PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION MARKING SCHEME ( ) CLASS XII PSYCHOLOGY

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1 PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION MARKING SCHEME (207-8) CLASS XII PSYCHOLOGY TIME : 3 HRS Max Marks : 70 General Instructions. The marking scheme is a guideline. Any relevant and appropriate information pertaining to answer of a question, other than that given in the marking scheme may be marked correct. Students using their own language for explaining concepts be given due weightage. 2. Marks are not normally deducted for spelling errors but if the answer obliterates the right concept or meaning of concept is distorted, marks may be deducted accordingly. 3. If a student has attempted both parts question as well as its choice question, the part securing higher marks is to be considered. 4. Marks are not to be deducted if answers are not written according to the sequence given in the question paper. 5. Marks are not to be deducted for exceeding the word limit. Q. NO ANSWER Pg No. MARKS PART A Self Report 4 2 True 35 3 Self Esteem 26 4 Distress 52 5 Delusion Of Grandeur 80 6 Anxiety, Depression, panic attack. borderline = personality etc ANY TWO (0.5 each ) 7 Prototype 20 8 Cohesiveness 35 9 Instrumental Perspective 54 0 Body Language 86 PART B Characteristics of Gifted Individuals : ( any TWO points, mark for each point ) 3 Advanced logical thinking, questioning and problem solving behaviour. High speed in processing information. X 2 = 2 Superior generalisation and discrimination ability. Advanced level of original and creative thinking. High level of intrinsic motivation and selfesteem.

2 Independent and non-conformist thinking. Preference for solitary academic activities for long periods 2 Crowding refers to a feeling of discomfort because there are too many people or things around us Giving us the experience of physical restriction, and sometimes the lack of privacy. 3 Authenticity means that your behavioral expressions are consistent with what you value and the way you feel and relate to your inner self-image 4 In substance dependence, there is intense craving for the substance to which the person is addicted the person shows tolerance, withdrawal symptoms and compulsive drug-taking. 5 Situationism : which states that situations and circumstances in which one is placed influence one s behaviour Example : A person, who is generally aggressive, may behave in a submissive manner in the presence of her/his top boss( or any other ) Reasons for joining groups ( any TWO, Mark for each point ) 32 Security : When we are alone, we feel insecure. Groups reduce this insecurity. Being with people gives a sense of comfort, and protection. As a result, people feel stronger, and are less vulnerable to threats. Status : When we are members of a group that is perceived to be important by others, we feel recognised and experience a sense of power. Self-esteem : Groups provide feelings ofselfworth and establish a positive socialidentity. Being a member of prestigious groups enhances one s self-concept. Satisfaction of one s psychologicaland social needs: Groups satisfy one s social and psychological needs such assense of X 2 = 2 2

3 7 8 belongingness, giving and receiving attention, love, and power through a group. Goal achievement: Groups help in achieving such goals which cannot be attained individually. There is power in the majority. Provide knowledge and information: Group membership provides knowledge and information and thus broadens our view. PART C A mood disorder, in which both mania and depression are alternately present, is sometimes interrupted by periods of normal mood. This is known as bipolar mood disorder Mania: People suffering from mania become euphoric ( high ), extremely active, excessively talkative, and easily distractible Depression is defined as a period of depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, together with other symptoms which may include change in body weight, constant sleep problems, tiredness, inability to think clearly, agitation, greatly slowed behaviour, and thoughts of death and suicide Effects of television : Reduces their habit of reading and writing, and also their outdoor activities such as playing Second, television watching may have an effect on children s ability to concentrate on one target, their creativity and ability to understand, and also their social interactions 9 The results of research showed that watching violence on television was, indeed, linked to greater aggressiveness in the viewers. It is also has some positive impact and is linked with catharsis Any Three of the following ( Mark each point ) 86 3

4 Recognise that both the sender as well as the receiver have equal responsibility in making effective communication. Refrain from forming an early judgment about information that is being communicated. Be open to all ideas. Be a patient listener. Do not be in a hurry to respond. Avoid ego speak. That is, do not talk only about what you want to talk about. Give consideration also to others and to what they say. Be careful to the emotional responses which certain words are likely to bring about. Be aware that your posture affects your listening. Control distractions. If in doubt, try to paraphrase. Also check with the sender whether s/he has been correctly understood by you. Visualise what is being said. That is, try to translate the message in the form of a concrete action X 3 = 3 20 The thought component is referred to as the cognitive aspect The emotional component is known as the affective aspect the tendency to act is called the behavioural (or conative) aspect. Taken together, these three aspects have been referred to as the A-B-C components (Affective-Behavioural- Cognitive components) of attitude. 0.5 Example: Any one example explaining all three components. 0.5 mark for explanation of each component 0.5 X 3 =.5 PART D 2 Gardener s types of Intelligence : ( any two of the 7 4

