11/07/2017. Anorexia Nervosa. The Perception of Body Image in Disordered Eating. Attitudinal distortion. Perceptual distortion
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1 Anorexia Nervosa The Perception of Body Image in Disordered Eating Prof Martin Tovée School of Psychology University of Lincoln BODY IMAGE DISTORTION DSM, criterion : Disturbance in the way one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body shape and weight on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight. Two modalities of body-image dysfunction have been distinguished: ) Perceptual body-size distortion ) Attitudinal / cognitive-evaluative dissatisfaction Perceptual distortion Attitudinal distortion Person has difficulty accurately gauging body size. Eatingdisordered individuals estimate their size as larger than is objectively true. Patient may estimate size accurately, but is extremely dissatisfied with size, shape, or some other aspect of body appearance. Two Alternative Forced Choice (AFC) Estimate Point of Subjective Equality Button press: larger or smaller than me? Button press: larger or smaller than me?
2 Estimate Point of Subjective Equality Estimate Point of Subjective Equality PSE B PSE A PSE C PSE B PSE A PSE C Estimate Point of Subjective Equality Estimate Sensitivity: Difference Limen Difference Limen (DL) PSE B PSE A PSE C PSE B PSE A PSE C DL A Estimate Sensitivity: Difference Limen Two Alternative Forced Choice (AFC) Difference Limen (DL) ANSD (n=) Control(n=00) M SD M SD p Participant characteristics Age (years) (weight/height ) <.0 Percentage body fat....0 <.0 Depression and self esteem BDI <.0 RSE <.0 Eating and body shape concern PSE B PSE A PSE C DL A DL B EAT <.0 BSQ <.0 EDEQ...0. <.0 EDEQ wc <.0 EDEQ bs <.0 Psychophysical performance PSE (weight/height ) OE (i.e., PSE ) DL (weight/height )
3 Healthy Controls (n=00) Illustrated results Contraction Bias Weber s Law ΔI I a = K Actual body sizes Lighter Population Heavier than average average than average Cornelissen et al., (0) Body Image, :-8. Cornelissen et al. 0. Body Image,, -8 Illustrated results ANSD (n=) Actual body sizes Control body size estimates n=00 Over-estimate Accurate Under-estimate Contraction Bias (normal) Cornelissen et al., (0) Body Image, :-8. What does this mean? Ideal Bodies in Europe and the USA Veridical Control Anorexic Mean attractivenes rating ng Tovée et al. Lancet 998,, 8 Tovée et al. Nature 999, 99, -.
4 Observers UK vs South African Observers Stimuli Cauc uk-uk UK vs South African Observers 0 Afr zu-uk A M F n = 0 Afr uk-uk Attractiveness 8 Born Born? Afr zu-zu C Tested Tested Tested Tovée et al. (00) Evolution and Human Behavior, -. Tovée et al. (00) Evolution and Human Behavior, -. Attractiveness Ratings Attractiveness Ratings Cauc UK-UK Cauc UK-UK Afr Zu-Zu Attractiveness Rating Attractiveness Rating Tovée et al. (00) Evolution and Human Behavior, -. Tovée et al. (00) Evolution and Human Behavior, -. Attractiveness Ratings Attractiveness Ratings Afr Zu-Zu Attractiveness Ratings Afr Zu-UK Attractiveness Rating Afr Zu-UK Afr UK-UK Tovée et al. (00) Evolution and Human Behavior, -. Tovée et al. (00) Evolution and Human Behavior, -.
5 Nicaragua Villages with no electricity and no TV access Villages with limited electricity and limited TV access Villages with electricity and full TV access The government is rolling out electricity to villages currently with no electricity Nicaragua Study Nicaragua Study Two designs: Cross-Sectional looking across villages with different levels of media access Longitudinal looking at changes over time in villages which are being electrified. Adult women their perception of their actual and ideal body Adult men their perception of women s bodies and their ideal partner Adolescent children their perception of their actual and ideal body Nicaragua: Cross Sectional Rating Study Managua - high levels of TV (n=) Square Point no TV (n=) Kakabila limited TV (n=) Nicaragua Managua Boothroyd et al. (0) British Journal of Psychology, 0: -
6 Nicaragua Nicaragua Managua Square Point Managua Square Point Kakabila Boothroyd et al. (0) British Journal of Psychology, 0: - Boothroyd et al. (0) British Journal of Psychology, 0: - Nicaragua UK White Male Preference Thornborrow et al. (08). Evolution & Human Behavior, submitted Thornborrow et al. (08). Evolution & Human Behavior, submitted UK Black Male Preference Kakabila Male Preference Thornborrow et al. (08). Evolution & Human Behavior, submitted Thornborrow et al. (08). Evolution & Human Behavior, submitted
7 Square Point Male Preference Two Alternative Forced Choice (- AFC) Respond by button press is the body fat or thin Thornborrow et al. (08). Evolution & Human Behavior, submitted Categorical Judgements of Body Size Categorical Judgements of Body Size Tovée, Edmonds & Vuong (0) Evolution & Human Behavior, (), 8-9. Tovée, Edmonds & Vuong (0) Evolution & Human Behavior, (), 8-9. Training regime Inflationary feedback Participant told Correct or Incorrect relative to their Categorical Boundary units ms Respond by button press: thin or fat? 0 ms 0 ms? Incorrect. That body was thin. Gledhill et al. British Journal of Health Psychology 0,, 0-.
8 Training regime Results M ANSD (n=) SD Age (years) BSQ. 8. EDE-Q..0 DAY DAY DAY DAY Psychometric tasks AFC Baseline & Training AFC Baseline & Training AFC Baseline & Training AFC Baseline & Training Psychometric tasks Note. = Body Mass Index. BSQ = Body Shape Questionnaire. EDE-Q = Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire global score. DAY AFC Baseline Psychometric tasks DAY 0 AFC Baseline Psychometric tasks Gledhill et al. British Journal of Health Psychology 0,, 0-. Gledhill et al. British Journal of Health Psychology 0,, 0-. Future Research D Scanning D Scanning Virtual Reality 8
9 Body size self - estimation tool Visual feedback for motivation for adult weight loss and weight loss maintenance Q: What would I look like? Do I want that? i) Adjust slider to match actual / desired body size ii) Program returns of selected image OR i) Input known ii) Program shows appropriate image representing that How can I stay motivated to lose the 0 kg and keep it off? A: Visualization (map shape weight) Motivating adult weight loss and its maintenance The moving image Shape you are Shape you want to be Change needed in Kg or The moving image Relax McCarty et al. (0) Scientific Reports, It s all been a bad dream 9
10 Thank you for your attention Any Questions? 0
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Citation: Cornelissen, Katri, Bester, Andre, Cairns, Paul, Tovee, Martin and Cornelissen, Piers (01) The influence of personal BMI on body size estimations and sensitivity to body size change in anorexia
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Citation: Tovée, Martin, Taylor, Jennifer and Cornelissen, Piers (2017) Can we believe judgements of human physical attractiveness? Evolution and Human Behavior, 38 (2). pp. 235-240. ISSN 1090-5138 Published
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