Care Advisor Training #1 & H.O.P.E. The Digestive System in Brief The Process of Digestion The human digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that process food and excrete waste.
More information30.1 Organization of the Human Body
30.1 Organization of the Human Body Lesson Objectives Describe how the human body is organized. Explain homeostasis. Lesson Summary Organization of the Body The levels of organization in a multicellular
More informationChapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION
Chapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION Stages of Food Processing 1. Ingestion: The act of eating. Usually involves placing food in mouth or oral cavity. 2. Digestion: Macromolecules in food (fats, proteins,
More informationSoft palate elevates, closing off the nasopharynx. Hard palate Tongue Bolus Epiglottis. Glottis Larynx moves up and forward.
The Cephalic Phase Chemical and mechanical digestion begins in the mouth Saliva is an exocrine secretion Salivary secretion is under autonomic control Softens and lubricates food Chemical digestion: salivary
More informationDigestive Tract. Also called alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract. stomach small intestine large intestine - anus
Digestive Tract Also called alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract Mouth pharynxepiglottis- esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine - anus Digestive Tract Digestion: The mechanical and chemical
More informationCIE Biology GCSE 7: Human nutrition
CIE Biology GCSE 7: Human nutrition Notes Humans need many different nutrients to survive. To receive these nutrients in the correct quantities, a balanced diet must be eaten. A balanced diet includes
More informationUnit 3 Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium I Topic: Human Digestive System Page 1 of 13. The Chemical Foundation of Digestion
Page 1 of 13 The Chemical Foundation of Digestion All organisms, regardless of size or complexity, have some method to obtain the essential nutrients they need for survival. Heterotrophs: Organisms that
More informationBiology 12 - The Digestive System - Chapter Notes
Biology 12 - The Digestive System - Chapter Notes In a nutshell... The body uses a variety of small molecules (amino acids, fatty acids, glucose) for its metabolic needs. Food is mechanically and chemically
More informationNutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption. Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs
Nutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter26/animation organs_of_digestion.html
More informationWhat is Digestion? The break down of food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed and used by the body
Digestive System What is Digestion? The break down of food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed and used by the body What is Digestion? This involves: Ingestion and propulsion of food along
More informationPHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Student Name CHAPTER 26 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM D igestion is the process of breaking down complex nutrients into simpler units suitable for absorption. It involves two major processes: mechanical
More informationBIO 139 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
BIO 139 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MARY CATHERINE FLATH, Ph.D. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ORGANS MOUTH PHARYNX ESOPHAGUS STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE SALIVARY GLANDS PANCREAS LIVER
More informationDigestive System. What happens to the donut you ate for breakfast this morning?
Digestive System What happens to the donut you ate for breakfast this morning? Free Tutoring and Extra Credit!!! Digestive System: Is the basic process of breaking down the food you eat into individual
More informationThe Digestive System (11.1 and 11.2) Mar 27 9:53 AM. Section 11.1 The chemical Foundation of Digestion
Chapter 11 The Digestive System (11.1 and 11.2) Biology 2201 Section 11.1 The chemical Foundation of Digestion All organisms need food, and all foods contain nutrients. Nutrients are the substances that
More informationThe Small Intestine. The pyloric sphincter at the bottom of the stomach opens, squirting small amounts of food into your small intestine.
The Small Intestine The pyloric sphincter at the bottom of the stomach opens, squirting small amounts of food into your small intestine. approximately six metres (the longest section of your digestive
More information11/1/2008. The Digestive System. April 2008
Chapter 11 The Digestive System Biology 2201 April 2008 Section 11.1 The chemical Foundation of Digestion All organisms need food, and all foods contain nutrients. Nutrients are the substances that provide
More informationChapter 3 Reading Guide Be sure to use the many figures and tables provided by the book to help answer these questions.
Chapter 3 Reading Guide Be sure to use the many figures and tables provided by the book to help answer these questions. 1. What is digestion? What is the difference between mechanical and enzymatic digestion?
More informationDIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010
DIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010 DIAGRAM OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Mouth Esophagus Liver Gallbladder Large Intestine Appendix Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Rectum Anus STAGES OF DIGESTION: 1. INGESTION Taking
More informationChapter 11 The Digestive System. Biology 2201
Chapter 11 The Digestive System Biology 2201 Section 11.1 The chemical Foundation of Digestion All organisms need food, and all foods contain nutrients. Nutrients are the substances that provide the energy
More informationChapter 15 Food and Digestion
Chapter 15 Food and Digestion Activity: Use Qualitative Observations (5 senses) to describe: What happens when you see candy? How does it smell? How do you chomp it into smaller pieces or swallow candy
More informationReading Comprehension of the digestive tract
Reading Comprehension of the digestive tract Digestion is a process that break-down food into small molecule called nutrient. These small molecule called nutrients pass through the cell membrane or absorb
More informationNutrition and Digestion
Nutrition and Digestion Classes of Nutrients Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Minerals Vitamins Water Macronutrients Carbon-containing compounds Energy and raw material Includes carbohydrates, lipids, & proteins
More informationDIGESTIVE SYSTEM CLASS NOTES. tube along with several
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CLASS NOTES Digestion Breakdown of food and the of nutrients in the bloodstream. Metabolism Production of for and cellular activities. The digestive system is composed of the canal which
More informationLesson Overview The Digestive System
30.3 THINK ABOUT IT The only system in the body that food actually enters is the digestive system. So how does food get to the rest of the body after the process of digestion? Functions of the Digestive
More informationThe Digestive System and Body Metabolism
14 PART C The Digestive System and Body Metabolism PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB
More informationThe Digestive System and Body Metabolism
PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Digestive System and Body Metabolism 14PART C Accessory Digestive Organs Teeth Salivary glands
More information- Digestion occurs during periods of low activity - Produces more energy than it uses. - Mucosa
Introduction Digestive System Chapter 29 Provides processes to break down molecules into a state easily used by cells - A disassembly line: Starts at the mouth and ends at the anus Digestive functions
More informationThe Digestive System
The Digestive System Key words Pharynx oesophagus stomach intestine epiglottis gall bladder Pancreas peristalsis liver enzyme rectum sphincter Pyloric duodenum jejunum ileum bile lipase Amylase trypsin
More informationDigestive System. Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy
Digestive System Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy Nutrients Nutrient = chemical that must be obtained by an organism from it s environment in order to survive; nutrients
More informationThe gallbladder. Bile secretion:
The gallbladder is a thin walled green muscular sac on the inferior surface of the liver. The gallbladder stores bile that is not immediately needed for digestion and concentrates it. When the muscular
More informationThe Human Digestive Tract
The Human Digestive Tract The Mouth salivary glands (parotid, sublingual, submaxillary) - produces saliva --->lubricate food ---> dissolves food particles ---> allows us to taste food --->contains amylase
More information3/16/2016. Food--mixture of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
Food--mixture of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids Food being broken down into small molecules Takes place in the alimentary canal Complete digestive system 4 layers of tissue (in book) Lumen 1) MECHANICAL/PHYSICAL--
More informationAFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by broken down. the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!!
