Genus Euphaedra Hübner, 1819

Transcription

1 14 th edition (2015). Genus Euphaedra Hübner, 1819 In: Hübner, [1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge 39 ( pp.). Augsburg. Type-species: Papilio cyparissa Cramer, by subsequent designation (Scudder, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 172 (91-293).). = Najas Hübner, 1807 in Hübner, [ ]. Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: pl. 60 ([vi] pp., 213 pls.). Augsberg. Type-species: Najas themis Hübner, by monotypy. [Placed on the Official List of Rejected and Invalid Names in Zoology; Opinion 789, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 23: ]. = Romaleosoma Blanchard, Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Orthoptères, Néuroptères, Hémiptères, Hyménoptères, Lépidotères et Diptères 3: 448 (672 pp.). Paris. Type-species: Papilio eleus Drury, by original designation. = Romalaeosoma Röber, 1888 in Staudinger and Schatz, Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 162 (333 pp.). Bayern. [An unjustified emendation of Romaleosoma Blanchard.] Generic review by Hecq, Key to subgenera in Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 1-117). Order of subgenera and species, below, as arranged in this publication. An Afrotropical genus containing 245 species. Relevant literature: Hecq, 2006b [New species]. Oremans, 2006 [New species]. Molleman & Hecq, 2005 [Host plants and early stages]. Amiet, 2004 [Diagnostic characters]. Subgenus Proteuphaedra Hecq, 1976 Lambillionea 76: 53 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Romalaeosoma [sic] luperca Hewitson, by original designation. *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) rubrocostata (Aurivillius, 1897) 1

2 Euryphene rubrocostata Aurivillius, Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 54: 279 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Congogebiet: Beni-Bendi. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) rubrocostata rubrocostata (Aurivillius, 1897) Euryphene rubrocostata Aurivillius, Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 54: 279 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Congogebiet: Beni-Bendi. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo Beni-Bendi (TL). Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) rubrocostata generosa Hecq, 1987 Euphaedra rubrocostata generosa Hecq, Lambillionea 87: 105 ( ). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Mbandaka. First description of male by Oremans, 1996 (Entomologia Africana 1: 14). Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Gabon Camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Mbandaka (TL). *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) aubergeri Hecq, 1977 Auberger s Forester Euphaedra aubergeri Hecq, Lambillionea 76: 82 (82-84). Type locality: Ivory Coast: Danane, Côte d Ivoire. Distribution: Ivory Coast (north-west). Ivory Coast Danane (TL). Habitat: Forest. *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) symphona Bethune-Baker, 1908 Euphaedra symphona Bethune-Baker, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 472 ( ). 2

3 Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Beni-Mawambe, Congo Free State. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (central, Uele, north Kivu). Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) symphona symphona Bethune-Baker, 1908 Euphaedra symphona Bethune-Baker, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 472 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Beni-Mawambe, Congo Free State. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (central, Uele, north Kivu). Gabon Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Beni-Mawambe (TL). medonoides Wichgraf, 1913 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 7: 9 (9-10, 13-14, 21-22). Democratic Republic of Congo: Kongo. Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) symphona affabilis Hecq, 1996 Euphaedra symphona affabilis Hecq, Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 126 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Zaïre, Eala, VIII (J. Ghesquière). Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo Eala (TL). *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) aurivillii Niepelt, 1914 Euphaedra aurivillii Niepelt, 1914 in Strand, Lepidoptera Niepeltiana [1]: 34 (1-64). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kassaifluss, Kongostaat. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central and east). Democratic Republic of Congo Kassai River (TL). *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) adolfifriderici Schultze, 1920 Euphaedra adolfifriderici Schultze, Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 746 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun: Endendum. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (south-west). Cameroon Endendum (TL). 3

4 Gabon Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Mikongo (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Kongou (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) luperca (Hewitson, 1864) Nigerian Blue Forester Romalaeosoma [sic] luperca Hewitson, 1864 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 33 (124 pp.). London. Type locality: Nigeria: Calibar. Distribution: Nigeria (south), Cameroon (west). Nigeria Calabar (TL); Ore (Larsen, 2005a); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Sapoba (Larsen, 2005a); Port Harcourt (Larsen, 2005a); Cross River loop (Oban Hills) (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: An uncommon butterfly that is also very wary (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) fucora Hecq, 1979 Oban Blue Forester Euphaedra luteofasciata fucora Hecq, Lambillionea 79: 48 (47-48). Euphaedra fucora Hecq, Ackery et al., 1995: 409. Type locality: Nigeria: Nigeria. Distribution: Nigeria (south-east), Cameroon. Nigeria Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A scarce species that is wary but comes to feed on fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Note: Raised from Euphaedra luteofasciata fucora (according to Ackery et al., 1995: 409) or from Euphaedra luperca fucora (according to the Zoological Records). *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) luteofasciata Hecq, 1979 Euphaedra luteofasciata Hecq, Lambillionea 79: 48 (47-48). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroun ; Democratic Republic of Congo: Mayumbe. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Mayumbe). 4

5 Cameroon Bipindi (Bartel, 1905). Gabon Lake Azingo (Rothschild, 1918); Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Kongou (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Mayumbe (TL). luteofasciata Bartel, 1905 (as ab. of Euphaedra luperca). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 143 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun (Bipindi, Urwaldweg). variegata Aurivillius, 1912 in Seitz, (as ab. of Euphaedra luperca). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 320 (614 pp.). Congo. suffusa Rothschild, 1918 (as ab. of Euphaedra luperca). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 338 ( ). Gabon: Lake Azingo, Gaboon. variegata d Abrera, 1980 (as ssp. of Euphaedra luperca). Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 320 (593 pp.). Melbourne. Gabon/Democratic Republic of Congo: Gabon and south-western Zaire. *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) marginalis Hecq, 1979 Euphaedra luperca marginalis Hecq, Lambillionea 79: 47 (47-48). Euphaedra luperca marginalis Hecq, Ackery et al., 1995: 408. Euphaedra marginalis Hecq, Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 22 (1-117). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi, Mongala, Uele). *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) lupercoides Rothschild, 1918 Euphaedra lupercoides Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicae 25: 338 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Luebo, Kassai River. Distribution: Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Specfic localities: Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo Luebo, Kassai River (TL). *Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) imperialis Lindemans, 1910 Imperial Forester Euphaedra imperialis Lindemans, Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 53: 278 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Zuid-Kameroen (West-Afrika). 5

6 Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest. Subspecies hecqui is found in submontane forest at to m (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: The species is usually scarce but at times is locally common (Larsen, 2005a). The species seems to be long-lived, Libert (1994) having re-captured a marked individual ten weeks later. Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) imperialis imperialis Lindemans, 1910 Euphaedra imperialis Lindemans, Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 53: 278 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Zuid-Kameroen (West-Afrika). Distribution: Cameroon (south). strasseni Schultze, 1912 (as var. of Euphaedra luperca). Entomologische Rundschau 29: 92 (91-93). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun. Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) imperialis gabonica Rothschild, 1918 Euphaedra imperialis gabonica Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicae 25: 338 ( ). Type locality: Gabon: Lambarene, French Congo. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon (west), Gabon. Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Lambarene (TL); Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Tchimbale (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) imperialis hecqui Darge, 1974 Euphaedra imperialis hecqui Darge, Annales de la Faculté des Sciences. Université Fédérale du Cameroun 18: 77 (71-77). Type locality: Cameroon: Mont Manengouba, 1600 mètres. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Nigeria Obudu Plateau (St Leger, 1989). Cameroon Mount Manengouba (TL). Euphaedra (Proteuphaedra) imperialis arta Hecq, 1979 Euphaedra imperialis arta Hecq, Lambillionea 79: 48 (47-48). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Known only from the male holotype at the time it was described. First description of female by Oremans, (Entomologia Africana 1: 13). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Sankuru). 6

7 Subgenus Medoniana Hecq, 1976 Lambillionea 76: 54 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Papilio medon Linnaeus, by original designation. *Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon (Linnaeus, 1763) Widespread Forester Perching male of the Widespread Forester (Euphaedra medon fraudata). Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, Image courtesy Raimund Schutte. Papilio medon Linnaeus, Amoenitates Academicae 6: 402 ( ). Euphaedra medon medon. Male (Wingspan 52 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. 7

8 Euphaedra medon medon. Female (Wingspan 65 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Alternative common name: Common Forester. Type locality: [West Africa]: in Indiis. [False locality.] Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat: Forest and riverine vegetation, including heavily degraded forest habitat (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania it occurs at altitudes from 800 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: This is probably the most common and widespread species in the genus (Larsen, 2005a). Males fly up and down forest paths (Larsen, 1991c). Males often perch on the ground in a sunny spot and are very aggressive to other passing males (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Van Someren, Congdon & Bampton, 1996: 18 [larva and pupa illustrated in colour]. Larval food: Allophylus species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 310]. Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae) [Hecq, 1997; as Phialodiscus zambesiacus]. Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318; as Phialodiscus unijugatus Radikofer]. Deinbollia fulvo-tomentella Baker f. (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. Paullinia pinnata L. (Sapindaceae) (exotic) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast. Congdon & Bampton, 1996: 18; Kasye and Minziro Forests, Tanzania; subspecies neustetteri]. Phialodiscus species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 310]. Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon medon (Linnaeus, 1763) Papilio medon Linnaeus, Amoenitates Academicae 6: 402 ( ). 8

9 Euphaedra medon medon. Male (Wingspan 52 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Euphaedra medon medon. Female (Wingspan 65 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [West Africa]: in Indiis. [False locality.] Distribution: Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon. Ghana Ashantee (Butler, 1866); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin Noyau Central, Lama Forest (Fermon et al., 2001); Lokoli (Tchibozo et al., 2008). Nigeria Ikeja Airport, Lagos (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). janassa Linnaeus, 1764 (as sp. of Papilio). Museum Ludovicae Ulricae Reginae 294 (720 pp.). Holmiae. [West Africa]: in Indiis. [False locality.] agnes Butler, 1866 (as sp. of Romalaeosoma [sic]). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 672 ( ). Ghana: Ashantee. 9

