INTERQUAL CARE PLANNING CRITERIA BIBLIOGRAPHY: Procedures- Podiatry 2017

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1 INTERQUAL CARE PLANNING CRITERIA BIBLIOGRAPHY: Procedures- Podiatry 2017 BIB-1

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3 McKesson Clinical Evidence Classification References cited in the clinical content are classified according to the type of evidence presented. The class ratings, I through V, are intended to provide a classification of the evidence but are not necessarily hierarchical. Classifications appear in parentheses at the end of each reference. References followed by an (NC) are not classified; examples include pre-published research or information from government, manufacturer, laboratory, or patient education websites. Classification Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V Type of Evidence Meta-analysis, technology assessment, or systematic review Randomized controlled trial Observational or epidemiologic study Evidence-based guideline Expert opinion, panel consensus, literature review, text or reference book, descriptive study, case report, or case series Class I Class I sources synthesize the results of multiple studies. When quantitative synthesis is possible, meta-analyses can provide a more accurate estimate of the effect or association size than individual smaller studies can. A Class I study that finds insufficient evidence to support or refute an intervention (due to a lack of appropriate primary research) is inconclusive. A potential weakness of Class I studies is that they may only assess published research, potentially leaving their findings vulnerable to publication bias. Class II A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is an experimental study design in which subjects are randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. An RCT is the gold standard for testing cause and effect relationships. Intention-to-treat analysis should be performed to account for missing data points. Class III Observational or epidemiologic studies can suggest an association between events or findings. These associations cannot be used to establish causality. Cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies are all used to identify possible risk factors. Cross-sectional studies are also used to determine the prevalence of a condition. Cohort studies are used to study incidence, the natural history of a condition, prognosis after a specific exposure, and associated harms. Nonrandomized controlled trials are sometimes used when randomization is impossible or unethical. Class IV Evidence-based guidelines are systematically developed recommendations for clinical practice. Evidence-based guidelines identify the methodology used to gather the evidence on which the recommendations are based. Usually, a grading system for both the quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations is provided. Guidelines that are evidence-based may also contain consensus recommendations in areas where evidence is lacking, but these recommendations are clearly identified and appropriately graded. Class V Class V references may be the best information in the absence of other evidence. Expert opinion, panel consensus, literature reviews, and descriptive studies (case reports or case series) are subject to significant bias. A case series with comparison to historical controls can be plagued with missing data, and data extraction inconsistencies are common. The use of historical controls does not address how the diagnosis of disease or its treatment has evolved over time with newer technologies or medication. Text book information may be out of date by the time the book is published. BIB-3

4 Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) Citations are designated with the CER label as part of the evidence classification if the article cited is one of the following: 1. A clinical trial or other clinical study that directly compares two or more health care interventions for the same clinical scenario. 2. A systematic review that compares two or more health care interventions by synthesizing the research from previous clinical studies. Bibliography American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. ACFAS Position Statement on Cosmetic Surgery. Chicago: 2004, updated Available from: [cited October ]. (V) American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: chronic foot pain. Reston (VA): American College of Radiology; (IV) American College of Radiology (ACR). ACR Appropriateness Criteria:Chronic foot pain. Reston (VA): American College of Radiology; (IV) American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43(9): American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. Position Statement: Cosmetic Foot and Ankle Surgery. Rosemont: Available from: policy/documents/position_statement_on_cosmetic_foot_and_ankle_surgery pdf [cited October ]. (V) American Podiatric Medical Association. Position Statements; Cosmetic Foot Surgery. Bethesda: Available from: onth&topicid=430&audienceid=467&typeid=9 [cited October ]. (V) Bettin et al. Cigarette smoking increases complication rate in forefoot surgery. Foot & ankle international (5): (III) Buchbinder. Clinical practice. Plantar fasciitis. N Engl J Med (21): (V) Budiman-Mak et al. A review of the foot function index and the foot function index - revised. Journal of foot and ankle research (1):5. (I) Butterworth et al. The association between body mass index and musculoskeletal foot disorders: a systematic review. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity (7): (I) Chard et al. Osteoarthritis of the knee. Clin Evid 2005(14): (I) Chen et al. Effect of Obesity on Outcome of Hallux Valgus Surgery. Foot & ankle international (9): (III) Chuckpaiwong. Comparing proximal and distal metatarsal osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus. International orthopaedics (11): (II CER) Chuckpaiwong et al. Extracorporeal shock wave for chronic proximal plantar fasciitis: 225 patients with results and outcome predictors. J Foot Ankle Surg (2): (V) BIB-4