Chemical Digestion Name Period Date AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by broken down the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!! Special
More informationSection 38 1 Food and Nutrition (pages )
Chapter 38 Digestive and Excretory Systems Section 38 1 Food and Nutrition (pages 971 977) Key Concepts What are the nutrients your body needs? Why is water such an important nutrient? Food and Energy
More informationThe Digestive System. 1- Carbohydrates 2- Proteins 3- Lipids 4- Water 5- Vitamins 6- Minerals 7- Fibers
I. Type of food: The Digestive System 1- Carbohydrates 2- Proteins 3- Lipids 4- Water 5- Vitamins 6- Minerals 7- Fibers 1- Carbohydrates: are energy foods (sugars). They are made of C,H, and O atoms. They
More informationDigestion Introduction Lecture MMHS Science Chitraroff
Digestion Introduction Lecture MMHS Science Chitraroff Digestion is the process that changes food into a form that is usable by your body. The Alimentary Canal The pathway of food from your mouth to your
More informationNOTES: CH 41 Animal Nutrition & Digestion
NOTES: CH 41 Animal Nutrition & Digestion NUTRITION *Nutrition is the study of nutrients and how the body utilizes them! *ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS: nutrients that human cells cannot synthesize (i.e. certain
More informationAnatomy & Physiology Digestive System
Anatomy & Physiology Digestive System I. Nutrition A. chemical substance that is needed by the body for normal growth, maintenance & repair. Two categories 1. needed in large amounts. Carbohydrates, Lipids
More informationMCAT Biology Problem Drill 20: The Digestive System
MCAT Biology Problem Drill 20: The Digestive System Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. During the oral phase of swallowing,. Question #01 A. Initially, the food bolus is moved to the back of the tongue and
More informationChapter 15 Food and Digestion
Chapter 15 Food and Digestion 15.1A Food and Energy Functions of Nutrients 1. 2. 3. 4. Calories = amt. of energy in food RDA depends on age, gender, size and activity level Types of Nutrients (includes
More informationUNIT 2: From Food to Fuel: How the Human Body Utilizes Food
UNIT 2: From Food to Fuel: How the Human Body Utilizes Food Introduction to the Digestive System PART ONE Systems of the Body The Digestive System Also referred to as alimentary system, the gut, gastrointestinal
More informationDigestion and Nutrition. Chapter 40
Digestion and Nutrition Chapter 40 Impacts, Issues Hormones and Hunger Fat cells secrete leptin, which reduces appetite; an empty stomach secretes ghrelin, which makes you hungry the goal is healthy nutrition
More informationHuman Biology. Digestive System
Human Biology Digestive System Digestion - Defined Prepares food for use by all body cells The physical and/or chemical breakdown of food Did you know: the average person eats more than 500kg of food per
More informationLesson 1. Introduction to Body Systems (Machalina song) Nutrition
Lesson 1 Introduction to Body Systems (Machalina song) Nutrition Let s figure out how many body systems there are! Draw a hollow body diagram Draw in each body part as it is mentioned in the song!!! Chorus:
More informationDigestive System Lecture Notes Read Ch 14; review questions start on page 477 S/A # 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 35
The PRINCIPLE structure of the digestive system is the Alimentary Canal (Gastrointestinal Tract) = hollow tube much like a hallway in a home. I. Functions of the Digestive System a. Ingestion: Putting
More informationTitle: Dec 12 8:42 AM (1 of 37) Chapter 11: Digestion and Excretion
Title: Dec 12 8:42 AM (1 of 37) Chapter 11: Digestion and Excretion Introduction to Digestion Read pages 352 358 Make summary notes on this section Creat a Concept Map on the Essential Nutrients, including:
More informationThe Digestive System. Chapter
The Digestive System Chapter 15.1 Functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food *absorption of nutrients Consists of alimentary canal and accessory organs Wall of the Alimentary Canal 15.2 Characteristics
More informationHuman Digestive System
3.3.4 Human Digestive System Need to know The functions of the main parts of the alimentary canal and the associated glands Function of teeth. The human dental formula Role of mechanical digestion and
More informationClass XI Chapter 16 Digestion and Absorption Biology
Question 1: Choose the correct answer among the following: (a) Gastric juice contains (i) pepsin, lipase and rennin (ii) trypsin lipase and rennin (iii) trypsin, pepsin and lipase (iv) trypsin, pepsin
More information1. Animals are heterotrophs that require food for fuel, carbon skeletons, and essential nutrients: an overview
1. Animals are heterotrophs that require food for fuel, carbon skeletons, and essential nutrients: an overview A nutritionally adequate diet satisfies three needs: fuel (chemical energy) for all the cellular
More informationUNIT 3. DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
1 UNIT 3. DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 2 1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1) Which are the relationships between cellular respiration and the systems that perform nutrition in human body? Digestive system processes
More informationTopic 6: Human Physiology
Topic 6: Human Physiology 6.1 Digestion and Absorption D.1 Human Nutrition D.2 Digestion Essential Understandings: The structure of the digestive system allows it to move, digest, and absorb food. A balanced
More informationc.uma sankar.kanchipuram.
NAME: GLOBAL COACHING CENTRE XII STANDARD BIO ZOOLOGY DIGESTION ONE MARK PRACTICE PAPER 1. serves to transfer organic molecules, salts and water from the external environment to the body s internal environment.
More information