Warp, Weft & Weave. Tracing Threads, Perceiving Patterns & Treating Tangles. Dr. Clea F. Rees. Philosophy Cardiff University
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1 , Perceiving Patterns & Treating Tangles Dr. Clea F. Rees Philosophy Cardiff University Spring 2012
2 Outline Perceiving Patterns References
3 Spinning the Thread: Step 1 Empirical results in social psychology Milgram (2009, 200? c1969) Bargh, Chen, and Burrows (1996); Uleman and Bargh (1989); Bargh and Ferguson (2000); Bargh and Barndollar (1996); Bargh et al. (2001) Devine et al. (2002) Dijksterhuis et al. (2006) Wegner (2005) Hartshorne & May; Darley & Batson; etc. etc. + Situationist interpretation
4 Spinning the Thread: Step 2 Empirical results in social psychology + Situationist interpretation Harman (1999) Doris (2002, 2009) Merritt, Doris, and Harman (2010) etc.
5 Weaving the Cloth What is threatened? A: Action, Agency & Autonomy C: Character, Consistency & Commitments D: Deliberation, Direction & character Development F: Freedom, Free will & Folk psychology I: Identification, Intentions & Integrity P: Persons, Purposes & Projects M: Moral psychology, Moral responsibility & Moral theory R: acting for Reasons, Rationalism & Reflectivism S: Selves, Self-control & making Sense T: Transparency, character Traits & Trait attribution V: Virtues, Vices & Virtue ethics W: Wholeheartedness, Wisdom & Will
6 Spinning the Thread: Step 2 Alt. Empirical results in social psychology + Challenge the situationist interpretation Sreenivasan (2002) Kamtekar (2004) Sabini and Silver (2005) Snow (2006) etc.
7 Spinning the Thread: Step 2 Alt. Empirical results in social psychology + Challenge the situationist interpretation suggest that the empirical data are unsurprising dispute the kind of behavioural consistency expected dispute whether behavioural consistency is expected e.g. appeal to role of reason/wisdom etc. as context-dependent deny global aspect of challenge e.g. identify consistency in behavioural responses appeal to same data as providing empirical basis e.g. invoke habitual features of Aristotelian virtue
8 Spinning the Thread: Step 2 Alt. Empirical results in social psychology + Challenge the situationist interpretation point to prescriptive nature of ethical theory contrast with descriptive nature of empirical data appeal to normative character of virtue ethics/personhood etc. appeal to achievement of virtue/action/agency etc. this move need reject only the degree to which virtue ethics etc. is hostage to the facts can maintain that some degree of empirical realism is required
9 Weaving Another Cloth What might be possible? Action? Agency? Autonomy? Character? Consistency? Commitments? Deliberation? Direction? character Development? Freedom? Free will? Folk psychology? Identification? Intentions? Integrity? Persons? Purposes? Projects? Moral psychology? Moral responsibility? Moral theory? acting for Reasons? Rationalism? Reflectivism? Selves? Self-control? making Sense? Transparency? character Traits? Trait attribution? Virtues? Vices? Virtue ethics? Wholeheartedness? Wisdom? Will?
10 Perceiving Patterns Perceiving Patterns Common Threads Distinctions... For example: cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism rationalism vs. expressivism/quasi-realism reason/thought/deliberation vs. affect/emotion/feeling/desire controlled/slow/deliberative vs. automatic/fast/associative free vs. non-free responsible vs. non-responsible/excused capacity vs. illness/incapacity/non-capacity virtue/vices/traits vs. situation/environment intention vs. no intention intentional vs. unintentional/non-intentional will vs. unwilling/non-willing agency vs. non-agency
11 Perceiving Patterns Perceiving Patterns Common Threads Where do things fit? For example: love? respect? values, projects & commitments? chronically accessible goals & automaticity? habits? persons? actions? doings? implicit biases?
12 References References I Bargh, John A., and Kimberly Barndollar Automaticity in action: the unconscious as repository of chronic goals and motives. Chap. 20 in The psychology of action: linking cognition and motivation to behavior, ed. Peter M. Gollwitzer and John A. Bargh, New York and London: Guilford. isbn: Bargh, John A., M. Chen, and L. Burrows Automaticity of social behaviour: direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (2):
13 References References II Bargh, John A., and Melissa J. Ferguson Beyond behaviorism: on the automaticity of higher mental processes. Psychological Bulletin 126 (6): doi: // Bargh, John A., Peter M. Gollwitzer, Annette Lee-Chai, Kimberly Barndollar, and Roman Trotschel The automated will: nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81, no. 6 (Dec.): issn:
14 References References III Devine, Patricia G., E. Ashby Plant, David M. Amodio, Eddie Harmon-Jones, and Stephanie L. Vance The regulation of explicit and implicit race bias: the role of motivations to respond without prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (5): issn: Dijksterhuis, Ap, Maarten W. Bos, Loran F. Nordgren, and Rick B. van Baaren On making the right choice: the deliberation-without-attention effect. Science 311: doi: /science
15 References References IV Doris, John M Lack of character: personality and moral behavior. References are to the paperback edition (2005). Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. isbn: Skepticism about persons. In Metaethics. Philosophical Issues 19: Harman, Gilbert Moral philosophy meets social psychology: virtue ethics and the fundamental attribution error. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 99: Kamtekar, Rachana Situationism and virtue ethics on the content of our character. Ethics 114, no. 3 (Apr.):
16 References References V Merritt, Maria W., John M. Doris, and Gilbert Harman Character. Chap. 11 in The moral psychology handbook, 1st ed., ed. John M. Doris and The Moral Psychology Research Group, Oxford: Oxford University Press. isbn: / Milgram, Stanley, prod. 200? c1969. Obedience. DVD. Narrated by Stanley Milgram. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Media Sales. 45 minutes Obedience to authority: an experimental view. With an intro. by Philip G. Zimbardo. New York: HarperCollins/Harper Perennial Modern Thought. (Orig. pub ) isbn: X/
17 References References VI Sabini, John, and Maury Silver Lack of character? Situationism critiqued. Ethics 115, no. 3 (Apr.): issues/v115n3/115317/ html. Snow, Nancy E Habitual virtuous actions and automaticity. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 9 (5): Sreenivasan, Gopal Errors about errors: virtue theory and trait attribution. Mind 111 (Jan.): oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/111/441/47.pdf. Uleman, James S., and John A. Bargh, eds Unintended thought. New York and London: Guilford. isbn:
18 References References VII Wegner, Daniel M Who is the controller of controlled processes? In The new unconscious, ed. Ran R. Hassin, James S. Uleman, and John A. Bargh, Oxford Series in Social Cognition and Social Neuroscience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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