Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune

Transcription

1 Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune Pre-Ph. D. Syllabus - Physiotherapy PAPER I : Research Methodology & Biostatistics Section A Objective: On completion of the study of this subject, the research student should be able to: Enumerate the steps in research process Acquire skills of reviewing literature, formulating a hypothesis, collect data, writing research proposal etc Following are the topics to be included but not limited to: 1. Research in Physiotherapy a. Introduction b. Research for Physiotherapist: Why? How? And When? c. Research Definition, concept, purpose, approaches d. Internet sites for Physiotherapist 2. Research Fundamentals a. Define measurement b. Measurement framework c. Scales of measurement d. Pilot Study e. Types of variables f. Reliability & Validity g. Drawing Tables, graphs, master chart etc 3. Writing a Research Proposal, Critiquing a research article a. Process of selection of research question including prioritization and feasibility b. Defining a problem

2 c. Research process : Process of writing a research proposal: d. Formulating a question, Operational Definition Inclusion & Exclusion criteria Data collection & analysis Results, Interpretation, conclusion, discussion Informed Consent Limitations e. Scientific writing for thesis and research publications. 4. Research Design a. Principle of Designing b. Design, instrumentation & analysis for qualitative research c. Design, instrumentation & analysis for quantitative research d. Design, instrumentation & analysis for quasi-experimental research e. Design models utilized in Physiotherapy 5. Research Ethics a. Importance of Ethics in Research b. Main ethical issues in human subjects research c. Main ethical principles that govern research with human subjects d. Components of an ethically valid informed consent for research 6. Review of literature What is review of literature, need for review of literature primary and secondary sources for review, treatise, monographs, patents current literature methods, abstraction of research papers, major secondary sources, bibliographic databases web as source of information, information retrieval, information processing critical evaluation, organization of materials collected and writing of review, methods of writing references and bibliography.

3 7. Evaluating role of bias and confounding Types of bias, control of bias, evaluation of role of bias Nature of confounding, methods of controlling confounding. SECTION B Objective: On completion of the study of this subject, the research student should be able to: Describe the importance & use of biostatistics for research work To provide learners in-depth knowledge of the Indian patent law, training in writing of patent application and to develop expertise in patent search. Following are the topics to be included but not limited to: 1. Biostatistics 2. Data a. Introduction b. Definition c. Types d. Application in Physiotherapy a. Definition b. Types c. Presentation d. Collection methods 3. Measures of Central tendency a. Arithmetic mean, median, mode. Relation ship between them b. Partitioned values- Quatertiles, Deciles, Percentiles c. Graphical determination 4. Measures of Dispersion a. Range b. Mean Deviation c. Standard Deviation 5. Normal Distribution Curve

4 a. Properties of normal distribution b. Standard normal distribution c. Transformation of normal random variables. d. Inverse transformation e. Normal approximation of Bioaxial distribution. 6. Correlation analysis a. Bivariate distribution b. Scatter Diagram c. Coefficient of correlation d. Calculation & interpretation of correlation coefficient e. T-test, Z-test, P-value 7. Regression analysis a. Lines of regression b. Calculation of Regression coefficient 8. Sampling a. Methods of Sampling b. Sampling distribution c. Standard error d. Types I & II error 9. Probability Probability scale, measurement of probability, laws of probability for independent events, conditional probability, Bayes theorm. Probability distribution: binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, t distribution. 10. Hypothesis Testing a. Null Hypothesis b. Alternative hypothesis

5 c. Acceptance & rejection of null Hypothesis d. Level of significance 11. Parametric & non Parametric tests a. Chi square test b. Mann -Whitney U test c. Wilcoxon Signed test d. Kruskal-Wallis test e. Friedman test f. Spearman rank correlation coefficient g. T-test/student T test h. Analysis of variance 12. Computing in Data analysis and Data mining 13. Ethics and biomedical research General principles on ethical considerations involving human subjects, ethical review procedures, Institutional ethics committee, its organization and functions, general ethical issues. Specific principles for clinical evaluation of drugs /devices / diagnosis / vaccines / herbal remedies, specific principles in epidemiological studies, specific principles in human genetic research, specific principles for research in transplantation including fetal tissue implantation. 14. Ethical guidelines for experimental animals Sources of experimental animals, Lab. animal husbandry and management, anesthesia and euthanasia, laboratory animal ethics, animal ethics committee, its organization and functions, ethical guidelines for use of animals for scientific research, CPCSEA guidelines, in-vitro system to replace animals, legal provisions for experimentation of animals. 15. Patient Practice Patent is the most significant form of Intellectual Property to encourage creativity in Health science and technology and protect invention and development and creation of new technology and health care system throughout the world. The objective of the Programme is to provide learners in-depth knowledge of The Indian patent law, training in writing of patent application, and to develop expertise in patent search.