10 Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon pholus (van der Hoeven, 1840) Aterica pholus van der Hoeven, Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedensis en Physiologie 7: 276 ( ). Type locality: Sierra Leone; Guinea. Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone. Note: Not included in the monograph of the genus by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 1-117). albula Thurau, 1904 (as var. of Euphaedra medon). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 307 ( ). Guinea. Given as a synonym of Euphaedra medon pholus (van der Hoeven, 1840) in Ackery et al., 1995: 410. Treated as a subspecies of Euphaedra medon by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 25 (1-117).). Regarded to be a synonym of Euphaedra medon pholus (van der Hoeven, 1840) in Larsen, 2005a: 414. Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon innotata Holland, 1920 Euphaedra medon var. innotata Holland, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 179 ( ). Synonym of Euphaedra medon neustetteri Niepelt, Ackery et al., 1995: 409. Euphaedra medon innotata Holland, Congdon & Collins, 1998: 50. stat. rev. Supplement to Kielland s butterflies of Tanzania 50 (143 pp.). Abri and Lambillionea). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Medje. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania (Kigoma and Mpanda). Gabon Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Medje (TL). Tanzania Wanzizi in Mpanda District, north to Gombe in Kigoma District (Kielland, 1990d). Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon fernanda Hecq, 1981 Euphaedra medon fernanda Hecq, Lambillionea 81: 35 (34-36). 10

11 Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). fernanda Fruhstorfer, 1903 (as ab. of Euphaedra medon). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 64: 359 ( ). Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon sanctanna Hecq, 1985 Euphaedra medon sanctanna Hecq, Lambillionea 85: 12 (7-15). Type locality: Gabon: St. Anne. Distribution: Gabon. Known only from the type locality. Gabon St. Anne (TL); Mpivie River (van de Weghe, 2010); Moukalaba Valley (van de Weghe, 2010). Note: This subspecies may be a synonym of viridinota (Butler, 1871) (Larsen, 2005a: 414). Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon celestis Hecq, 1986 Euphaedra medon celestis Hecq, Lambillionea 86: 39 (39-42). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Mayumbe, Ft de Kangu. Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (south). Gabon Pongara (van de Weghe, 2010); Mondah (van de Weghe, 2010); Safala (van de Weghe, 2010); Malibe (van de Weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (van de Weghe, 2010); Akaka (van de Weghe, 2010); Gamba (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo FT de Kangu (TL). Note: This subspecies may be a synonym of viridinota (Butler, 1871) (Larsen, 2005a: 414). Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon viridinota (Butler, 1871) Romaleosoma viridinota Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 82 (79-83). Type locality: Gabon: Gaboon. Distribution: Gabon, Central African Republic. Gabon - Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Note: Subspecies viridinota (Butler, 1871) may be a senior synonym of sanctanna Hecq, 1985 and celestis Hecq, 1986 (Larsen, 2005a: 414). Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon fraudata van Someren, 1935 Euphaedra medon ab. fraudata Thurau, Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 307 ( ). Uganda. Euphaedra medon fraudata van Someren, Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 64 (59-89). 11

12 Euphaedra medon fraudata Thurau, Larsen, 1991c: 310. Synonym of Euphaedra medon inaequabilis Thurau, Ackery et al., 1995: 409. Euphaedra medon fraudata van Someren, Congdon & Collins, 1998: 50 stat. rev. Euphaedra medon fraudata. Male (Wingspan 58 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 29 December P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Kenya: Kavirondo country. Distribution: Sudan, Uganda, Kenya (west). Uganda Kibale Forest (R. Schutte, unpublished, 2014). Kenya Kavirondo country (TL). Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon abouna Ungemach, 1932 Euphaedra inaequabilis abouna Ungemach, Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 55 (1-122). Type locality: Ethiopia: Youbdo. Distribution: Ethiopia (south-west). Ethiopia Youbdo (TL). Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon neustetteri Niepelt, 1915 Euphaedra medon neustetteri Niepelt, Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 58 (58). 12

13 Euphaedra medon neustetteri. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 60mm. Kolwezi/Kabule, Shaba Sud, S. Zaire [D.R.C.]. 6/80. Th. B. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kassaifluss, Kongostaat. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Cameroon Ikelemba (Gaede, 1916). Democratic Republic of Congo Kassai River (TL); Kamituga (Dufrane, 1945); Mount Kele (Dufrane, 1945); Kolwezi/Kabule (male illustrated above). Tanzania Kasye Forest (Congdon & Bampton, 1996); Minziro Forest (Congdon & Bampton, 1996). Zambia Mufulira (a single male captured by Heath. The forest at this locality was chopped down in 1979); Kalungwishi River (Neave, 1910) (Heath et al., 2002). interpreta Niepelt, 1915 (as f. of Euphaedra medon neustetteri). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 58 (58). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kassaifluss, Kongostaat. aequata Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra medon). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 ( , , ). Cameroon: Ikelemba am Sanga, Neu-Kamerun. hollandi Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Euphaedra medon innotata). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 105 (90-143). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kamituga. bipunctata Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Euphaedra medon innotata). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 105 (90-143). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kamituga, Mont Kélé, alt m.. alberici Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Euphaedra medon innotata). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 105 (90-143). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kamituga. Euphaedra (Medoniana) medon inaequabilis Thurau, 1904 Euphaedra losinga var. inaequabilis Thurau, Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 310 ( ). Type locality: Uganda. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya (west). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Note: Not included in the monograph of the genus by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 1-117); given as a senior synonym of E. medon fraudata van Someren in Ackery, et al., 1995:

14 peculiaris Lathy, 1906 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1906: 5 (1-10). Uganda: Entebbe. Given as a synonym of Euphaedra medon fraudata van Someren by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 26 (1-117).). Subgenus Gausapia Hecq, 1976 Lambillionea 76: 55 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Romalaesoma [sic] gausape Butler, by original designation. *Euphaedra (Gausapia) athena Hecq & Joly, 2003 Nigerian Striped Forester Euphaedra (Gausapia) athena Hecq & Joly, Lambillionea 103 (4): 658 ( ). Type locality: Nigeria: Okumo Nature Sanctuary. Distribution: Nigeria. Nigeria Okomu Nature Sanctuary (TL); Ikom (St Leger, 1989); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Dense forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Not uncommon but very shy, even when feeding from fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) gausape (Butler, 1866) Western Striped Forester Romaleosoma gausape Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 671 ( ). Euphaedra gausape. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Coldwater (top), Liberia. 13 January J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: West Africa. 14

15 Original description: Drawing of gausape in the original publication. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Recorded, in error, from Nigeria and from Senegal by Condamin (1964) (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: Forest. In Ghana only in primary forest but in Sierra Leone also in secondary forest (Owen & 15

16 Owen, 1973). Habits: Commoner in Sierra Leone and Liberia than in Ghana (Larsen, 2005a). This is a wary species, most often encountered while feeding from fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). similis Hecq, 2004 (as form of Euphaedra gausape). Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome I): 184 ( ). Ivory Coast:. *Euphaedra (Gausapia) judith Weymer, 1892 Judith s Striped Forester Euphaedra judith Weymer, Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 53: 88 (79-125). Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast (west). Recorded, probably in error, from Nigeria by St Leger (1989) (Larsen, 2005a). Guinea Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: An uncommon species (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) melpomene Hecq, 1981 Scarce Striped Forester Euphaedra melpomene Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 57 (54-60). Euphaedra judith melpomene Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 30. Euphaedra melpomene Hecq, Larsen, 2005a: 415). Type locality: Liberia. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast. Euphaedra (Gausapia) melpomene melpomene Hecq, 1981 Euphaedra melpomene Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 57 (54-60). Euphaedra judith melpomene Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 30. Euphaedra melpomene Hecq, Larsen, 2005a: 415). Type locality: Liberia. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia. Sierra Leone Guma Valley near Freetown (Larsen, 2005a). 16

17 Euphaedra (Gausapia) melpomene aubergeriana Hecq, 1981 Euphaedra judith aubergeriana Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 59 (54-60). Euphaedra melpomene aubergeriana Hecq, Larsen, 2005a: 415. Type locality: Ivory Coast: R.C.Iv. Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast (west). Specific localitiies: Guinea Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Tai N.P. (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) mariaechristinae Hecq & Joly, 2003 Marie-Christine s Striped Forester Euphaedra (Gausapia) mariaechristinae Hecq & Joly, Lambillionea 103 (4): 655 ( ). Type locality: Ghana: Kibi. Distribution: Ivory Coast (east), Ghana. Ghana Kibi, Atewa Range (TL). Habitat: Dense tropical rain forest (Hecq & Joly, 2003). Habits: An uncommon, wary species (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) plantroui Hecq, 1981 Plantrou s Forester Euphaedra plantroui Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 57 (54-60). Type locality: Ivory Coast: Côte d Ivoire, Danané. Distribution: Ivory Coast. Ivory Coast Danane (TL). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Known only from the (female) holotype, which is in a private collection (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) hastiri Hecq, 1981 Insipid Striped Forester Euphaedra hastiri Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 57 (54-60). Type locality: Guinea: Labé. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone. Habitat: Forest. Habits: May be quite common in Guinea-Bissau and along the coast of Guinea, but is scarce elsewhere (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a). 17

