Genus Gorgyra Holland, 1896

Transcription

1 AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES 17 th edition (2018). MARK C. WILLIAMS. Genus Gorgyra Holland, 1896 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 31 (2-107). Type-species: Apaustus aburae Plötz, by original designation. = Oedaloneura Mabille, 1904 in Mabille, In: Wytsman, P.A.G. Genera Insectorum 17: 101 (210 pp.). Type-species: Pamphila heterochrus Mabille, by monotypy. The genus Gorgyra belongs to the Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809; Subfamily Hesperiinae Latreille, 1809, incertae sedis. Other genera in the Subfamily Hesperiinae, incertae sedis are Tsitana, Lepella, Astictopterus, Arnetta, Prosopalpus, Kedestes, Fulda, Gyrogra, Teniorhinus, Herila, Ceratrichia, Ceratricula, Flandria, Pardaleodes, Hollandus, Ankola, Xanthodisca, Acada, Rhabdomantis, Osmodes, Parosmodes, Osphantes, Acleros, Paracleros, Semalea, Hypoleucis, Meza, Paronymus, Andronymus, Malaza, Perrotia, Ploetzia, Moltena, Chondrolepis, Zophopetes, Gamia, Artitropa, Mopala, Gretna, Pteroteinon, Leona, Caenides, Monza, Melphina, Melphinyet, Noctulana, Fresna, Platylesches, and Erionota. Gorgyra (Leaf Sitters) is an Afrotropical genus of 23 species. Many of the species are apparently very scarce. In part, this apparent scarcity might be due to the fact that individuals bask on leaves at the forest edge in the morning but from about 11h00 they usually disappear into the forest. *Gorgyra aburae (Plötz, 1879) Swollen Leaf Sitter Apaustus aburae Plötz, Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 40: 359 ( ). Type locality: Ghana: Aburae. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Sierra Leone Tiwai Island (Larsen, 2005a); Moyamba (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia Harbel (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Tai (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Aburi (TL); Takoradi (Larsen, 2005a); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Likpe (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria Aba (Larsen, 2005a); Ikom (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a very rare skipper (Larsen, 2005a). *Gorgyra afikpo Druce, 1909 Large Leaf Sitter Gorgyra afikpo Druce, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1909: 411 ( ). 1

2 Gorgyra afikpo. Male (Wingspan 31 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Nigeria: Afikpo, N. Nigeria. Diagnosis: The only species of Gorgyra with a hyaline spot in space 4; forewing very rounded (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Senegal Basse Casamance (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone Bumbuna (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Lamto (Vuattoux, 1999); Banco (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Atewa (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria Afikpo (TL). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Mpassa, Bateke Plateau (Vande weghe, 2010). Tanzania Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998; uncommon); Munene Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998; uncommon). Habits: Rare west of the Dahomey Gap but may be common in Cameroon and Central African Republic (Larsen, 2005a). Usually found flying along forest paths, settling on low vegetation (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Larval food: Connarus thonningii (DC.) G. Schellenb. (Connaraceae) [Vuattoux, 1999; Ivory Coast)]. Dichapetalum madagascariense Poir. var. madagascariense (= Dichapetalum guineense (DC.) Keay) (Dichapetalaceae) [Vuattoux, 1999; Ivory Coast]. *Gorgyra aretina (Hewitson, 1878) Blotched Leaf Sitter Blotched Leaf Sitter, Gorgyra aretina. PuguHills, Tanzania. 2

3 Image courtesy Sudheer Kommana. Ceratrichia aretina Hewitson, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 1: 343 ( ). Gorgyra aretina. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Lisombo, Mwinilunga district, Zambia. 7 October Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Type locality: Nigeria: Calabar. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (west), Zambia (north-west). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria Calabar (TL); Lagos (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Aboe (Ploetz, 1879); Mokundange (Strand, 1913); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Waka National Park (Vande weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Kafakumba (Larsen, 2005a). Kenya Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Lubalizi River (Kielland, 1990d); Gombe Stream (Kielland, 1990d); Ntondo in the foothills of Mount Mahale (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Lisombo (Gardiner; male specimen illustrated above). Habitat: Forest, including somewhat degraded habitat (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania in forests from 800 to m, occasionally to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A not uncommon butterfly, that is usually met with in ones and twos (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes come to flowers and males mud-puddle (Larsen, 2005a). Flies along forest paths and in forest clearings, often settling on low vegetation and flowers (Kielland, 1990d). Note: Larsen (2005a) discusses, at length, the male genitalia of the western and eastern populations of this skipper and concludes that two species are involved, with the western populations in need of a new name; further study is required before the matter can be fully resolved. dolus Plötz, 1879 (as sp. of Apaustus). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 40: 358 ( ). [Cameroon]: Aboe. albiventris Mabille; Holland, 1896 (as sp. of Gastrochaeta). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 35 (2-107). [Invalid; manuscript name introduced in synonymy.] aretinodes Strand, 1913 (as var. of Gorgyra aretina). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78 (A.12.): 48 (30-84). Cameroon: Mokundange. *Gorgyra bibulus Riley, 1929 Gorgyra bibulus Riley, 1929 in Eltringham et al., Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 77: 504 (475-3