6 a. Overview of Intellectual Property Rights b. International Framework for Patents c. Indian Patent Law and Procedures Reference books: 1. Epidemiology in medicine, Charles H. Hennekens and Jules E.Burling.(1987) 2. Oxford Text Book of Public Health (5 th edition), volume 2, Oxford University press.(2011) 3. Essentials of Medical Statistics by Belty R. Kirkwood.(2011) 4. An Introduction to biostatistics by P.S.S. Sundar Rau.(2006) 5. Ethical guidelines for biomedical research on human subjects, ICMR, New Delhi Guidelines for care and use of animals in scientific research. Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi Research Methodology, methods and techniques by C.R. Kothari.(2009) 8. Basic epidemiology, 2 nd edition, R Bonita, R Beaglehole and T Kjellstrom (2007) 9. Statistical methods in medical research, 4 th edition, P Armitage, G Berry and JNS Matthews. (2001) 10. Biostatistics: A foundation for analysis in health sciences, 9 th edition, Wayne W Daniel (2008) \

7 PAPER II Recent Advances study of sub-discipline PHYSIOTHERAPY IN MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCES GENERAL ORTHOPAEDICS 1. Introduction to orthopedics. Clinical examination in an orthopedic patient. Common investigative procedures. Radiological and Imaging techniques in Orthopedics. Inflammation and repair, Soft tissue healing. 2. Fracture: definition, types, signs and symptoms. Fracture healing, Complications of fractures. Conservative and surgical approaches. Principles of management reduction (open/closed, immobilization etc). 3. Physiotherapy management of fractures of upper quadrant, lower quadrant and vertebral column 4. Sublaxation/dislocation of upper quadrant, lower quadrant. 5. Physiotherapy Management of Disease of bone and joints. Inflammatory and degenerative conditions of bones and joints. Deformities of upper quadrant, lower quadrant and spine. Overuse syndromes/injuries of upper quadrant, lower quadrant and spine. Amputation of upper and lower quadrant. Spinal cord injury at various levels. Soft tissue injuries. Peripheral nerve injuries. 6. Recent advances in orthopedics and orthopedic physiotherapy. 7. Evidence based orthopedic physiotherapy SPORTS Pre participation examination Causes & Mechanism of Sports Injuries, prevention of sports injuries to various structures. Importance of assessment & evaluation, Methods of evaluation Interview, Clinical Examination, Reliability & Validity of the tests, Investigative Procedures, Field Tests. Evaluation of Physical Fitness:Assesement of strength,power, endurance (muscular & cardiac),vo2max, flexibility, reaction time and pulmonary function. Common acute, chronic and overuse injuries of: upper limb, lower limb, head and spine Peripheral nerve injuries, injuries to muscles, ligament, tendon, bone, synovial joint structure(with physiological response to injury)

8 Musculoskeletal assessment and evaluation of upper quadrant, lower quadrant and spine in young sportsperson, pediatric sportsperson, geriatric sportsperson and disabled sportsperson On field assessment and evaluation. Assessment of sports specific injuries. Medical condition of athletes.(general, cardiac, pulmonary, skin, GIT, Urinary tract) Sporting emergencies of athletes on field and off field and first aid Exercise physiology in sports. Kinanthropometry evaluation of athlete. Sport specific biomechanics of various sports Diet and nutrition in sports. Conservative, surgical management and rehabilitation of various sports injuries and joints. Sports psychology Doping in sports Recent techniques and advances in sports physiotherapy. Evidence- based treatment in sports HAND 1. Anatomy of hand 2. Development of hand 3. Biomechanics and kinesiology of hand 4. Examination and assessment of hand. 5. Physiotherapy management of Tumors of hand Trauma to hand Infections of hand Nerve compressions Nerve palsies Pathologies of hand Deformities of hand Congenital conditions of hand Surgical conditions of hand Tendon repair Arthritis 6. Clinical decision making skill in assessment and management of Hand conditions in details 7. Conservative and surgical management of various hand conditions. 8. Hand therapy. 9. Recent advances and evidence based practice in Hand Rehabilitation 10. Disability evaluation