18 Euphaedra (Gausapia) hastiri hastiri Hecq, 1981 Euphaedra hastiri Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 57 (54-60). Type locality: Guinea: Labé. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea. Senegal Basse Casamance (Larsen, 2005a). Guinea Labe (TL); Mamou (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a); Fouta Djalon (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Gausapia) hastiri polymnie Hecq, 1981 Euphaedra hastiri polymnie Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 58 (54-60). Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Sierra Leone (west). Note: Larsen (2005a: 415) doubts that this is a valid species, regarding it to be a form. *Euphaedra (Gausapia) ombrophila Hecq, 1981 Euphaedra calliope ombrophila Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 56 (54-60). Male first described by van de Weghe, 2009b. Euphaedra ombrophila Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 31. Type locality: Congo: Ouesso. Distribution: Gabon, Congo (north). Gabon Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Congo Ouesso (TL). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) extensa Hecq, 1981 Pale Striped Forester Euphaedra extensa Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 59 (54-60). Synonym of Euphaedra vulnerata Schultze, Ackery et al., 1995: 416. Euphaedra extensa Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 31. Type locality: Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon. Cameroon Barombi Station (TL). Gabon Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Mboumie (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); 18

19 Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Kongou (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: In Nigeria this species is known from just two females that were collected by F. Davey (Larsen, 2005a). extensa Bartel, 1905 (as ab. of Euphaedra gausape). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 141 ( ). Cameroon: Kamerun (Barombi-Station). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) clio Hecq, 1981 Euphaedra clio Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 55 (54-60). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Eala. Distribution: Congo (south), Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo Eala (TL). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) calliope Hecq, 1981 Euphaedra calliope Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 56 (54-60). Type locality: Cameroon: Mbio. Distribution: Cameroon. Euphaedra (Gausapia) calliope calliope Hecq, 1981 Euphaedra calliope Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 56 (54-60). Type locality: Cameroon: Mbio. Distribution: Cameroon. Cameroon Mbio (TL). Euphaedra (Gausapia) calliope aurichalca Hecq, 2004 Euphaedra (Gausapia) calliope aurichalca Hecq, Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome I): 184 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon:. Distribution: Cameroon. 19

20 *Euphaedra (Gausapia) ducarmei Hecq, 1977 Euphaedra ducarmei Hecq, Lambillionea 77: 55 (51-56). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Béni. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north Kivu). Democratic Republic of Congo Beni (TL). Relevant literature: Hecq, 2003b [Notes]. *Euphaedra (Gausapia) landbecki Rothschild, 1918 Euphaedra gausape landbecki Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicae 25: 340 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Luebo, Kassai River. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Sankuru). Democratic Republic of Congo Luebo, Kassai River (TL). Relevant literature: Hecq & Cuypers, 2004 [Notes on distribution]. Hecq, 2003b [Notes]. *Euphaedra (Gausapia) thalie Hecq, 1981 Euphaedra thalie Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 56 (54-60). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Rungu (Uele). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele). Democratic Republic of Congo Rungu (TL). kainama Hecq, 2004 (as form of Euphaedra thalie). Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome I): 186 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo:. *Euphaedra (Gausapia) erici Hecq & Joly, 1987 Euphaedra morini erici Hecq & Joly, Lambillionea 87: 22 (21-23). Euphaedra morini erici Hecq & Joly, Ackery et al., 1995: 410. Euphaedra erici Hecq & Joly, Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 33 (1-117). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: lac Mai n Dombe, Kiri, île Bongeli. 20

21 Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Known from the type locality and neighbouring regions. Democratic Republic of Congo Lake Mai, Bongeli (TL). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) zaddachii Dewitz, 1879 Zaddach s Mimic Forester Euphaedra zaddachii Dewitz, Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicum Naturae Curiosorum 4 (2): 199 ( ). Type locality: [Angola]: Guinea. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013). Habitat: Forest, including riparian forest, and heavy woodland (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania subspecies crawshayi occurs from 250 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: This species is scarce in the western part of its range (Larsen, 2005a). It is a mimic of certain dayflying moths. Three different lineages in the genus Euphaedra (subgenera Gausapia, Radia and Euphaedrana) have evolved this mimetic pattern (Larsen, 2005a). This mimicry complex is discussed in some detail by Guillaumin (1976, 1977). Larval food: Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. (Chrysobalanaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 69; subspecies crawshayi]. Euphaedra (Gausapia) zaddachii zaddachii Dewitz, 1879 Euphaedra zaddachii Dewitz, Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicum Naturae Curiosorum 4 (2): 199 ( ). Type locality: [Angola]: Guinea. Distribution: Cameroon (south), Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo. Gabon Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 21

22 2010). Euphaedra (Gausapia) zaddachi crawshayi Butler, 1895 Euphaedra crawshayi Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895: 628 ( ). Euphaedra zaddachii crawshayi Butler, Hecq, 1997: 33. Euphaedra zaddachi crawshayi. Male (Wingspan 66 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 13 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Euphaedra zaddachi crawshayi. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 82mm. South Mutundu River, Mufulira, Zambia ft. 29-V M.A. Newport (Newport Collection). Type locality: [Malawi]: Lumpi River, Nyika, west of Lake Nyasa. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Uganda (western shore of Lake Victoria), Rwanda (south-east), Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia (north), Mozambique (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Tanzania Gombe to Tukuyu (Kielland, 1990d); Masagati Forest south of Ifakara to the Usambaras (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi Lumpi River, Nyika (TL). Zambia Kasangezhi (Heath et al., 2002); Kamapanda (Heath et al., 2002); Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Kitwe (Heath et al., 2002); Chilungoma (Heath et al., 2002); Kasama (Heath et al., 2002); lower 22

23 Chambeshi Valley (Heath et al., 2002); Mafinga Mountains (Heath et al., 2002); Ndola (male illustrated above); South Mutundu River, Mufulira (female illustrated above). Mozambique Mt Yao [ ] (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013). Euphaedra (Gausapia) zaddachii elephantina Staudinger, 1891 Euphaedra elephantina Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 130 (61-157). Type locality: Cameroon: Barombi-Station, im Hinterlande von Kamerun am Elephantensee. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon (west), Congo (north), Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Moyen Congo). Nigeria Mambilla Plateau (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Gashaka-Gumpti (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Barombi Station (TL); Korup (Lees, 1989). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) mbamou Hecq, 1987 Euphaedra morini mbamou Hecq, Lambillionea 87: 3 (3-4). Euphaedra morini mbamou Hecq, Ackery et al., 1995: 410. Euphaedra mbamou Hecq, Hecq, Type locality: Congo RPC. Ile M Bamou. Distribution: Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Bas-Zaire). Congo M Bamou Island (TL). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) morini Hecq, 1983 Euphaedra morini Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 14 (13-14). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: (Shaba) Kafakumba. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Angola? Democratic Republic of Congo Kafakumba (TL); Mbata-Siala (Hecq & Cuypers, 2004). Relevant literature: Hecq & Cuypers, 2004 [Notes on distribution]. *Euphaedra (Gausapia) barnsi Joicey & Talbot, 1922 Euphaedra christyi barnsi Joicey & Talbot, Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 341 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Upper Lowa Valley, W. of Masisi, W. Kivu region, 4,500-5,000 feet. 23

24 Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu), Rwanda. Democratic Republic of Congo Upper Lowa Valley, west of Masisi (TL). Early stages: Thiry, *Euphaedra (Gausapia) christyi Sharpe, 1904 Christy s Forester Euphaedra christyi. Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, Image courtesy Raimund Schutte. Euphaedra christyi Sharpe, Entomologist 37: 183 ( ). Type locality: [Uganda]: Toro. Distribution: Uganda (west). Uganda Toro (TL); Kalinzu Forest; Kibale Forest; Kayonza Forest; Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). *Euphaedra (Gausapia) pallas Hecq, 2004 Euphaedra (Gausapia) pallas Hecq, Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome I): 186 ( ). Type locality: Guinea: Mamou. Described from a single female. Distribution: Guinea. Guinea Mamou (TL). Note: Larsen (2005a: 414) does not believe that this taxon is distinct from Euphaedra gausape. 24

25 *Euphaedra (Gausapia) vingerhoedti Faravel, 2012 Euphaedra (Gausapia) vingerhoedti Hecq, Entomologia Africana 17 (1): 34 (34-36). Type locality: Congo Republic:?. Distribution: Congo Republic. Congo Republic? (TL). Subgenus Xypetana Hecq, 1976 Lambillionea 76: 56 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Romalaesoma [sic] xypete Hewitson, by original designation. Relevant literature: Hecq, 2005c [Notes on the subgenus]. *Euphaedra (Xypetana) jacqueshecqui Bollino, 1998 Euphaedra jacqueshecqui Bollino, Lambillionea 98 (4) (Tome III): 651 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Zaire, Equateur, Bondo, 1 26' S, 17 23' E, octobrenovembre 1996, legit Luafa-Bomo, coll. M. Bollino (Lecce). Holotype in author s collection? Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur). Euphaedra (Xypetana) jacqueshecqui jacqueshecqui Bollino, 1998 Euphaedra jacqueshecqui Bollino, Lambillionea 98 (4) (Tome III): 651 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Zaire, Equateur, Bondo, 1 26' S, 17 23' E, octobrenovembre 1996, legit Luafa-Bomo, coll. M. Bollino (Lecce). Holotype in author s collection? Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur). Democratic Republic of Congo Bondo (TL). Euphaedra (Xypetana) jacqueshecqui koumbai Oremans, 2010 Euphaedra jacqueshecqui koumbai Oremans, Saturnafrica 6: 34 (33-37). Type locality: Gabon:. 25

