The Nondestructive Testing Education in China: Current Status, Development Objectives and Strategies

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1 The Nondestructive Testing Education in China: Current Status, Development Objectives and Strategies More info about this article: Abstract Rongming Yan Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, P.R. China The current status of the Nondestructive Testing education in China, including higher education and continuing education, has been investigated and introduced in this paper. The main milestones, the achievements, the features as well as the development objectives about the academic and vocational education has been presented. The strategies including network education, college and enterprise model to promote the Nondestructive Testing education in China were introduced. Keywords: Nondestructive Testing, academic education, vocational education. 1 History and milestones The Nondestructve Testing (NDT) education in China can be classified to academic and vocational ones. The academic education covers graduate and postgraduate which theory and technology makes the main part of the program; on the other hand, the vocational education emphasis on physical skill which covers junior college and secondary vocation. 1.1 The beginning of graduate education The higher education of NDT in China began in Nanchang Hangkong University in Thirty nine people was enrolled in that year, and thirty six people graduated from this school to became the first group of graduate of NDT in China four years later. In 1984, as a specialty, NDT entered the undergraduate specialty catalog of higher education specified by Chinese education ministry. Several universities such as Liaoning Shihua University, Dalian University of Technology set up the NDT specialty also [1]. 1.2 The beginning of postgraduate education The postgraduate education for NDT began in Beijing research institute of aeronautical material in Some top universities like Tsinghua University made a very important role in it. 1.3 The beginning of continuing education 1

2 East China University of Science and Technology started the continuing education for NDT in 1984 which was called cadre training program. Before they were enrolled, all the students have been engaged in NDT of chemical and metallurgy engineering for many years. Nanchang Hangkong University did the same thing since The school recruited students from several industrial sectors such as civil aviation, pressure equipment, petrochemical engineering. The students stayed in school for one or two years to study different NDT methods. This training program helped them a lot because they got a wider view and deeper understanding of NDT. 1.4 The beginning of Vocational education Shenyang railway mechanic school (now changed to Liaoning Guidao Jiaotong Polytechnic Institute) took the lead of secondary vocational education of NDT in China since Three years later Liaoning Mechatronics College followed in Hunan Labor and Human Resources Vocational College also conducted secondary vocational education of NDT since The above schools changed to higher vocational of NDT in 2013, 1999 and 2014 respectively. Liaoning Jinxi Industry School has been engaging in the secondary vocational education of NDT since Changsha Aeronautical Vocational and Technical College is the first school to conduct the higher vocational education of NDT in China since A number of institutes started this education since Current Status The multilevel education system of secondary, junior college, graduate and postgraduate has been set up successfully by the NDT educator and experts from schools through intensive investigation and hard working for many years. The teaching plans, teaching guidelines, textbooks, instructors as well as training laboratories have been well prepared for different levels of education for NDT. 2.1 Graduate education There are about 13 universities which are engaged in graduate education in China [2]. Almost eight hundreds people accomplish the training program and earn their bachelor degree (refer to table 1 below). 2

3 Table 1 Information about academic education--graduate S/N School name Specialty Founding time 1 Nanchang Hangkong University NDT East China University of Science and Technology Safety engineering Liaoning Shihua University Safety engineering Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai Applied physics China Jiliang University Safety engineering 6 PLA Air Force No.1 Aviation University aircraft damage test 7 Xi`an Polytechnic University Applied physics Lanzhou Polytechnical College Welding technology Beijing Jiaotong University Applied physics Wuhan University of Technology Testing technology & instrument Beijing University of Science and Technology Applied physics Dalian University of Technology Metallic material Guangxi University Applied physics 1986 The undergraduate specialty catalog was modified in 1992, instead of a specialty, NDT has become a lower level, that is specialization, of some other specialties like testing technology & instrument, safety engineering and so on. This obviously has significant influence to all the schools. For example, the specialty has changed to testing & controlling technology in Nanchang Hangkong University. Nanchang Hangkong University has been taking the lead of NDT higher education and owned very good reputation in China. The university created a very effective teaching plan and talent training pregame which served as the fundament for the training of NDT specialty in our country. It set up a key lab of NDT supported by education ministry of China, and postdoctoral research station. 2.2 Post graduate education Dozens of universities provide postgraduate education of NDT in China. A number of masters and doctors of NDT have graduated in the past several tens of years. Today NDT has penetrated into and found enormous applications in many fields, so this is conducted as a specification of other specialty. The number of universities which conduct postgraduate education of NDT is much greater than that of 3

4 undergraduate (refer to table 2). These postgraduates have greatly met the demands of many industry sectors. Table 2 Information about academic education postgraduate S/N School name Specialty Founding time 1 Tsinghua University NDT Beihang University Mechanical & electrical engineering Dalian University of Technology Metallic material East China University of Science and Technology Safety engineering 5 Huazhong University of Science and Technology Mechanical & electrical engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Applied physics 7 Tongji University Acoustics 8 Nanjing University Acoustics 9 Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Electrical technology 10 Beijing acoustic institute of Chinese Academy Acoustics of Sciences 11 Nanchang Hangkong University testing and metrology technology & 1996 instrument. 12 Wuhan University of Technology Testing technology & instrument 13 Beijing University of Science and Technology Applied physics 14 Beijing research institute of aeronautical material NDT Beijing research institute of aeronautical process NDT Xi`an Polytechnic University Applied physics Harbin institute of welding technology Welding Beijing University of Technology Applied physics Shenyang metallic research institute of Chinese Materials Processing Engineering 1987 academy of science 20 South China University of Technology Intellectualized testing & control 21 Daqing Petroleum University Chemical Process Equipment Vocational education 4