9 Manual Therapy 1. History and Principles of Manual Therapy 2. Pain Sciences: Models of Pain Neurophysiology of Pain Classification Pain Assessment Pain Management Principles of chronic Pain Management 3. Principles of various scools of thoughts of Manual Therapy: Neurodynamics and neural tissue mobilization. Mulligan Maitland Cyriax concept Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy Kaltenborn MET MFR Pilates Combined Movements Osteopathic and chiropractic school of thoughts Recent advances & controversies in manual therapy and grey areas of research. Physiotherapy in Cardio-Pulmonary and General conditions 1. Cardiovascular Development of Cardiovascular system, fetal circulation. Anatomy and Physiology of Cardio-vascular system. Neural control of cardiovascular system & Autonomic Nervous System.

10 Maintenance of Blood Pressure. Physiotherapy Assessment of cardiac and vascular system ICU set-up and Role of Physiotherapist Cardiac Rehabilitation PT Management of various surgical and non-surgical Cardio-vascular conditions. Recent advances in Diagnosis, Differential diagnosis & physiotherapy management of Adult and Paediatric Cardiac conditions. 2. Pulmonary Development of Pulmonary system. Review of Anatomy & Physiology of Pulmonary Nervous System Physiotherapy Assessment of Pulmonary system Physiotherapy techniques to increase lung volume, decrease work of breathing, clear secretions Pulmonary Rehabilitation PT Management of various surgical and non-surgical Pulmonary conditions. Recent advances in Diagnosis, Differential diagnosis & physiotherapy management of Adult and Paediatric Pulmonary conditions 3. General conditions Physiotherapy Management of Medical and Surgical Cases Wounds and ulcers, Diabetes and its complications Lymphoedema Amputation Burns Dermatological conditions Oncological conditions

11 4. Exercise Physiology, Health & Fitness 1. Energy production, expenditure, and transfer 2. AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC EXECISES Principles of Training Anaerobic system changes with training Aerobic system changes with training Factors affecting aerobic and anaerobic training response. System adaptation to aerobic and anaerobic training Overtraining, De-training Strength training physiology in various age groups Circuit training, methods of training. DOMS. Aid in enhancing training and performance. 3. EXERCISE AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH & FITNESS 1. Nutrition: Nature, Source, Classification, Recommended intake, and role in exercise of Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins and Minerals 2. Diet and Exercise 3. Fitness Testing a. Predicting/ measurement of aerobic fitness b. Field tests c. Lab tests d. Sub-maximal test ( cycle ergometer, treadmill tests ) e. Maximal testing 4. Body Composition 5. Exercise testing and prescription for special condition Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Cardio- vascular system Respiratory impairmen

12 Community Based Rehabilitation General Community Physiotherapy:. Rehabilitation: definition, types and Team Community: Definition, Community based approach, Community entry strategies, Community initiated v/s Community oriented programme Introduction to CBR: Definition, Historical review, Concept, Need, 2 Hr Objectives, Scope, Members, Models Scope for Community Physiotherapy Institution based rehabilitation and community based rehabilitation: its principles and differences, multi-disciplinary approach, role of national institutes, District rehabilitation centre and primary health centre. W.H.O.`s policies about rural health care, concept of primary, Secondary, tertiary health centers, District hospitals etc, Principles and Functions of a Rehabilitation team like Medical person, Physiotherapist, Occupational therapist, audiologist, speech therapist, Prosthetic & Orthotics, etc, Vocational guide in C.B.R. of physically handicapped person. Population studies and epidemiological implications of impairment, handicape and disability. Evidence based practice in Community health. Public health education methods and appropriate media: Public awareness to the various disabilities, communications, message generation and dissipation. Health care - National and International health delivery systems. Role of Government in Community based rehabilitation, inter-sectoral programs and coordination, Implementation of the Act. Role of Non-Government organizations in Community based rehabilitation. Disability evaluation, National policies for rehabilitation of disabled. Rehabilitation: Geriatric rehabilitation, pediatric rehabilitation, cardiac and neurological rehabilitation, community based rehabilitation, Specific rehabilitation like, AIDS, Cancer, Burns, etc. Disability rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, institutional rehabilitation, home based rehabilitation etc.