4 504). Gorgyra bibulus. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 26mm. Nr. Livingstonia, Malawi. 08/iv/1995. AJ & MW Gardiner. (Gardiner Collection). Type locality: [Kenya]: S.E. slopes of Mt Kenya, 6000 ft. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu, Shaba), Uganda (west), Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia. Recorded, in error, from Nigeria by Evans,1937 (Larsen, 2005a). Kenya S.E. slopes of Mount Kenya (TL); Teita Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Katamayu (Larsen, 1991c); Ol Doinyo Sabuk (Larsen, 1991c); Meru (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Kitesa Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Mufindi (Kielland, 1990d); Usambaras (Kielland, 1990d); Kilimanjaro (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi Livingstonia (female specimen illustrated above). Zambia Nyika (Heath et al., 2002). In Tanzania it is found in forests from 300 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A scarce species (Larsen, 1991c). Settles on low vegetation and flowers (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Cock & Congdon, 2013: 7 [ovum, larva and pupa] Larval food: Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. (Putranjivaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 325; Cock & Congdon (2013) state that this record requires confirmation]. Rourea thomsonii (Baker) Jongkind (Connaraceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 12; probly refers to Cock s unpublished record from Kenya (see Cock & Congdon, 2013)]. *Gorgyra bina Evans, 1937 Bina Leaf Sitter Gorgyra bina Evans, A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 93 (212 pp.). 4

5 Gorgyra bina. Male (Wingspan 25 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroons (Bitje). Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Liberia Zorzor (Larsen, 2005a); Ganta (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Aburi (Larsen, 2005a); Boabeng- Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria Ikeja (Larsen, 2005a); Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Bitje (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Mondah (Vande weghe, 2010); Safala (Vande weghe, 2010). Uganda Zika Forest, Entebbe (Cock & Congdon, 2013). Tanzania Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Munene Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998; not uncommon). Habits: A scarce skipper (Larsen, 2005a). Mostly encountered flying along forest paths, settling on low vegetation (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Sevastopulo vide Cock & Congdon, 2013: 5 [larva & pupa; Uganda]. *Gorgyra bule Miller, 1964 Miller s Leaf Sitter Gorgyra bule Miller, Bulletin de l Institut Français d Afrique Noire (A) 26: 643 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Bule Country. Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria (west), Cameroon, Central African Republic. Ghana Aburi (Larsen, 2005a); Amedzofe (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria Lagos (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Bule (TL). Habits: Much scarcer than the closely-related, and sometimes sympatric, Gorgyra diversata (Larsen, 2005a). *Gorgyra diva Evans, 1937 Gorgyra diva Evans, A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 94 (212 pp.). 5

6 Gorgyra diva. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 21mm. Iliguru Mts nr Morogoro, Tanzania. 31/iii/1995. AJ & MW Gardiner. (Gardiner Collection). Type locality: [Kenya]: Rabai to Mombasa. Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Kenya Rabai to Mombasa (TL); Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest. Tanzania Sibweza in Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Gombe Stream (Kielland, 1990d); Pugu Hills (Kielland, 1990d); Kimboza Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Mikumi National Park (Kielland, 1990d); Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Iliguru Mountains, near Morogoro (male specimen illustrated above). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: In Tanzania in forest, forest margins and heavy woodlands, from near sea-level to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A very rare skipper (Larsen, 1991c). In flight the white-tipped abdomen in males is reminiscent of that in Acleros mackenii, but diva flies more swiftly (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Sevastopulo, 1974, 1975 [larva & pupa; Shimba Hills] Larval food: Rourea orientalis Baill. (= Byrsocarpus orientalis (Baill.) Baker) (Connaraceae) [Sevastopulo, 1974, 1975; Shimba Hills, Kenya]. *Gorgyra diversata, Evans, 1937 Dark Leaf Sitter Gorgyra diversata Evans, A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 94 (212 pp.). Type locality: Guinea: French Guinea ; [Ghana]: Gold Coast ; Cameroon: Cameroons ; Angola. Larsen (2005a) designated a specimen from Angola, that was dissected by Evans, as lectotype. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west Bwamba), Kenya (west). Guinea Mamou (Larsen, 2005a); Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Habitat: Forest, including secondary growth (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A reasonably common leaf sitter, at least in West Africa (Larsen, 2005a). Note: There is one, or more, undescribed species within the distribution range of diversata, as given above 6

