THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL KUWAIT

Transcription

1 THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL KUWAIT SECOND TERM EXAM PSYCHOLOGY 2018 CLASS XII Maximum marks: 70 Time allowed: 3 Hours All questions are compulsory and answers should be brief and to the point. Marks for each question are indicated against it. Question No 1-10 in part A is very short answer type questions carrying 1 mark each. Be brief and to the point Question No in Part B are very short answer questions carriying2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words. Question No in Part C is short answer type-i questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words. Question No in Part D is short answer type-ii questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 100 words. Question No. 27 and 28 in Part E are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words. PART A 1. What is PTSD? 2. A collection of people around a road side is an example of a.. 3. What is Ecology? 4. Define interview. 5. The aim of chipko movement is to: a)conserve forests b)prevent landslides. c)prevent soil erosion. d)all of them. 6. Even though Ajay s father has recently bought him a pair of trousers, Ajay is insisting on buying a new pair of particular brand of jeans that all his classmates are wearing. Ajay s behavior illustrates a)conformity. b)competition. c)obedience. d)compliance. 7. Empathy is a part of skills a)communication. b)psychological Testing. c)counselling. d)interviewing. 8. Define Social Identity.

2 9. Authenticity means that your behavioral expressions are inconsistent with your value and the way you relate to your self image. Write true or false. 10. Define Group Polarization. PART-B 11. Mention TWO tips to improve Listening Skills? 12. Explain Prisoner s Dilemma Game? 13. Why does the Interviewer prepare a schedule for the purpose of an Interview? 14. Explain the features of Crowding? 15. Write 2 ways to prevent Group Think? 16. Distinguish between Interpersonal and Intra personal Communication? PART-C 17. Why do people join groups? 18. Hearing and Listening are not the same Justify your answer. 19. What are the effects of noise on human behavior? 20. Your region has just witnessed a natural disaster. What/would be its emotional impact on the people? PART-D 21. Explain the stages of Group formation? 22. What is Aggression? Describe any FOUR causes of Aggression? 23. Write down the determinants of Conformity? 24. Explain the characteristics of an effective counselor. 25. How can the environment be protected from pollution? Suggest some Strategies? 26. Describe the set of competencies that must be kept in mind while administering a psychological test? PART-E 27. What some of the causes are of inter group conflict? What strategies would you suggest to resolve this conflict? Differentiate between obedience and compliance? Why people obey even when they know that their behavior harming others? 28. How is poverty related to discrimination? Explain the major psychological effects of poverty and deprivation? Discuss the psychological impact of television viewing on human behavior. How can its adverse consequences be reduced? Explain

3 THE INDIAN COMMUNITY SCHOOL KUWAIT SECOND TERM EXAM PSYCHOLOGY 2018 CLASS XII ANSWER KEY PART A 10x1 = Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychological problem that results from traumatic events such as natural disasters. 2. Crowd. 3. Ecology is the study of the relationship between living beings and their environment. 4. An interview is a purposeful conversation between two or more people that follows a basic question and answer format. 5. All of them. 6. Conformity. 7. Counselling. 8. One s self-definition of who he/she is. 9. False. 10. The strengthening of the groups initial position as a result of the group s initial position as a result of group interaction and discussion is referred to as group polarization. PART- B 6X2= Recognise that both the sender as well as the receiver have equal responsibility in making effective communication. Refrain from forming an early judgment about information that is being communicated. Be open to all ideas. 12. Prisoner s Dilemma Game, which is a two person game in which both parties are faced with cooperation or competition, and depending upon their choices both can win or lose, is often used to study cooperation or competition. 13. To accomplish an interview, the interviewer prepares a set of questions, also called a schedule, for different domains, or categories s/he wants to cover. To do

4 this, the interviewer must first decide on the domains/categories under which information is to be generated. They help assess facts as well as subjective assessment The experience of crowding has the following features : Feeling of discomfort, Loss or decrease in privacy, Negative view of the space around the person, and Feeling of loss of control over social interaction. 15. Two ways to counteract or prevent groupthink are: (i) encouraging and rewarding critical thinking and even disagreement among group members, (ii) encouraging groups to present alternative courses of action. 16. Intrapersonal communication involves communicating with yourself. It encompasses such activities as thought processes, personal decision-making, and focusing on self. Interpersonal communication refers to the communication that takes place between two or more persons who establish a communicative relationship. Forms of interpersonal communication include face- to-face or mediated conversations, interview and small group discussions. PART C 4X3= People join groups because these groups satisfy a range of needs. The main reasons for the people to join groups are as follows:- a) Security: b) Status: c) Self-esteem: d) Satisfaction of one s psychological and social needs: e) Goal achievement: f) Provide knowledge and information. 18. Listening is an important skill and requires a person to be attentive. S/he should be patient, non-judgmental and yet have the capacity to analyze and respond. Listening is a process that involves reception, attention, assignment of meaning, and listener s response to the message presented. Hearing is a biological activity that involves reception of a message through sensory channels. It is a part of listening. 19. When the task being performed is a simple mental task, such as addition of numbers, noise does not affect overall performance, whether it is loud or soft. In such situations, people adapt, or get used to noise. If the task being performed is very interesting, then, too, the presence of noise does not affect performance. This is because the nature of the task helps the individual to pay full attention to the task, and ignore the noise. This may also be one kind of adaptation. When the noise comes at intervals, and in an unpredictable way, it is experienced as more disturbing than if the noise is continuously present. When the task being performed is difficult, or requires full concentration, then intense, unpredictable, and uncontrollable noise reduces the level of task performance. When tolerating or switching off the noise is within the control of the person, the number of errors in task performance decreases.