26 Distribution: Gabon. Gabon Kongou (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) mondahensis van de Weghe, Oremans & Hecq, 2005 Euphaedra (Xypetana) mondahensis van de Weghe, Oremans & Hecq, Lambillionea 105 (2) (Tome I): 263 ( ). Type locality: Gabon:. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Gabon Mondah forest, Malibe (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) xypete (Hewitson, 1865) Common Pink Forester Romalaeosoma [sic] xypete Hewitson, 1865 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 36 (124 pp.). London. Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon (west), Gabon, Central African Republic (Noss, 1998). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Cameroon Nlohe (Strand, 1912); Diebo (Strand, 1912). Gabon Kangwe (van de Weghe, 2010); Alen Nkoma (van de Weghe, 2010). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Habitat: Forest, including somewhat degraded forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is one of the commonest species of the genus (Larsen, 2005a). Courtship behaviour in this species is described by Larsen (2005a). A male has been noted imbibing homopteran honeydew on the forest floor (Larsen, 2005a). bombeana Strand, 1912 (as ab. of Euphaedra xypete). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 77 (1.4. Supplementhefte): 116 ( ). Cameroon: Nlohe; Diebo. D Abrera (1980) raised bombeana to species rank ( Nigeria to Ituri Forest in north-eastern Zaire.). However, both the male and female he depicted pertain to Euphaedra maxima Holland, 1920 (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni Hecq, 1974 Hewitson s Pink Forester Euphaedra hewitsoni Hecq, Lambillionea 74: 76 (73-78). Type locality: Cameroon: Mt Kala, 20 km de Yaounde. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. 26

27 Habitat: Wet forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: May be very common in the Oban Hills (Nigeria) and Korup (Cameroon) (Larsen, 2005a). Larsen (2005a) gives detailed observations of a male courting females of Bebearia laetitia and Euphaedra medon. Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni hewitsoni Hecq, 1974 Euphaedra hewitsoni Hecq, Lambillionea 74: 76 (73-78). Type locality: Cameroon: Mt Kala, 20 km de Yaounde. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. Cameroon Mount Kala, 20 km from Yaounde (TL). Gabon Throughout forested areas (van de Weghe, 2010). Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni sumptuosa Hecq, 1974 Euphaedra hewitsoni sumptuosa Hecq, Lambillionea 74: 78 (73-78). Type locality: Nigeria. Distribution: Nigeria (south), Cameroon (west). Nigeria Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Sapoba (Larsen, 2005a); Ilesha (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni disclara Hecq, 1991 Euphaedra hewitsoni disclara Hecq, Lambillionea 91 (3): 197 ( ). Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni bipuncta Hecq, 1974 Euphaedra hewitsoni bipuncta Hecq, Lambillionea 74: 78 (73-78). Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Central African Republic (south), Democratic Republic of Congo (west and central). Euphaedra (Xypetana) hewitsoni angusta Hecq, 1974 Euphaedra hewitsoni angusta Hecq, Lambillionea 74: 78 (73-78). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north and east), Uganda. 27

28 Recorded, in error, from the Kabras Forest, Kenya by Hecq, This was probably a mislabeled specimen (Larsen, 1991c). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) hebes Hecq, 1980 Hebes Pink Forester Euphaedra hebes Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 21 (21-24). Type locality: Ghana. Distribution: Guinea (north-east), Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon. Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Lope N.P. (Oremans, 1995); Kangwe (Lambarene) (van de Weghe, 2010). Habitat: Wetter forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A fairly scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) acuta Hecq, 1977 Acute Pink Forester Euphaedra acuta Hecq, Lambillionea 77: 52 (51-56). Euphaedra acuta. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Coldwater (top), Liberia. 13 January J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Nigeria: Calabar, Aningete. Distribution: Nigeria (south-east), Cameroon (west), Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi). Hecq (1977) figures a male from Ghana, but this locality must be an error (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria Calabar, Aningete in the Oban Hills (TL). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a scarce butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). 28

29 *Euphaedra (Xypetana) oremansi Hecq, 1996 Euphaedra oremansi Hecq, Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 126 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Zaïre, région de Lukolela, 30.XI.1991 (Ph. Oremans). Place of deposition of holotype not noted. First description of female by Oremans, 2000 (Lambillionea 100 (1) (Tome 2): 134 ( )). Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Gabon Rabi (van de Weghe, 2010); Crystal Mountains (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Lukolela region (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) maxima Holland, 1920 Euphaedra xypete var. maxima Holland, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 178 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Medje. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998; probably in error as bombeana). Democratic Republic of Congo Medje (TL). flava Dufrane, 1933 (as ab. of Euphaedra xypete). Lambillionea 33: 165 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Congo Belge. *Euphaedra (Xypetana) dargei Hecq, 1975 Euphaedra dargei Hecq, Lambillionea 75: 51 (51-53). Type locality: Cameroon: Bitje, ja River, 2,000 ft. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Cameroon Bitje, Ja River (TL). Gabon Crystal Mountains (van de Weghe, 2010); Ivindo (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) brevis Hecq,

30 Euphaedra brevis Hecq, Lambillionea 77: 51 (51-56). Type locality: Cameroon: S-O Cameroun, riv. Ntem. Distribution: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Cameroon Ntem River (TL). Gabon Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) herberti (Sharpe, 1891) Romaleosoma herberti Sharpe, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 131 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Bangala. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia. Euphaedra (Xypetana) herberti herberti (Sharpe, 1891) Romaleosoma herberti Sharpe, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 131 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Bangala. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (except Shaba). Gabon Camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Bangala (TL); Quango (Karsch, 1895). acrozaleuca Karsch, 1895 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 279 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Quango. bacchabunda Hecq, 1996 (as f. of Euphaedra herberti herberti). Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 126 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur). Euphaedra (Xypetana) herberti katanga Hecq, 1980 Euphaedra heberti [sic] katanga Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 23 (21-24). 30

31 Euphaedra herberti katanga. Male A. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 78mm. Isombo, Ikelenge, Zambia. 27 March, (Gardiner Collection). Euphaedra herberti katanga. Male B. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 71mm. Isombo, Ikelenge, Zambia. 6-9 May, A. Heath. (Gardiner Collection). Euphaedra herberti katanga. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 84mm. Zambezi rapids, Ikelenge, Zambia. 28.XII A.J. Gardiner. (Gardiner Collection). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Shaba. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Zambia. Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Isombo, Ikelenge (males A and B illustrated above); Zambezi rapids (female illustrated above). 31

32 *Euphaedra (Xypetana) graueri Rothschild, 1918 Euphaedra graueri Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicae 25: 339 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Forest 90 km. west of Lake Albert Edward. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east). Democratic Republic of Congo 90 km west of Lake Albert Edward (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) ubangi Hecq, 1974 Euphaedra ubangi Hecq, Lambillionea 74: 44 (40-44). Euphaedra ubangui Hecq, Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 42 (1-117).). Misspelling of species name. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Ubangi, Katakoli. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Mongala). Known only from the holotype. Democratic Republic of Congo Katakoli (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) acutoides Hecq, 1996 Euphaedra acutoides Hecq, Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 127 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Zaïre, Cuvette centrale, Mbandaka II.1993 (P. Oremans). Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. First description of female by Oremans, 2000 (Lambillionea 100 (1) (Tome 2): 135 ( )). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo Cuvette centrale, Mbandaka (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) karschi Bartel, 1905 Euphaedra karschi Bartel, Novitates Zoologicae 12: 141 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: N.W.-Kamerun (Ikassa a. Ndian). Distribution: Cameroon. Cameroon Ikassa a. Ndian (TL). 32

33 *Euphaedra (Xypetana) sankuruensis Hecq, 1980 Euphaedra karschi sankuruensis Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 23 (21-24). Euphaedra sankuruensis Hecq, Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (2): 123 ( ). Stat. rev. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Sankuru. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central and south). Democratic Republic of Congo Sankuru (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) lata Hecq, 1980 Euphaedra lata Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 23 (21-24). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Eala. Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (except south-east). Gabon Camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Eala (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) grandis Hecq, 1980 Euphaedra grandis Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 24 (21-24). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Shaba. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Democratic Republic of Congo Shaba (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) pervaga Hecq, 1996 Cameroon Pink Forester Euphaedra pervaga Hecq, Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 127 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroun, env. de Mbalmayo, 1994 (D. Bernaud). Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Cameroon Mbalmayo (TL); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Crystal Mountains (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010). 33

34 Habitat: Forest. Habits: This species was described from a single female. Larsen (2005a) captured half a dozen males in a localized area of Korup National Park in January, These appear to be the only captured specimens, so presumably this is a very rare species (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) sinuosa Hecq, 1974 Euphaedra sinuosa Hecq, Lambillionea 72/3: 87 (83-89). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu-Nord, Béni. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Euphaedra (Xypetana) sinuosa sinuosa Hecq, 1974 Euphaedra sinuosa Hecq, Lambillionea 72/3: 87 (83-89). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu-Nord, Béni. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east Uele, north Kivu). Democratic Republic of Congo Beni (TL). Euphaedra (Xypetana) sinuosa plagiaria Hecq, 1980 Euphaedra plagiaria Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 22 (21-24). Euphaedra plagiaria Hecq, Ackery et al., 1995: 412. Euphaedra sinuosa plagiaria Hecq, Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 44 (1-117).). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Stanleyville. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Tshopo). Democratic Republic of Congo Stanleyville (TL). Euphaedra (Xypetana) sinuosa smitsi Hecq, 1991 Euphaedra plagiaria smitsi Hecq, Lambillionea 91 (3): 196 ( ). Euphaedra plagiaria smitsi Hecq, Ackery et al., 1995: 412. Euphaedra sinuosa smitsi Hecq, Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 44 (1-117).). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kasaï, Bukonde. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai). Democratic Republic of Congo Bukonde, Kasai (TL). 34