7 (Larsen, 2005a). *Gorgyra heterochrus (Mabille, 1890) White-tufted Leaf Sitter Pamphila heterochrus Mabille, Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 10: 31 (17-51). Gorgyra heterochrus. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Sanniquellei, Nimba Mountains, Liberia. 9 January J. Dobson. Images M.C.Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Ivory Coast: Assinie. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic. Guinea Seredou (Larsen, 2005a); Macenta (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Assinie, Abidjan (TL). Ghana Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a); Likpe area (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria Agege (Larsen, 2005a); Omo (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest, including secondary growth (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A not uncommon member of the genus, which is usually met with singly (Larsen, 2005a). *Gorgyra johnstoni (Butler, 1894) Johnston s Leaf Sitter Male Johnston s Leaf Sitter (Gorgyra johnstoni). Tanzania. Image courtesy, Sudheer Kommana. Aeromachus? johnstoni Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893: 673 ( ). Gorgyra johnstoni (Butler, 1893). Dickson & Kroon, [date of authorship erroneous] Gorgyra johnstoni (Butler, 1893). Pringle et al., 1994: 327. [date of authorship erroneous] 7

8 Gorgyra johnstoni. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Mount Namuli, Mozambique. 24 April Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Alternative common names: Johnston s Ranger; Johnston s Skipper. Type locality: [Zambia]: Mipa stream, Mofwi. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Kenya (coast), Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (east). Kenya Rabai (Larsen, 1991c); Arabuko-Sokoke Forest (Larsen, 1991c); Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa Range (Kielland, 1990d); Masagati Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Morogoro (Kielland, 1990d); Kimboza Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Kitesa Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Njombe (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Mipa stream, Mofwi (TL); Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); mid-lunga River (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Ndola (Heath et al., 2002); Luanshya (Heath et al., 2002); Miengwe (Heath et al., 2002); Kafue Township (Heath et al., 2002); Mkushi (Heath et al., 2002); Kanona (Heath et al., 2002); Lake Mweru (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique Amatongas (Pennington); Inhaminga (Pinhey); Xiluvo (Pringle et al., 1994); Dondo; Mt Namuli (A. Gerdiner). Zimbabwe Vumba (Barnes); Butler North, 60 km south of Mutare (Pennington); Mutare (Pinhey); Kadoma (Cottrell); Pungwe (Pringle et al., 1994). Habitat: Forest (Pringle et al., 1994). Brachystegia woodland. In Tanzania in woodland, riverine forest and forest margins, from 400 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A scarce species of skipper, which may be locally common in some localities in Mozambique and Zimbabwe (Larsen, 1991c). Specimens are usually found on the fringes of thick forest in the morning, settling low down in sunny spots. By 11:00 they disappear into the forest (Pringle et al., 1994). Specimens visit flowers and settle on low vegetation (Kielland, 1990d). Flight period: All year (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Cock & Congdon, 2013: 12 [ovum, larva & pupa] The larvae are frequently parasitized (Cock vide Larsen, 1991c: 415; Cock & Congdon, 2013: 6). Larval food: Rourea orientalis Baill. (Connaraceae) [Cock & Congdon, 2013; Shimba Hills, Kenya]. *Gorgyra kalinzu Evans, 1949 Kalinzu Leaf Sitter Gorgyra kalinzu Evans, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12) 2: 55 (54-56). 8