5 Table 3 presents the specific information of the school name, classification, schooling length, and the year to start NDT for the vocational education. Table 3 Information about vocational education S/N School name classification Length of schooling (year) Founding time 1 Shenzhen Polytechnic Higher vocation Liaoning Mechatronics College Higher vocation Hunan Labor and Human Resources Vocational College Secondary vocation Higher vocation Nanchang Hangkong University Higher vocation Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical Junior college University,Qindao 6 Shanxi Polytechnic Institute Higher vocation Changsha Aeronautical Vocational and Technical Higher vocation College 8 Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering Higher vocation Xi'an Aeronautical Polytechnic Institute Higher vocation Hebei Mechatronics College Higher vocation Sichuan Engineering Technical College Higher vocation Inner Mongolia Technical College of Mechanics and Electrics Higher vocation Hebei Technical College of Petroleum Profession Higher vocation Henan Wuyang Metallurgy Vestibule School Secondary vocation Bohai Ship-building Vocational College Higher vocation PLA Air Force No.1 Aviation University Junior college Shandong College of Electric Power Junior college Liaoning Guidao Jiaotong Polytechnic Institute Higher vocation Hefei Institute of General Professional Higher vocation Technology 20 Chengde Petroleum College Junior college Liaoning Shihua University Junior college Tianjin Maritime College Higher vocation Shandong Polytechnic Higher vocation Lanzhou Petrochemical College of Vocational Higher vocation Technology 25 Changzhou Railway Higher Vocational and Higher vocation 3 technical School 26 Liaoning Jinxi Industry School Secondary vocation 3 5

6 27 Sichuan Vocational College of Chemical Higher vocation Technology 28 Zhongshan Polytechnic Higher vocation 3 29 Baotou Vocational and Technical Collage Higher vocation 30 Xuzhao Technician Institute Higher vocation Guangxi Technological College of Machinery and Higher vocation 3 Electricity All colleges are state owned, only few schools are owned by specific industry sector (e.g. Hebei Technical College of Petroleum Profession), or even owned by an enterprise like Henan Wuyang Metallurgy Vestibule School, they trained the students to meet their demand of NDT personnel in their sector or enterprise. While most of the colleges provides students for all industry sectors. Higher vocational education domain the above colleges which enroll from the graduation of senior high school and they will stay in the college for three years. While only few are for secondary vocational education that enroll from junior high school and will study for three years also. There are almost three thousands students graduate from these colleges and that makes the biggest amount among different level of education in NDT in China. The training objectives for the vocational education are specified as the professional NDT inspectors who are good at both theoretical knowledge and practical skill in NDT to be able to conduct NDT in front line in factory. Training courses normally covers radiographic testing (RT), ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), eddycurrent testing (ET) and penetration testing (PT) which are mostly used in the NDT field. Most of the instructors have a very good background of practical working experience in the NDT laboratory or manufacture company and even are qualified level III personnel of the American society for NDT (ASNT), personnel certification on NDT (PCN), or Chinese society for Nondestructive Testing (ChSNDT) Great efforts have been made to train the students for the practical skills of different NDT methods to operate of equipment, conduct testing on welds, forgings, castings and tubes, to interpretate and evaluate of the indications. Every student is required to be qualified to at least level I of NDT personnel in at least one NDT method, so they are highly accepted in the market. 6

7 3 Develop Objectives 3.1 NDT personnel According to the 2025 China road map in NDT [3], by the year of 2025: 60% of level I and level II personnel should have achieved junior college education or equivalent; 80% of level III personnel should have achieved graduate education; 70% of NDT engineer should be postgraduate; 60% NDT technician should be qualified to level III personnel; 80% manager should be graduate; 30% manager should be level III; 80% NDT researcher should be postgraduate; 50% NDT researcher should be level III. 3.2 establish an education chain of NDT The universities that offer qualified NDT personnel, the enterprises that provide service to NDT and the employers which employ NDT personnel should cooperate closely to form an education chain, in which all three parts support each other, to improve and enhance the quality of talent training in NDT. The education, training and popularization of science committee of ChSNDT will organize this NDT education chain through China higher education forum on NDT that is sponsored by ChSNDT. 3.3 set up a collaborative innovation center of NDT In order to make good use of each part s strength, based on the top 10 universities, a collaborative innovation center of NDT shall be set up to promote the NDT talent training level, and to enhance the science research in NDT. 4 Strategies 4.1 Clarify the objectives of talent training on NDT For junior college, the objective should be defined to inspector of NDT; For graduate, the objective is to train NDT engineer; For postgraduate, it should aim at the innovation in NDT. 4.2 Establish cooperation model between schools and enterprises 7

8 Encourage enterprises to join in the training program of NDT with schools. Students should have enough time to take part in the on the-job training in enterprises, to accomplish the inspection and testing physically with their own hands on the spots. A double-tutor way should be used in this situation, in which two tutors come from school and enterprise respectively will supervise and support the student. 4.3 develop internet + NDT education With the development of internet education on NDT, distance education will greatly benefit the continuing education. Contents for this kind of education could cover: training program, examination, virtual experiment, textbook, video, and so on. References [1] Rongming Yan, The comparison of the education for NDT between China and other countries, Nondestructve inspection, April [2] Yearbook of NDT in China ( ), The Chinese society for NDT, Oct. 2006, China, P84. [3] Road map of NDT in China, The Chinese society for NDT, Jul. 2017, China.. 8