35 *Euphaedra (Xypetana) diffusa Gaede, 1916 Unmarked Pink Forester Euphaedra xypete var. diffusa Gaede, Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 ( , , ). Synonym of Euphaedra hollandi Hecq, Ackery et al., Euphaedra diffusa Gaede, Larsen, 2005a: 418. Type locality: Cameroon: Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania. Habitat: Dense forest. In Tanzania at altitudes from 800 to m (Kielland, 1990d; as Euphaedra hollandi). Drier forest, mostly (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This species may be locally plentiful (Larsen, 2005a). Specimens are most often found in the vicinity of shady streams and are attracted to fallen fruit (Kielland, 1990d; as Euphaedra hollandi). Note: Validated as a good species by Oremans, 2008f. Euphaedra (Xypetana) diffusa diffusa Gaede, 1916 Euphaedra xypete var. diffusa Gaede, Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 ( , , ). Synonym of Euphaedra hollandi Hecq, Ackery et al., Euphaedra diffusa Gaede, Larsen, 2005a: 418. Type locality: Cameroon: Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon (west), Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania (west). Cameroon Dengdeng (TL). Gabon Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Medje (Holland, 1920); Uele (Hecq, 1974). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996; as E. hollandi). Tanzania Kemfu Forest near Helembe (destroyed) (Kielland, 1990d; as Euphaedra hollandi); Kasye Forest (Kielland, 1990d; as Euphaedra hollandi); Mihumu (Kielland, 1990d; as Euphaedra hollandi). cyanea Holland, 1920 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 178 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Medje. [male only.]. Larsen (2005a: 418) considers that this taxon is possibly a junior synonym of Euphaedra diffusa Gaede, hollandi Hecq, 1974 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Lambillionea 72/3: 88 (83-89). Democratic Republic of Congo: Uele. Synonymized with Euphaedra diffusa Gaede, 1916 by Oremans, 2008f. Euphaedra (Xypetana) diffusa albocoerulea Hecq, 1976 Euphaedra hollandi albocoerulea Hecq, Lambillionea 76: 6 (3-9). Euphaedra albocoerulea Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 45. Euphaedra diffusa albocoerulea Hecq, Larsen, 2005a: 418. Type locality: Sierra Leone. 35

36 Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria (west). Ivory Coast Tai National Park (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). albocoerulea Rothschild, 1918 (as f. of Euphaedra xypete). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 339 ( ). No locality given. *Euphaedra (Xypetana) mirabilis Hecq, 1980 Euphaedra mirabilis Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 28 (24-28). Type locality: Cameroon/Democratic Republic of Congo: Du Cameroun au Zaire. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Euphaedra (Xypetana) mirabilis mirabilis Hecq, 1980 Euphaedra mirabilis Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 28 (24-28). Type locality: Cameroon/Democratic Republic of Congo: Du Cameroun au Zaire. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Cameroon Barombi Station (Bartel, 1905). Gabon Gamba (van de Weghe, 2010); Mayumba (van de Weghe, 2010); Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Mpassa (van de Weghe, 2010). mirabilis Bartel, 1905 (as ab. of Euphaedra xypete). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 142 ( ). Cameroon: Kamerun (Barombi-Station). Euphaedra (Xypetana) mirabilis lurida Hecq, 1997 Euphaedra mirabilis lurida Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 46 (1-117). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Euphaedra (Xypetana) mirabilis nubila Hecq, 1986 Euphaedra mirabilis nubila Hecq, Lambillionea 86: 40 (39-42). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Uele, Paulis. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Kivu). Democratic Republic of Congo Paulis, Uele (TL). 36

37 *Euphaedra (Xypetana) ansorgei Rothschild, 1918 Euphaedra xypete ansorgei Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicae 25: 339 ( ). Type locality: Gabon: Lake Asebbe, Fernan-Vas, Gaboon ; [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kassai River, Congo Free State. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Recorded, in error, from Kenya by Berger, 1981 (Larsen, 1991c) and Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Ikelemba (Gaede, 1916). Gabon Lake Asebbe, Fernan-Vas (TL); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Kassai River (Rothschild, 1918). themidoides Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra xypete). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 ( , , ). Cameroon: Ikelemba am Sanga, Neu-Kamerun. violanitens Hecq, 2008 (as sp. Euphaedra). Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 106 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo:?. Synonymized with Euphaedra ansorgei Rothschild, 1918 by Oremans, 2008f. *Euphaedra (Xypetana) crockeri (Butler, 1869) Crocker s Forester Romalaeosoma [sic] crockeri Butler, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 3: 20 (17-21). Type locality: Ghana: Ashanti. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Recorded, in error, from Togo, Nigeria (Cornes et al., 1973) and Congo (Bampton et al., 1991) (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Wetter forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A reasonably common, but localized, butterfly. Males often perch on forest paths in shafts of sunshine and, early in the morning, may bask while perched on leaves in the sunshine (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Xypetana) crockeri crockeri (Butler, 1869) Romalaeosoma [sic] crockeri Butler, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 3: 20 (17-21). Type locality: Ghana: Ashanti. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana. Ghana Ashanti (TL). Euphaedra (Xypetana) crockeri umbratilis Hecq,

38 Euphaedra crockeri umbratilis Hecq, Lambillionea 87: 8 (8). Type locality: Ivory Coast: RCI, Danane. Distribution: Ivory Coast. Ivory Coast Danane (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) crossei Sharpe, 1902 Crosse s Forester Euphaedra crossei Sharpe, Entomologist 35: 68 (65-68, ). Type locality: Nigeria: Mozum, Benue River. Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria. Habitat: Forest, often quite open, at the forest-guinea savanna boundary (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Xypetana) crossei crossei Sharpe, 1902 Euphaedra crossei Sharpe, Entomologist 35: 68 (65-68, ). Type locality: Nigeria: Mozum, Benue River. Distribution: Nigeria (east). Nigeria Benue River Mozum (TL), Anambra Creek (Lathy, 1903); Nsukka (Larsen, 2005a); Obudu Town (Larsen, 2005a). aureofasciata Lathy, 1903 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1903: 191 ( ). Nigeria: Anambara Creek. Euphaedra (Xypetana) crossei akani Hecq & Joly, 2004 Euphaedra crossei akani Hecq & Joly, Lambillionea 104 (1): 60 (59-61). Type locality: Ghana:. Distribution: Ghana (north). Ghana Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Kintampo (E. Joly, vide Larsen, 2005a) General remarks: Typically a very localised rivernine forest butterfly (Hecq and Joly, 2004). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) caerulescens Grose-Smith, 1890 Euphaedra caerulescens Grose-Smith, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890: 469 ( ). Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Ethiopia?. 38

39 Euphaedra (Xypetana) caerulescens caerulescens Grose-Smith, 1890 Euphaedra caerulescens Grose-Smith, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890: 469 ( ). Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Central African Republic (south), Democratic Republic of Congo (north), Uganda (west). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Euphaedra (Xypetana) caerulescens submarginalis Hecq, 1997 Euphaedra caerulescens submarginalis Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 47 (1-117). Type locality: Ethiopia? Distribution: Ethiopia? Euphaedra (Xypetana) caerulescens caliginosa Hecq, 2004 Euphaedra (Xypetana) caerulescens caliginosa Hecq, Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome II): 245 ( ). Type locality: Central African Republic:. Distribution: Central African Republic. *Euphaedra (Xypetana) cuprea Hecq, 1980 Euphaedra cuprea Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 22 (21-24). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Eala. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Euphaedra (Xypetana) cuprea cuprea Hecq, 1980 Euphaedra cuprea Hecq, Lambillionea 80: 22 (21-24). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Eala. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur, Sankuru). Democratic Republic of Congo Eala (TL). Euphaedra (Xypetana) cuprea irangi Oremans,

40 Euphaedra cuprea irangi Oremans, Entomologia Africana 5 (2): 31 (30-32). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: South Kivu, Irangi. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (South Kivu). Democratic Republic of Congo Irangi (TL). smaragdula Hecq, 2004 (as ssp. of Euphaedra cuprea). Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome II): 244 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo:?. Synonymized with Euphaedra cuprea irangi Oremans, 2000 by Oremans, 2008f. *Euphaedra (Xypetana) irangi Hecq, 2004 Euphaedra (Xypetana) irangi Hecq, Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome II): 245 ( ). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo:. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Note: Is this a newly described species or has Hecq merely raised Euphaedra cuprea irangi Oremans, 2000 to species level? (MCW). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) romboutsi Hecq, 2004 Euphaedra (Xypetana) romboutsi Hecq, Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome II): 244 ( ). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo:. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. *Euphaedra (Xypetana) camiadei Hecq, 2004 Euphaedra (Xypetana) camiadei Hecq, Entomologia Africana 9 (2): 14 (13-15). Type locality: Central African Republic. Distribution: Central African Republic. *Euphaedra (Xypetana) decora Hecq, 2008 Euphaedra (Xypetana) decora Hecq, Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 106 ( ). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo:. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. 40

41 *Euphaedra (Xypetana) discreta Hecq, 2008 Euphaedra (Xypetana) discreta Hecq, Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 107 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon:. Distribution: Cameroon. *Euphaedra (Xypetana) moloundou Hecq, 2008 Euphaedra (Xypetana) moloundou Hecq, Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 107 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon:. Distribution: Cameroon. *Euphaedra (Xypetana) semlikiana Hecq, 2008 Euphaedra (Xypetana) semlikiana Hecq, Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 107 ( ). Cited, by the author, as either a new species or a form. Type locality:? Distribution:? *Euphaedra (Xypetana) larseni Hecq, 2005 Euphaedra larseni Hecq, Lambillionea 105 (2): 232 (232). Type locality: Nigeria: Ebonganaku, XI.1995 Larsen n 26. >MRAC Tervuren (Bruxelles). Described from a single female. Distribution: Nigeria. Nigeria Ebonganaku (TL). Habitat: Nothing published. *Euphaedra (Xypetana) cyanissima Hecq,

42 Euphaedra cyanissima Hecq, Lambillionea 112: 205 ( ). Type locality: Central African Republic:. Distribution: Central African Republic. Central African Republic (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) hoyensis Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra hoyensis Hecq, Lambillionea 112: 207 ( ). Type locality: Central African Republic:. Distribution: Central African Republic. Central African Republic (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) luteola Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra luteola Hecq, Lambillionea 112: 207 ( ). Type locality: Nigeria:. Distribution: Nigeria. Nigeria (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) marginepunctata Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra marginepunctata Hecq, Lambillionea 112: 208 ( ). Type locality: Uganda:. Distribution: Uganda. Uganda (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) montanica Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra montanica Hecq, Lambillionea 112: 208 ( ). Type locality: Burundi:. Distribution: Burundi. 42