9 Type locality: [Uganda]: Kalinzu, W. Ankole. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (central and east), Uganda (west), Kenya (west), Tanzania (west), Zambia. Nigeria Buabre in Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a; single male). Cameroon Rumpi Hills (T. Helps, vide Larsen, 2005a). Uganda Kalinzu (TL). Kenya Kakamega (Larsen, 2005a). Tanzania Kigoma forests (Kielland, 1990d); Sandstone Range forests in Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: This is a scarce skipper (Kielland, 1990d; Larsen, 2005a). *Gorgyra kasungo Larsen & Collins, 2014 Gorgyra kasungo Larsen & Collins, Metamorphosis 25: 65 (60-76). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu, Mitumba Mts, Muleke, 2000 m (00.20N 29.20E) (Jan. 2013). Holotype male in the African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo Muleke (TL); Kasungo (= Kasugho) (Larsen & Collins, 2014); Kasuo (Larsen & Collins, 2014); Kithokolo (Larsen & Collins, 2014); Kanyambia (Larsen & Collins, 2014); Maliva (Larsen & Collins, 2014). Habitat: Found mainly at edges and in clearings in submontane forest (Larsen & Collins, 2014). *Gorgyra minima Holland, 1896 Minimal Leaf Sitter Gorgyra minima Holland, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 33 (2-107). Type locality: Congo: French Congo. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria (west), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west West Nile Province), Kenya (west). Recorded from Tanzania by Kielland (1978) but not included in his book (Kielland, 1990d) on the butterflies of Tanzania. Guinea Fouta Djalon (Larsen, 2005a); Macenta (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Kogyae (Larsen, 2005a); Nakpanduri (Larsen, 2005a); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016). Nigeria Shaki (Larsen, 2005a); Iseyin (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest, including well-developed secondary growth, and in Guinea savanna (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: An uncommon skipper (Larsen, 2005a). *Gorgyra mocquerysii Holland, 1896 Mocquery s Leaf Sitter 9

10 Gorgyra mocquerysii Holland, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 33 (2-107). Gorgyra mocquerysii. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Sanniquellei, Nimba Mountains, Liberia. 9 January J. Dobson. Images M.C.Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Congo: French Congo. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (west), Zambia (north). Guinea Labe (Larsen, 2005a); Dubreka (Larsen, 2005a); Seredou (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia Harbel (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Adiopodoume (Larsen, 2005a); Banco (Larsen, 2005a); near San Pedro, Monogaga (A. Gardiner; male illustrated above). Ghana Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Aburi (Larsen, 2005a). Togo Klouto (Safian et al., 2009). Nigeria Ikeja (Larsen, 2005a); Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Eket (Larsen, 2005a). Angola Kwanza Norte Province (Mendes et al., 2013). Tanzania Kigoma and bordering areas of Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest and riparian vegetation, from 800 to m in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A fairly rare species in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Cock & Congdon, 2013: 16 [larva & pupa] Larval food: Agelaea pentagyna (Lam.) Baill. (Connaraceae). [Cock & Congdon, 2013; Ivory Coast]. *Gorgyra pali Evans, 1937 Pale Leaf Sitter Gorgyra pali Evans, A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 95 (212 pp.). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroons (Bitje). Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west). Ivory Coast Man (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a); Tai National Park (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Bitje (TL). Gabon Waka National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Akaka, Loango National Park (Vande weghe, 10

11 2010). Habits: An uncommon and easily ovelooked leaf sitter (Larsen, 2005a). The flight seems to be weaker than in other members of the genus (Larsen, 2005a). *Gorgyra rubescens Holland, 1896 Rufous Leaf Sitter Gorgyra rubescens Holland, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 35 (2-107). Type locality: Gabon: Valley of the Ogové. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Nigeria Mkpot 1 (Larsen, 2005a); Old Ekuri (Larsen, 2005a); Uwet (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Alen (Strand, 1913). Gabon Ogove Valley (TL); Waka National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Langoue, Ivindo National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Nouna (Vande weghe, 2010); Kangwe (Vande weghe, 2010); Talaguga (Vande weghe, 2010). Habitat: Primary forest. Habits: A scarce skipper of deep forest (Larsen, 2005a). Males perch in sunny spots on leaves, about two metres above the ground, occasionally making fast flights around their territory (Larsen, 2005a). tessmanni Strand, 1913 (as sp. of Gorgyra). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78 (A.12.): 48 (30-84). Cameroon: Alen. *Gorgyra sara Evans, 1937 Common Leaf Sitter Gorgyra sara Evans, A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 95 (212 pp.). Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini), Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Gabon Ogove Valley (Holland, 1896). Habitat: Forest, especially in secondary growth (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Probably the commonest leaf sitter in West Africa, but still usually only found in ones and twos (Larsen, 2005a). Larval food: Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC. (Connaraceae) [Vuattoux, 1999; Ivory Coast]. diversata Holland, 1896 (as var. of Gorgyra aburae). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 32 (2-107). Gabon: Valley of the Ogové. Larsen (2005a) believes that Holland was actually dealing with what is now Gorgyra sara Evans, 1937, rather than Gorgyra aburae Ploetz,