13 Women s health and mother & child care Applied anatomy, physiology and biomechanics related to Women s health, mother and child care. Health Promotion in Women s Health. Social issue having impact on physical Function, Legal rights and benefits for women. Anatomy of Pelvic floor, Physiological changes occurring in female during pregnancy, Clinical reasoning for Physical exercises during pregnancy. Clinical reasoning for care to be taken while performing exercises during pregnancy, Prenatal /antenatal programme, Clinical reasoning for specific breathing exercises/ relaxation/ postural training/ Pelvic floor stretching & strengthening exercises, musculoskeletal pain during pregnancy, Maintenance of posture during pregnancy Physiology of Labour, Pain during delivery and its management, Physiotherapy during labor Post-natal care after normal labour and labour with invasive procedures and Physiotherapy management Fitness programmes and breast feeding techniques. Mother and child care. Psychological and emotional changes and coping up with demands of new born. Uro-genital dysfunctions like organ Prolapse, PID, Incontinence, etc. and its management Physiological changes occurring with Menopause, Problems faced by women after menopause and role of physiotherapy Common Gynaecological surgeries and its Physiotherapy management Radical Mastectomy and Its Management Application of Electro- therapeutic measures in Obstetrics and Gynecologywith Clinical reasoning Industrial Health- Applied anatomy, physiology and biomechanics related to Industrial health. Clinical decision making skill in assessment and management of dysfunction related to Industrial community health. Ability Management:- Job analysis- Job description, Job demand Analysis, Task Analysis, Ergonomics Evaluation, Injury Prevention, Employee Fitness Programme

14 Disability Management:- Acute care, Concept of Functional Capacity assessment, Work Conditioning and Work Hardening, work station adaptations/ modifications Environmental stress in the industrial area --Accidents due to a] Physical agents-e.g.-heat/cold, light, noise, Vibration, U.V. radiation, Ionizing radiation. b] Chemical agents-inhalation, local action, ingestion, c] Mechanical hazards-overuse/fatigue injuries due to ergonomic alteration & ergonomic evaluation of work place and mechanical stresses per hierarchy i] Sedentary table work executives, clerks, etc ii] Inappropriate seating arrangement- vehicle drivers, iii] Constant standing- watchman, Defense forces, surgeons, etc iv] Over-exertion in labourers,- common accidents d]-psychological hazards - e.g monotonicity & dissatisfaction in job, anxiety of work completion with quality, Physiotherapist role in industry preventive, promotive, curative, intervention, ergonomic and rehabilitative services. Occupational Stress and its management. Health promotion in the industry Geriatrics:- Applied anatomy, physiology and biomechanics related to Geriatrics. Clinical decision making skill in assessment and management of dysfunction related to geriatric community health. Physiology of Aging, Theories of Aging, Age related changes in Musculoskeletal system, Central Nervous System, Cardio- Vascular system, Respiratory system, Immune system, Metabolic and Temperature related changes, Balance problems Role of Physiotherapy in a Home for the aged- geriatric care, holistic approach. Communication with Elderly, Fitness and Health promotion in Elderly. Evidence based practice in Elderly Psychosomatic approaches in management of disorders of stress, change in life-style to reduce risk factors for disability.

15 Drug dependence and Iatrogenic disorders. Ethical considerations in Elderly Assistive Technology used for Stability & mobility to enhance function. Adult Neurology Physiotherapy in Neurosciences Structure and function of Nervous System Growth & Development of central Nervous system Embryology of nervous system Aging of Nervous system Theories of motor control & motor learning Physiology of Motor Control Electro diagnosis SD curve. Basic elements of Neuro diagnostic tests CT, MRI, Myelography, NCV and EMG. Electro physiological studies - Somato sensory evoked potentials, Motor evoked potentials, Brainstem & auditory evoked potentials, Visual evoked potentials, Differential diagnosis of E.M.G, Differential diagnosis of N.C.V with clinical reasoning Neurological Assessment PT Management of various Neurological conditions: Cerebro-vascular conditions Infections of nervous system Demyelinating conditions Degenerative conditions Disorders of peripheral nerves Disorders of muscles and neuro-muscular junction Polyneuropathy Cerebellar and coordination disorders

16 Paediatric Neurology Developmental milestones and Developmental reflexes Neuro developmental screening tests Evaluation & Management Use of various Neurophysiological approaches & Modalities in o High Risk babies o Minimum brain damage o Developmental disorders o Cerebral palsy o Autism o Down s Syndrome o Hydrocephalus o Chorea o Spina bifida, and syringomyelia. Paper III Total Marks = 50 Presentation & Discussion (Relevant to the Research topic for the Ph. D.)