43 Burundi (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) sectilis Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra sectilis Hecq, Lambillionea 112: 208 ( ). Type locality: Tanzania:. Distribution: Tanzania. Tanzania (TL). *Euphaedra (Xypetana) umbratilis Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra umbratilis Hecq, Lambillionea 112: 208 ( ). Type locality: Nigeria:. Distribution: Nigeria. Nigeria (TL). Subgenus Radia Hecq, 1976 Lambillionea 76: 56 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Euryphene eusemoides Grose-Smith & Kirby, by original designation. *Euphaedra (Radia) eusemoides (Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1889) Western Mimic Forester Euryphene eusemoides Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1889 in Grose-Smith & Kirby, Rhopalocera exotica, being illustrations of new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies 1: 1 (183 pp.). London. Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Guinea Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone near Freetown (S. Collins, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Atewa Range (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a) Habitat: Wet forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A localized and rare species, which is also very wary. Individuals come to fallen fruit (Larsen, 43

44 2005a). It is an excellent mimic of certain day-flying agaristid and lasiocampid moths, even matching the slow flight of the models (Larsen, 2005a). coeruleopunctata Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra eusemioides [sic?]). Zeitschrift 9: 111 ( , , ). Ghana: Goldküste. Internationale Entomologische *Euphaedra (Radia) imitans Holland, 1893 Equatorial Mimic Forester Euphaedra imitans Holland, Canadian Entomologist 25: 3 (1-3). Type locality: Gabon: Talaguga, Upper Valley of Ogové. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west). Nigeria northern part of the Oban Hills, halfway between Mkpot 1 and Itaka (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Lomie (Gaede, 1916). Gabon Talaguga (TL); Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Habitat: Forest. interjecta Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra imitans). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 111 ( , , ). Cameroon: Lomie, Kamerun. Subgenus Euphaedra Hübner, 1819 In: Hübner, [1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge 39 ( pp.). Augsburg. Type-species: Papilio cyparissa Cramer, by subsequent designation (Scudder, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 172 (91-293).). *Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa (Cramer, 1775) True Forester Papilio cyparissa Cramer, 1775 in Cramer, [1775-6]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerrelddeelen Asia, Africa en America 1: 63 (155 pp.). Amsteldam and Utrecht. Type locality: Sierra Leone: Sierra Leon. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Drier forests and open wet forest or the edges of wet forest (Larsen, 2005a). It is also found in small forest fragments and in riverine forest in Guinea savanna (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common species that readily comes to feed on fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes 44

45 often fly high up, which is unusual for the genus, and they often perch from three to 15 metres above the ground (Schultze, 1920; Larsen, 2005a). Males hilltop, selecting perches on leaves 6 to 15 m above the ground; from these perches they drive conspecifics away from their territory (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Territorial behaviour has been observed to occur between 14h00 and 15h00 (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa cyparissa (Cramer, [1775]) Papilio cyparissa Cramer, 1775 in Cramer, [1775-6]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerrelddeelen Asia, Africa en America 1: 63 (155 pp.). Amsteldam and Utrecht. Euphaedra cyparissa cyparissa (Cramer, 1775). Pyrcz et al. 2013: 4. Redescription. Type locality: Sierra Leone: Sierra Leon. Distribution: Guinea (south-east), Sierra Leone, Liberia. Guinea Nimba Mountains (Larsen, 2005a); Diecke (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Sierra Leone Guma (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Liberia Mount Swa (Pyrcz et al., 2013). cato Fabricius, 1787 (as sp. of Papilio). Mantissa Insectorum 2: 12 (382 pp.). Hafniae. No locality given. Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa aurantina Pyrcz & Oremans, 2013 Euphaedra cyparissa aurantina Pyrcz & Oremans, ZooKeys 298: 9 (1-37). Type locality: Ghana: N. Awasso, Bibiani, Western Region, m, 02.VI Holotype male in the MZUJ, Poland. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana. Ivory Coast Abengourou (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Banco (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Ft de Dassioko (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Foret d Azagny (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Ghana Bibiani (TL); Ankasa (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Bia (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Bonkro (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Cape 3 Points (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Kibi (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Mate (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Mpasaso (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Nkwakwa (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Sagamae (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Tano Ofin (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Amanfrom Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Atewa Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa aurata Carpenter, 1895 Euphaedra cyparissa var. aurata Carpenter, Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society 8: 305 ( ). Euphaedra cyparissa aurata Carpenter, Pyrcz et al. 2013: 14. Redescription. Type locality: Nigeria: Lokoja. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon. Distribution according to Pyrcz et al., Nigeria Lokoja (Rothschild, 1918); near Obudu Town (Larsen, 2005a); Butatong, Calabar (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Lagos (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Mamu Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Okrasa, Calabar (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Old Ekuri, Calabar (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Olokomeji (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Isheri (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Oban (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Anambra Forest Reserve (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Nsukka (Pyrcz et 45

46 al., 2013). Cameroon Ebogo (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Gabon Camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Mondah (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa nimbina Pyrcz & Warren-Gash, 2013 Euphaedra cyparissa nimbina Pyrcz & Warren-Gash, ZooKeys 298: 7 (1-37). Type locality: Guinea: Mount Nimba. Holotype male in ABRI, Nairobi. Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast. Guinea Mount Nimba (TL); Labe, Fouta Djalon (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Seredou (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Ivory Coast Mount Nimba (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa nominalina Pyrcz & Knoop, 2013 Euphaedra cyparissa nominalina Pyrcz & Knoop, ZooKeys 298: 15 (1-37). Type locality: Central African Republic: Mongoumba, VII Holotype male in ABRI, Nairobi. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Cameroon Moloundou (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Central African Republic Mongoumba (TL); Bangui (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Bomoloto (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Democratic Republic of Congo Leubo, Kassai River (Rothschild, 1918). aureola Rothschild, 1918 (as ssp. of Euphaedra cyparissa). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 340 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Leubo, Kassai River; Congo Free State. Invalid; junior primary homonym of Euphaedra aureola Kirby, 1889 (Nymphalidae). Euphaedra (Euphaedra) cyparissa tai Hecq, 1986 Euphaedra cyparissa tai Hecq, Lambillionea 86: 42 (39-42). Euphaedra cyparissa tai Hecq, Pyrcz et al. 2013: 6. Redescription. Type locality: Ivory Coast: R.C. Iv. Forêt de Tai. Distribution: Ivory Coast. Known from the type locality only. Populations from other parts of Ivory Coast and from Ghana belong to other subspecies (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Ivory Coast Tai National Park (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera (Butler, 1871) Large True Forester Romaleosoma sarcoptera Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 81 (79-83). Type locality: Ghana: Gold Coast. Distribution: Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania. 46

47 Habitat: Lowland forest. In Tanzania subspecies nipponicorum occurs from 900 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: The species is quite scarce in West Africa (Larsen, 2005a). The flight is fast and, unlike most species in the genus, it often settles on foliage in the sunlight, often high up. When disturbed it will usually fly upwards, perching high up with closed wings (Kielland, 1990d). It seems to be a co-mimic of Charaxes fournierae jolybouyeri (Larsen, 2005a). Males hilltop, selecting perches on leaves 6 to 15 m above the ground; from these perches they drive conspecifics away from their territory (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Territorial behaviour has been observed to occur between 14h00 and 15h00 (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Larval food: Dennettia tripetala Baker f. (Annonaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast]. Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera sarcoptera (Butler, 1871) Romaleosoma sarcoptera Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 81 (79-83). Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera (Butler, 1871). Pyrcz et al. 2013: 17. Redescription. Type locality: Ghana: Gold Coast. Distribution: Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon (north Pyrcz et al., 2013). Guinea Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a; single record); Diecke Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Liberia Mount Swa (Pyrcz et al., 2013) Ivory Coast Alepe (Larsen, 2005a); Lamto (Larsen, 2005a); Banco National Park (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Teapleu (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Ghana Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Bia (Larsen, 2005a); Kumasi (Larsen, 2005a); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Bibiani, N. Awaso (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Oda Big Tree (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Amanfrom Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Kibi, Atewa Mountains (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Nigeria Niger Delta area (Larsen, 2005a); Nsukka (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Ewohimi (Pyrcz et al., 2013) (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Sapoba (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Cameroon Douala (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Ebogo (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera cyparissoides Hecq, 1979 Euphaedra sarcoptera cyparissoides Hecq, Lambillionea 79: 31 (31-32). Euphaedra sarcoptera cyparissoides Hecq, Pyrcz et al. 2013: 23. Redescription. Type locality: Congo: Ketta Forest, Ouesso. Distribution: Cameroon (south), Congo. Cameroon Mintom (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Congo Ketta Forest, Ouesso (TL). Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera ferrea Pyrcz & Warren-Gash, 2013 Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Pyrcz & Warren-Gash, ZooKeys 298: 20 (1-37). Type locality: Guinea: Mount Nimba, VI.1998 ex HWG. Holotype male in MZUJ, Poland. 47