5 following ) Linguistic Intelligence Interpersonal intelligence Intrapersonal Intelligence Spatial Intelligence Bodily Kinesthetic Intelligence Logical Mathematical Inteligence Musical Intelligence Naturalistic Intelligence Explanation as follows : ( any Two of the above ) Definition mark Example mark 2 X 2 = 4 22 Structured Personality Test : ( any two points of the following, Mark for each point ) It was Allport who suggested that the best method to assess a person is by asking\ her/him about herself/himself. This led to the use of self-report measures. These are fairly structured measures, often based on theory, that require subjects to give verbal responses using some kind of rating scale. The method requires the subject to objectively report her/his own feelings with respect to various items. The responses are accepted at their face value tests : ( Brief explanation on any TWO, Mark each ). 6PF 2. MMPI 3. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire 42 X 2 = 2 X 2 = 2 23 Cultural Approach ( any four points of the following ) One mark for each point This approach attempts to understand personality in relation to the features of ecological and cultural environment. It proposes that a group s economic\ 39 X 4 = 4 5

6 maintenance system plays a vital role in the origin of cultural and behavioural variations. The climatic conditions, the nature of terrain of the habitat and the availability of food (flora and fauna) in it determine not only people s economic activities, but also their settlement patterns, social structures, division of labour, and other features such as childrearing practices. Taken together these elements constitute a child s overall learning environment. People s skills, abilities, behavioural styles, and value Priorities are viewed as strongly linked tothese features. Rituals, ceremonies, religious practices, arts, recreational activities, games and play are the means through which people s personality gets projected in a culture. People develop various personality (behavioural) qualities in an attempt to adapt to the ecological and cultural features of a group s life. The Birhor (a\ tribal group) of Jharkhand represent such a population. Most of them live a nomadic life, which requires constant movement in small bands from one forest to another in search of games and other forest products (e.g., fruits, roots, mushrooms, honey, etc.). In the Birhor society, children from an early age are allowed enormous freedom to move into forests and learn hunting and gathering skills. In agricultural societies, children are socialised to be obedient to elders, nurturant to youngsters, and responsible to their duties. Since these behavioural qualities make people more functional in agricultural societies, they become dominant features of people s personality in contrast to independence, autonomy and achievement, which are more functional (and thus highly valued) in huntinggathering societies. 24 Factors influencing Prosocial behaviour : Inborn tendency Learning Cultural factors 6 24 X 4 = 4

7 Social Norms Expected reactions High empathy Redused by bad mood No of bystandars Explain any four of the above, one mark for each point 25 Intergroup conflicts : ( Explain any FOUR points of the following, mark for each point ) Lack of communication Relative depreviation One party s belief that it is better than other Does not respect group norms Desire for retailiation of past Biased perceptions People are more competitive in groups Perceived inequity 47 X 4 = 4 26 Psychological models : ( any TWO points, 2 marks each point ) Psychodynamic model Cognitive model Humanistic existential model Socio cultural model Explain the above ( any TWO ) 74 2 X 2 = 4 PART E 27 Psychodynamic Therapy The Psychodynamic therapy pioneered by Sigmund Freud Methods :. Free Association 2. Dream Analysis Modality : ( any FOUR points, mark for each point ). Transference Positive and Negative 2. Resistance Conscious and Unconscious 3. Interpretation Confrontation and Clarification X 4 = 4

8 4. Working Through 5. Insight OR mark for each point 98 Systematic desensitisation is a technique introduced by Wolpe for treating phobias or irrational fears. The client is interviewed to elicit fear provoking situations and together with the client, the therapist prepares a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli with the least anxiety-provoking stimuli at the bottom of the hierarchy. The therapist relaxes the client and asks the client to think about the least anxietyprovoking situation. The client is asked to stop thinking of the fearful situation if the slightest tension is felt Over sessions, the client is able to imagine more severe fear provoking situations while maintaining the relaxation. The client gets systematically desensitised to the fear. The principle of reciprocal inhibition operates here. This principle states that the presence of two mutually opposing forces at the same time, inhibits the weaker force. Thus, the relaxation response is first built up and mildly anxiety-provoking scene is imagined, and the anxiety is overcome by the relaxation. The client is able to tolerate progressively greater levels of anxiety because of her/his relaxed state. X 6 = 6 Or Any other therapy with suitable explanation. 28 Life skills : Are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enables individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life 66 8

9 Life skills ( any FIVE ).Assertiveness 2.Time Management 3. Rational thinking 4.Improving Relationship 5. Self care 6. Overcoming Unhelpful Habits 7. Diet 8. Exercise 9.Positive Attitude 0.Positive Thinking.Social Support X 5 = 5 mark for each point OR GAS Model Alarm stage Resistance Stage Exhaustion stage Diagram Explanation of the above points with diagram mark for each point 59, 6 X 4 = 4 Coping : any one of the following with example As given by Endler and Parker Task oriented coping Emotion focused coping Avoidance oriented coping As given by Lazarous and Folkman Problem focused Emotion focused Explanation of any ONE strategy. Need not list all. 2 X = 2 9

Psychology Class- XII Sample Question Paper 2017 Time 3 Hours Max Marks 70

Psychology Class- XII Sample Question Paper 2017 Time 3 Hours Max Marks 70 General instructions All questions are compulsory and answers should be brief and to the point. Marks for each question are indicated