5 Cottom and Vora. Fixation of lapidus arthrodesis with a plantar interfragmentary screw and medial locking plate: a report of 88 cases. The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (4): (III) Dayton et al. Clarification of the anatomic definition of the bunion deformity. The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (2): (V) Dayton et al. Complications of metatarsal suture techniques for bunion correction: a systematic review of the literature. The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (2): (I) Digiovanni et al. Plantar fascia-specific stretching exercise improves outcomes in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis. A prospective clinical trial with two-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am (8): (II) DiGiovanni et al. Tissue-specific plantar fascia-stretching exercise enhances outcomes in patients with chronic heel pain. A prospective, randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am A(7): (II) Egan et al. Splints/orthoses in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003(1):CD (I) Ellington et al. The use of the Lapidus procedure for recurrent hallux valgus. Foot & ankle international (7): (III) Fantino. Role of ultrasound in posteromedial tarsal tunnel syndrome: 81 cases. Journal of ultrasound (2): (III) Fanucci et al. Treatment of intermetatarsal Morton's neuroma with alcohol injection under US guide: 10-month follow-up. Eur Radiol (3): (V) Fridman and David. Electrodiagnostic evaluation of lower extremity mononeuropathies. Neurologic clinics (2): (V) Frontera et al. Essentials of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier; (V) Gaujoux-Viala et al. Recommendations of the French Society for Rheumatology for managing rheumatoid arthritis. Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme (4): (IV) Glazer. An approach to the diagnosis and treatment of plantar fasciitis. Phys Sportsmed (2): (V) Greve et al. Comparison of radial shockwaves and conventional physiotherapy for treating plantar fasciitis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) (2): (II) Grossman. Emerging Concepts In Cosmetic Foot Surgery. Podiatry Today (4):6. (V) Haake et al. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for plantar fasciitis: randomised controlled multicentre trial. BMJ (7406):75. (II) Hecht and Lin. Hallux valgus. The Medical clinics of North America (2): (V) Hyer et al. Treatment of recalcitrant intermetatarsal neuroma with 4% sclerosing alcohol injection: a pilot study. J Foot Ankle Surg (4): (V) Khan et al. Considerations in footwear and orthotics. Primary Care (4): , x. (V) Kim et al. Distal chevron osteotomy with lateral soft tissue release for moderate to severe hallux valgus decided using intraoperative varus stress radiographs. The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (3): (III) BIB-5