48 Distribution: Guinea. Guinea Mount Nimba (TL). Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera nipponicorum (Carcasson, 1965) Najas sarcoptera nipponicorum Carcasson, Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum 25: 132 ( ). Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum (Carcasson, 1965). Pyrcz et al. 2013: 27. Redescription. Type locality: Tanzania: Ititye Camp, Mihuno, 25 miles east of Kigoma, Western Province, Tanzania. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania (north-west). Erroneously recorded from Gabon by Vande Weghe (2010), according to Pyrcz et al., Central African Republic Bangui (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Bomoloto (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Lukulela (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Democratic Republic of Congo Mbandaka (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Sandoa (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Kafakumba (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Kinda (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Kondue (Pyrcz et al., 2013); Tshilolo (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Tanzania Ititye Camp, Mihuno, 25 miles east of Kigoma (TL); Mihumu (Kielland, 1990d); Kemfu (Kielland, 1990d); Kapalamsembe River (Kielland, 1990d); Mugondozi River (Kielland, 1990d); upper reaches of Lugungwizi River (Kielland, 1990d); Kasye Forest (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Euphaedra (Euphaedra) sarcoptera styx Larsen & Warren-Gash, 2003 Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Larsen & Warren-Gash, Metamorphosis 14 (3): 97 (63-110). Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Larsen & Warren-Gash, Pyrcz et al. 2013: 19. Redescription. Type locality: Ivory Coast: Tai National Park, vi Holotype (male) in African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. General remarks: Named after the river Styx, which in Greek mythology separated the land of the living from the dark world of Hades (Collins et al., 2003). Distribution: Ivory Coast. Known only from Tai National Park (Pyrcz et al., 2013). Ivory Coast Tai National Park (TL). Subgenus Euphaedrana Hecq, 1976 Lambillionea 76: 57 (38-48, 53-63). Type-species: Nymphalis eleus Drury, by original designation. Relevant literature: Hecq, 2007 [Taxonomy of themis group]. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) alava Hecq,

49 Euphadra [sic] alava Hecq, Lambillionea 100 (3) (Tome I): 414 ( ). Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Guinée équatoriale, Anisoc, Nkin, 0 m, 19.V.83. D. Sanchez M. leg. Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea. Known only from the holotype (male). Equatorial Guinea Anisoc, Nkin (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) thierrybaulini Oremans, 1999 Euphaedra thierrybaulini Oremans, Lambillionea 99: 606 ( ). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Congo (ex-zaïre), province du Bandundu, Environ de Kolokoso, VI In coll. Ph. Oremans. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Bandundu, Kikwit, east Kasai). Democratic Republic of Congo Kolokoso (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) themis (Hübner, 1807) Common Themis Forester Najas themis Hübner, 1807 in Hübner, [ ]. Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: pl. 60 ([vi] pp., 213 pls.). Augsberg. Euphaedra themis. Male (Wingspan 67 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Guinea.] Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon (west), Congo, Central African Republic (Noss, 1998). Guinea Macenta (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone Moyamba (Wichgraf, 1921). 49

50 Ivory Coast Bereby (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria Kagoro (Larsen, 2005a); Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Molundu (Schultze, 1920); N ginda (Schultze, 1920); Maléen (Schultze, 1920); Sangmelima (Schultze, 1920). Congo Ikelemba on the Sanga River (Schultze, 1920). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Habitat: Drier forest and disturbed forest mainly (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a relatively common species in most of its range (Larsen, 2005a). Larval food: Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schumach. & Thonn. (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast; this record probably refers to Euphaedra laboureana (Larsen, 2005a)]. viridifasciata Schultze, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra themis). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 757 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun; Molundu. paupera Schultze, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra themis). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 757 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun; N ginda; Maléen; Sangmelima. albida Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra themis). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 757 ( ). [Congo]: Franz. Kongo: Ikelemba (am Sanga-Fluss). composita Wichgraf, 1921 (as f. of Euphaedra themis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 14: 171 ( , , ). Sierra Leone: Moyamba. Elevated to subspecies level by Hecq (1997) but synonymized with Euphaedra themis by Larsen, 2005a: 421 (regarded by him to be a morph but he also suggests that it might be a valid species). illuminata Hecq, 1991 (as female f. of Euphaedra themis). Lambillionea 91 (3): 197 ( ). Togo. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) dubreka Collins & Larsen, 2005 Guinea Themis Forester Euphaedra dubreka Collins & Larsen, In: Larsen, Butterflies of West Africa: 554. Euphaedra dubreka (x1.05). Left male (holotype; Guinea) composite. Right female (Guinea) composite. Images courtesy Torben Larsen. 50

51 Type locality: Guinea: Dubreka. Holotype (male) July, 1999 (M. Mané leg., coll. African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Distribution: Guinea (south-east), Sierra Leone (extreme west). Guinea Dubreka (TL); Boncori (Larsen, 2005a); Ratoma (Larsen, 2005a); Mamou (Larsen, 2005a); Dalaba (Larsen, 2005a); Lelouma (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone Karina, about 100 km NW of the Freetown Peninsula (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is the commonest species of the themis species group in the coastal forests of Guinea (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vandeweghei Hecq, 2004 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vandeweghei Hecq, Lambillionea 104 (1): 58 (58). Type locality: Gabon:. Distribution: Gabon. Gabon Mboumie (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) laboureana de Toulgëot, 1957 Brownish Themis Forester Euphaedra themis laboureana de Toulgëot, Bulletin de l Institut Français d Afrique Noire (A) 19: 871 ( ). Type locality: Guinea: Guineé français, Tondon (Alt. 450 m.) Près Ouassou, cercle de Dubreka. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Larval food: Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schmach. & Thonn. (Sapindaceae) [Hecq & Vuattoux, 1989; Ivory Coast]. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) laboureana laboureana de Toulgëot, 1957 Euphaedra themis laboureana de Toulgëot, Bulletin de l Institut Français d Afrique Noire (A) 19: 871 ( ). Type locality: Guinea: Guineé français, Tondon (Alt. 450 m.) Près Ouassou, cercle de Dubreka. Distribution: Guinea (east), Sierra Leone (north). Guinea Tondon, Dubreka (TL). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) laboureana eburnensis Hecq, 1979 Euphaedra eburnensis Hecq, Lambillionea 79: 24 (21-26). Euphaedra laboureana eburnensis Hecq, Larsen, 2005a: 421, stat. rev. 51

52 Type locality: Ivory Coast: Tiassalé. Distribution: Guinea (north-east), Sierra Leone (south), Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Ivory Coast Tiassale (TL). Ghana Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a); Konongo (Larsen, 2005a); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a). Note: Because the nominate subspecies and ssp. eburnensis appear to intergrade geographically, Larsen (2005a) has doubts as to whether the subspecies are valid. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) laboureana bernaudi Hecq, 1996 Euphaedra eburnensis bernaudi Hecq, Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 127 ( ). Euphaedra eburnensis bernaudi Hecq, Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 55 (1-117). Euphaedra laboureana bernaudi Hecq, Larsen, 2005a: 421. Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroun, Mindouroux, II Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon. Cameroon Mindouroux (TL). Note: Larsen (2005a: 421), on biogeographic grounds, is not convinced that this taxon is conspecific with Euphaedra laboureana. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) canui Hecq, 1987 Euphaedra canui Hecq, Lambillionea 87: 104 ( ). Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Bioko. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) permixtum (Butler, 1873) Robust Themis Forester Romaleosoma permixtum Butler, Cistula Entomologica 1: 158 ( ). Type locality: Gabon: Gaboon. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola. Habitat: Forest. Habits: A relatively common species (Larsen, 2005a). Individuals are often found perched on a leaf with the wings held two-thirds open, sunning themselves. They are also frequently noted feeding from fallen fruit. They are wary and if disturbed usually fly higher up, rather than disappearing into the undergrowth as most species of the genus are wont to do (Larsen, 2005a). 52

53 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) permixtum permixtum (Butler, 1873) Romaleosoma permixtum Butler, Cistula Entomologica 1: 158 ( ). Type locality: Gabon: Gaboon. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Bas-Zaire), Angola. Democratic Republic of Congo Bangala (Sharpe, 1891). innocentia Staudinger, 1886 in Staudinger & Schatz, (as var. of Euphaedra themis). Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 149 (333 pp.). Bayern. Angola. rubronotata Sharpe, 1891 (as sp. of Romaleosoma). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 130 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Bangala. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) permixtum diva Hecq, 1982 Euphaedra permixtum diva Hecq, Lambillionea 82: 32 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Euphaedra permixtum diva. Male (Wingspan 65 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Gabon. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon (west), Gabon. Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Mondah (van de Weghe, 2010); Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eberti Aurivillius, 1896 Euphaedra eberti Aurivillius, Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhlhandlingar. Stockholm 53: 433 ( ). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Ubangi. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda. 53

54 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eberti eberti Aurivillius, 1896 Euphaedra eberti Aurivillius, Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhlhandlingar. Stockholm 53: 433 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Ubangi. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north), Central African Republic. Democratic Republic of Congo Ubangi (TL); Angabe (Schultze, 1920). rubromaculata Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra eberti). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 759 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Belg. Kongo: Ubangi (ohne nähere Angabe. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eberti hamus Berger, 1940 Euphaedra hamus Berger, Exploration du Parc National Albert. Mission G.F. de Witte ( ) (30): 18 (51 pp.). Brussels. Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Rutshuru (alt m.). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east), Uganda (Ruwenzori). Democratic Republic of Congo Rutshuru (TL). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eberti hannoti Hecq, 2008 Euphaedra eberti hannoti Hecq, Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 109 ( ). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo:. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) aureola Kirby, 1889 Long-banded Themis Forester Euphaedra aureola Kirby, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 3: 246 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroons. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic. Habitat: Wetter forests in reasonable condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common butterfly that often feeds from fallen fruit. It is wary and when disturbed flies up to alight on leaves two to four metres above the ground, but soon returns to fruit that it is feeding on (Larsen, 2005a). Larval food: 54