5 In terms of emotional effects, noise above a certain level causes annoyance, and can also lead to sleep disturbance. These effects are also reduced if the noise is controllable, or is necessary as a part of the person s occupation. 20. The sudden loss of all their belongings as well as their dear ones leaves people shocked and stunned. This is sufficient to create a deep-seated psychological disorder. Natural disasters are traumatic experiences, i.e. emotionally wounding and shocking to those who survive the disaster. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychological problem that results from traumatic events such as natural disasters. Emotional reactions, such as grief and fear, irritability, helplessness, hopelessness, depression, sometimes absolute lack of emotion (numbness), guilt feelings for having survived while someone else in the family died, blaming oneself, and lack of interest in even routine activities. PART D 6X4= forming stage, storming stage, norming stage. Performing stage, and adjourning stage. 22. Term aggression to refer to any behaviour by one person/ persons that is intended to cause harm to another person/persons. It can be demonstrated in actual action or through the use of harsh words or criticism. Causes of Aggression: Inborn tendency, Physiological mechanisms, Child-rearing, Frustration. 23. Conformity among the group members is determined by many factors which are situation-specific. Size of the group, Size of the minority, Nature of the task, Public or private expression of behavior, Personality. 24. Characteristics of Effective Helper. These include: (i) Authenticity, (ii) Positive regard for others, (iii) Ability to empathise, and (iv) Paraphrasing. 25. Some promotive actions to protect the environment from pollution are : Reducing air pollution by keeping vehicles in good condition, or changing to non-fuel driven vehicles, stopping the practice of smoking. Reducing noise pollution by ensuring that noise levels are low Managing disposal of garbage sensibly. Planting trees and ensuring their care, keeping in mind that those plants and trees should not be planted that have adverse health effects. Saying no to plastics in any form, thus reducing toxic wastes that pollute water, air and the soil. Reducing the non-biodegradable packaging of consumer goods.

6 Laws related to construction (especially in urban areas) that violate optimal environmental design. 26. Set of competencies that must be kept in mind while administering a psychological test Ability to select and implement multiple methods and means of evaluation in ways that are responsive to, and respectful of diverse individuals, couples, families, and groups. Ability to utilise systematic approaches to gather data required for taking decisions. Knowledge of psychometric issues and bases of assessment methods. Knowledge of issues related to integration of different data sources. Ability to integrate assessment data from different sources for diagnostic purposes. Ability to formulate and apply diagnoses; to understand strengths and limitations of current diagnostic approaches. Capacity for effective use of supervision to implement and enhance skills. PART-E 2x6 = Another reason for intergroup conflict is relative deprivation Another cause of conflict is one party s belief that it is better than other. A feeling that the other group does not respect the norms of my group, and actually violates those norms because of a malevolent intent. Desire for retaliation for some harm done in the past could be another reason for conflict. Biased perceptions are at the root of most conflicts. As already mentioned earlier, feelings of they and we lead to biased perceptions. Groups compete over scarce resources, both material resources, e.g. territory, and money as well as social resources, e.g. respect and esteem. Perceived inequity is another reason for conflict. One major reason is lack of communication and faulty communication by both parties. Some of these strategies to resolve conflicts are: a. Introduction of superordinate goals b. Altering perceptions. c. Increasing intergroup contacts. d. Redrawing group boundaries. e. Negotiations. f. Structural solutions. g. Respect for other group s norms Compliance refers simply to behaving in response to a request from another person or group even in the absence of a norm. whereas when compliance is shown to an instruction or order from a person in authority, such as parents, teachers, leaders, or policemen, that behaviour is called obedience. Some of the reasons regarding obedience are: a. People obey because they feel that they are not responsible for their own actions, they are simply carrying out orders from the authority. b. Authority generally possesses symbols of status (e.g., uniform, title) which people finddifficult to resist. c. Authority gradually increases commands from lesser to greater levels and initial obedience binds the followers for commitment.

7 d. Many times, events are moving at such a fast speed, for example in a riot situation, that one has no time to think, just obey orders from above. 28. poverty is that it is a condition in which there is a lack of necessities of life in the context of unequal distribution of wealth in society. Deprivation and social disadvantage are additional features of poverty. social disadvantage because of caste and poverty has created the problem of discrimination. In the context of poverty, discrimination refers to the behaviour that makes a distinction between the rich and the poor, favouring the rich and the advantaged over the poor and the disadvantaged. This distinction can be seen in matters of social interaction, education, and employment. Psychological Characteristics and Effects of Poverty and Deprivation: Poverty and deprivation do have adverse effects on motivation, personality, social behaviour, cognitive processes, and mental health. First, television provides a large amount of infotainment in an attractive form, and in the visual mode, for which it became a powerful medium of instruction. Second, television watching may have an effect on children s ability to concentrate on one target, their creativity and ability to understand, and also their social interactions. Third,The effect of television viewing on aggressiveness and violence among the viewers, especially children. Fourth, in the case of adults as well as children, it is said that a consumerist attitude has developed, and this is due to television watching.