12 *Gorgyra sola Evans, 1937 Rare Leaf Sitter Gorgyra sola Evans, A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum: 92 (212 pp.). Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (Warren-Gash, pers. comm., 2002), Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Sierra Leone Bumbuna (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia Harbel (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Alepe (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria Oshodi (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A very rare skipper (Larsen, 2005a). *Gorgyra stewarti Larsen, 2010 Gorgyra stewarti Larsen, Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 122: 56 (55-58). Gorgyra stewarti Larsen, Larsen & Collins, 2014: 69; 1 st description and illustration of adult male and male genitalia. Holotype (female) of Gorgyra stewarti Images courtesy Torben Larsen Type locality: Cameroon: Ebogo, ii Holotype (female) in the African Butterfly Research Institute (ABRI), Nairobi ex coll. J. Stewart. Described from two females. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Cameroon Ebogo (TL). Democratic Republic of Congo Mount Atonzo, North Kivu Province (R. Ducarme, vide Larsen, 2010); Lukolela (Larsen & Collins, 2014). Habits: Appears to be a rare species (Larsen, 2010). *Gorgyra subfacatus (Mabille, 1889) Ochreous Leaf Sitter 12

13 Cobalus subfacatus Mabille, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 9: 168 ( , , , ). Type locality: Sierra Leone: Sierra-Leone. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau (Larsen, 2005a), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria (west). Guinea-Bissau Buba (Larsen, 2005a). Guinea Fouta Djalon (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone Freetown (Larsen, 2005a); Loma Mountains (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia Bigtown (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Abengourou (Larsen, 2005a); Man (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Kumasi (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Aburi (Larsen, 2005a). Benin Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016). Nigeria Olokemeji (Larsen, 2005a); Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Ikeja (Larsen, 2005a); Warri (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest, especially secondary forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Individuals come to flowers, such as those of lantana (Larsen, 2005a). *Gorgyra vosseleri Grünberg, 1907 Gorgyra vosseleri Grünberg, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1907: 577 ( ). Gorgyra subfacatus vosseleri Grünberg, Ackery et al., Gorgyra vosseleri Grünberg, Larsen, 2005a., stat. rev. Gorgyra vosseleri Grünberg, Larsen & Collins, 2014: 66; redescription, female illustrated and male genitalia illustrated. Type locality: [Tanzania]: Deutsch-Ostafrika, Amani. Holotype (male) is in the Humboldt Museum, Berlin. Distribution: Tanzania (north-east and central). Tanzania Amani (TL); West and East Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Mwanihana Forest in the Uzungwa Range (Kielland, 1990d); Rondo Plateau (Kielland, 1990d); Pare Mountains (Larsen & Collins, 2014); Udzungwa Mountains (Larsen & Collins, 2014). Habitat: Submontane forest, from 900 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Males are attracted to wet sand (Kielland, 1990d). *Gorgyra subflavidus Holland, 1896 Gorgyra subflavidus Holland, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 34 (2-107). Gorgyra subflavidus Holland, Pringle et al., 1994: 327. Type locality: [Tanzania]: Usagara, East Africa. Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania (east), Mozambique (coast north). Kenya Mombasa (Larsen, 1991c); Diani (Larsen, 1991c); Rabai (Larsen, 1991c); Arabuko-Sokoke (Larsen, 1991c); Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c) Tanzania Usagara (TL); Amani (Evans, 1947); East Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Kimboza Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Mwanihana Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Masagati Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Pugu Hills (Kielland, 1990d); Mikumi National 13

14 Park (Kielland, 1990d); Rondo Plateau (Kielland, 1990d); Pemba Island (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Forest, from near sea-level to m in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A very scarce butterfly throughout its range (Larsen, 1991c). Specimens are usually found singly when perched on leaves, along forest roads or in forest clearings (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Cock & Congdon, 2013: 18 [larva & pupa] Larval food:? Khaya sp. (Meliaceae). [Cock & Congdon, 2013; Sanje, Tanzania].?Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C. DC. (Meliaceae) [Congdon & Bampton in CRG database, 2016; Sanje, Tanzania; as?khaya nyasica Stapf ex Baker f.]. pan Evans, 1947 (as sp. of Gorgyra). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11) 13: 645 ( ). [Tanzania]: Amani. Usambara. *Gorgyra warreni Collins & Larsen, 2008 Gorgyra warreni Collins & Larsen, Metamorphosis 19 (2): 91 (42-113). Gorgyra warreni holotype male, upperside left and underside right Type locality: Nigeria: Obudu Plateau (06 25'N 09 19'E), iv.2007 (S.C. Collins leg., coll. ABRI). Distribution: Nigeria (east). Nigeria Obudu Plateau (TL); Obudu Cattle Ranch (C.S. Lewis, vide Collins & Larsen, 2008). Etymology: Named for Robert Warren in recognition of his work on Nigerian butterflies. Habitat: Submontane forest zone of the Obudu Plateau (Collins & Larsen, 2008). Habits: Nothing published. 14