6 Kountouris and Cook. Rehabilitation of Achilles and patellar tendinopathies. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol (2): (V) Krannitz et al. The effect of cigarette smoking on radiographic bone healing after elective foot surgery. The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (5): (III) Kudo et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial evaluating the treatment of plantar fasciitis with an extracoporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) device: a North American confirmatory study. J Orthop Res (2): (II) Landorf et al. Effectiveness of foot orthoses to treat plantar fasciitis: a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med (12): (II) Lau and Stavrou. Posterior tibial nerve--primary. Foot Ankle Clin (2): (V) Lee et al. Deceptions in hallux valgus: what to look for to limit failures. Foot and ankle clinics (3): (V) Lopez-Ben. Imaging of nerve entrapment in the foot and ankle. Foot and ankle clinics (2): (V) Malay et al. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy versus placebo for the treatment of chronic proximal plantar fasciitis: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, multicenter intervention trial. J Foot Ankle Surg (4): (II) Menz et al. Validity of self-assessment of hallux valgus using the Manchester scale. BMC musculoskeletal disorders :215. (III) National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Osteoarthritis: the care and management of osteoarthritis in adults. Clinical guideline 59. London: NICE; (IV) National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Surgical correction of hallux valgus using minimal access techniques. Interventional procedure guidance 332. London: NICE; (IV) Nix et al. Characteristics of foot structure and footwear associated with hallux valgus: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis and cartilage / OARS, Osteoarthritis Research Society (10): (I) Othman and Ragab. Endoscopic plantar fasciotomy versus extracorporeal shock wave therapy for treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg (11): (V) Pfeffer. Cosmetic foot surgery: a step in the wrong direction. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) (4):174. (V) Reina et al. Effect of custom-made foot orthoses in female hallux valgus after one-year follow up. Prosthetics and orthotics international (2): (II) Rompe. Plantar fasciopathy. Sports Med Arthrosc (2): (V) Roos et al. Foot orthoses for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int (8): (II) Roy. Electrodiagnostic evaluation of lower extremity neurogenic problems. Foot and ankle clinics (2): (V) Schuh et al. Angular correction and complications of proximal first metatarsal osteotomies for hallux valgus deformity. International orthopaedics (9): (I) Shibuya et al. Factors associated with nonunion, delayed union, and malunion in foot and ankle surgery in diabetic patients. The Journal of foot and ankle surgery : official publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (2): (III) BIB-6

7 Singh et al American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol (1):1-26. (IV) Smolen et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2013 update. Ann Rheum Dis (3): (IV) Stamatis and Myerson. Treatment of recurrence of symptoms after excision of an interdigital neuroma. A retrospective review. J Bone Joint Surg Br (1): (III) Theodore et al. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int (5): (II) Thomas et al. Diagnosis and treatment of forefoot disorders. Section 1: digital deformities. J Foot Ankle Surg (2): (IV) Thomas et al. Diagnosis and treatment of forefoot disorders. Section 3. Morton's intermetatarsal neuroma. J Foot Ankle Surg (2): (IV) Thomas et al. Diagnosis and treatment of forefoot disorders. Section 4. Tailor's bunion. J Foot Ankle Surg (2): (IV) Thomas et al. The diagnosis and treatment of heel pain: a clinical practice guideline-revision J Foot Ankle Surg (3 Suppl):S1-19. (IV) Thomson et al. Interventions for the treatment of Morton's neuroma - Protocol. Cochrane Database Syst Rev :CD (V) Toomey. Plantar heel pain. Foot Ankle Clin (2): (V) Towheed et al. Acetaminophen for osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006(1):CD (I) Trnka et al. Minimally invasive hallux valgus surgery: a critical review of the evidence. International orthopaedics (9): (I) Uden et al. Plantar fasciitis - to jab or to support? A systematic review of the current best evidence. J Multidiscip Healthc : (V) Vanore et al. Diagnosis and treatment of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Disorders. Section 1: Hallux valgus. J Foot Ankle Surg (3): (IV) Vanore et al. Diagnosis and treatment of first metatarsophalangeal joint disorders. Section 2: Hallux rigidus. J Foot Ankle Surg (3): (IV) Wacker et al. Calcaneal osteotomy and transfer of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus for stage-ii dysfunction of tibialis posterior. Three- to five-year results. J Bone Joint Surg Br (1): (III) Wang et al. Long-term results of extracorporeal shockwave treatment for plantar fasciitis. Am J Sports Med (4): (II) Williams and Brage. Heel pain-plantar fasciitis and achilles enthesopathy. Clin Sports Med (1): (V) Yucel et al. Treatment of hallux valgus by modified McBride procedure: a 6-year follow-up. Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (2): (III) BIB-7