55 Octolobus species (Sterculiaceae) [Larsen, vide Hecq (1997). Larsen (2005a) states that he did not supply this data.] Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) aureola aureola Kirby, 1889 Euphaedra aureola Kirby, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 3: 246 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroons. Distribution: Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic. Cameroon Barombi Station (Staudinger, 1891); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). auriger Staudinger, 1891 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 126 (61-157). Cameroon: Barombi-Station. janettoides Strand, 1914 (as ab. of Euphaedra themis). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 80 (A.2.): 149 ( ). Cameroon: Duala. [Doubtfully placed here.] griseoviridis Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra auriger). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 758 ( ). Ivory Coast: Elfenbeinküste (Dimbroko) [false locality]; Cameroon: Nordwest-Kamerun (Gebiet des oberen Crossflusses). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) aureola nitens Hecq, 1997 Euphaedra aureola nitens Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 58 (1-117). Type locality: Nigeria: Calabar. Distribution: Nigeria (south). Nigeria Calabar (TL); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Cross River loop (Larsen, 2005a). Note: Larsen (2005a) does not believe that this is a valid subspecies. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) exerrata Hecq, 1982 Lesser-banded Themis Forester Euphaedra exerrata Hecq, Lambillionea 82: 47 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Type locality: Nigeria. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Nigeria Cross River loop (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A relatively common species. When disturbed while feeding on fallen fruit it flies up to settle on low foliage; if disturbed again it flies higher up (Larsen, 2005a). 55

56 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) modesta Hecq, 1982 Modest Themis Forester Euphaedra modesta Hecq, Lambillionea 82: 30 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Type locality: Ivory Coast: R.C.I. Bouake. Distribution: Guinea (north-west), Ivory Coast, Ghana. Guinea Djeke (Larsen, 2005a); Nimba (Larsen, 2005a); Seredou (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Bouake (TL). Ghana Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Bia (Larsen, 2005a); Kibi area (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: An uncommon species that comes to fallen fruit but is wary (Larsen, 2005a). Larval food: Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig (Sapindaceae) [Hecq & Vuattoux, 1989; Ivory Coast]. Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schumach. & Thonn. (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast; for Euphaedra campaspe Felder, in error for Euphaedra modesta according to Larsen, 2005a]. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) minuta Hecq, 1982 Cote d Ivoire Forester Euphaedra minuta Hecq, Lambillionea 82: 47 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Type locality: Ivory Coast: R.C.I.. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Ivory Coast near Abidjan (TL); Banco (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: Wetter forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a wary butterfly. When disturbed while feeding on fruit on the ground it flies upwards to settle on a leaf some metres above the ground (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) laguerrei Hecq, 1979 Insipid Themis Forester Euphaedra laguerrei Hecq, Lambillionea 79: 25 (21-26). Type locality: Ivory Coast: Tiassalé. Distribution: Senegal, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast (west). Senegal Basse Casamance (Hecq, 1986). Ivory Coast Tiassale (TL); Lamto (Larsen, 2005a); Banco (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This species is quite common in central Ivory Coast but appears to be scarce elsewhere (Larsen, 2005a). 56

57 Larval food: Cola laurifolia Mast. (Sterculiaceae) [Hecq & Vuattoux, 1989; Ivory Coast]. perdita Hecq, 1986 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Lambillionea 86: 40 (39-42). Senegal: Casamance, Forêt de Santiaba-Mandiak. Synonymized with Euphaedra laguerrei Hecq, 1979 by Hecq, *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) janetta (Butler, 1871) Janetta Themis Forester Romaleosoma janetta Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 80 (79-83). Type locality: Ghana: Fantee, Cape Coast. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest, including degraded forest habitat (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is one of the commonest species of Euphaedra in West Africa (Larsen, 2005a). It keeps close to the ground and is very fond of fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) janetta janetta (Butler, 1871) Romaleosoma janetta Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 80 (79-83). Type locality: Ghana: Fantee, Cape Coast. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Ivory Coast Danane (Hecq, 1987). Ghana Fantee (TL); Aburi (Larsen, 2005a); Gambaga Escarpment (Larsen, 2005a); Mole National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria Okomu (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Barombi Station (Bartel, 1905); Yaounde (Gaede, 1916); Molundu (Schultze, 1920); N ginda (Schultze, 1920); Djimbuli (Schultze, 1920); Kumilla (Schultze, 1920); M peum (Schultze, 1920); Yakaduma (Schultze, 1920); Assobam Forest (Schultze, 1920); Lomie (Schultze, 1920); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). reducta Bartel, 1905 (as ab. of Euphaedra themis). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 141 ( ). Cameroon: Victoria; Barombi Station. janettina Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra themis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 ( , , ). Cameroon: N.O. Jaunde, Kamerun. viridis Schultze, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra janetta). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 753 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Belg. Kongo: Duma (Ubangi-Distr.) [false locality?]; Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun: Molundu; N ginda; Djimbuli; Kumilla; M peum; Yakaduma; Assobam-Urwald; Lomie. or Hecq, 1987 (as form of Euphaedra janetta). Lambillionea 87: 8 (8). Ivory Coast: RCI, Danane. Synonym of Eeuphaedra janetta (Butler, 1871) (Ackery et al., 1995: 407). Given as Euphaedra janetta or Hecq, 1987 (Hecq, 1997). Treated as a form of Euphaedra janetta by Larsen, 2005a:

58 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) janetta insularis Schultze, 1920 Euphaedra janetta var. insularis Schultze, Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 753 ( ). Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Fernando-Po: San Carlos. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). Equatorial Guinea San Carlos, Bioko (TL). Euphaedra janetta campaspoides Hecq, 1985 Euphaedra campaspe f. campaspoides Hecq, Lambillionea 82: 46 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Euphaedra janetta campaspoides Hecq, Lambillionea 85: 14 (7-15). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Sankuru. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo Sankuru (TL). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) janetta remota Hecq, 1991 Euphaedra janetta remota Hecq, Lambillionea 91 (3): 199 ( ). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Gemena. Distribution: Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur). Gabon Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Gemena (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) splendens Hecq, 1982 Splendid Themis Forester Euphaedra splendens Hecq, Lambillionea 82: 48 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Type locality: Nigeria. Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo. Habitat: Wetter forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) splendens splendens Hecq, 1992 Euphaedra splendens Hecq, Lambillionea 82: 48 (25-32, 44-48, 50-52). 58

59 Type locality: Nigeria. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Congo (north). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) splendens ghanaensis Hecq & Joly, 2004 Euphaedra splendens ghanaensis Hecq & Joly, Lambillionea 104 (1): 59 (59-61). Type locality: Ghana:. Distribution: Ghana. Ghana Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Mpasaso (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a); near Bibiani (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vetusta (Butler, 1871) Green Themis Forester Romaleosoma vetusta Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 82 (79-83). Type locality: West Africa. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana. The record from Togo for this species (Karsch, 1893) is probably an error (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Tai National Park (Plowes, vide Larsen, 2005a); Bereby (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Kibi area (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a); near Kruwa Camp in Kakum National Park (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Dense forest. Habits: A fairly common species in the west of its range, becoming scarcer in the west (Larsen, 2005a). They are attracted to fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) aberrans Staudinger, 1891 Aberrant Themis Forester Euphaedra aberrans Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 128 (61-157). Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ghana. Records from Nigeria and Cameroon are in error (Larsen, 2005a). Guinea Dubreka (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Ashanti (Larsen, 2005a); Akropong (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A scarce butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). 59

60 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) stellata Hecq, 1991 Euphaedra stellata Hecq, Lambillionea 91 (3): 197 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroun, Moloundou. Distribution: Cameroon. Cameroon Moloundou (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) campaspe (Felder & Felder, 1867) Romalaeosoma [sic] campaspe Felder & Felder, 1867 in Felder & Felder, [1865-7]. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 431 (549 pp.). Wien. Type locality: Gabon: Africa occidentalis aequtorialis: Gabon. Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) campaspe campaspe (Felder & Felder, 1867) Romalaeosoma [sic] campaspe Felder & Felder, 1867 in Felder & Felder, [1865-7]. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 431 (549 pp.). Wien. Type locality: Gabon: Africa occidentalis aequtorialis: Gabon. Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic. Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) campaspe permixtoides Hecq, 1986 Euphaedra campaspe permixtoides Hecq, Lambillionea 86: 56 (53-61). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Gemena. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Known only from the type locality. Democratic Republic of Congo Gemena (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) centralis Hecq, 1985 Euphaedra campaspe centralis Hecq, Lambillionea 85: 14 (7-15). 60

61 Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Eala. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central basin). Democratic Republic of Congo Eala (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) congo Hecq, 1985 Euphaedra congo Hecq, Lambillionea 85: 14 (7-15). Type locality: Congo: Congo-Brazza, Forêt de Tsiémé. Distribution: Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Congo Tsieme Forest (TL). Democratic Republic of Congo Kimuenza (Schultze, 1920); Kinshasa (Ackery et al., 1995). saritina Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. janetta and E. sarita). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 755 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Belg. Kongo: Kimuenza. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) justicia Staudinger, 1886 Justicia Themis Forester Euphaedra themis var. justicia Staudinger, 1886 in Staudinger & Schatz, Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 149 (333 pp.). Bayern. Type locality: Nigeria: Lagos ; Isubu ; Cameroon: Camerun ; Gabon: Gabun. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Recorded, in error, from Ghana by Kuhne, 1999 (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria Lagos (TL); Isubu (Staudinger, 1886); Calabar (Hecq, 1997). Gabon Mondah (van de Weghe, 2010); Safala (van de Weghe, 2010); Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Ndougou (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). auretta Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra themis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 ( , , ). Cameroon: Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun. [Doubtfully placed here.] *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) appositiva Hecq, 1982 Euphaedra appositiva Hecq, Lambillionea 82: 53 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Euphaedra janetta appositiva Hecq, Ackery et al., 1995: 407. Euphaedra appositiva Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 65 (1-117). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroun. Distribution: Cameroon. 61

62 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) apparata Hecq, 1982 Euphaedra apparata Hecq, Lambillionea 82: 44 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Sankuru. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Sankuru, Kasai). Democratic Republic of Congo Sankuru (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) adonina (Hewitson, 1865) Golden Themis Forester Romalaeosoma [sic] adonina Hewitson, 1865 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 37 (124 pp.). London. Type locality: Nigeria: Old Calabar. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: An uncommon and wary species (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) adonina adonina (Hewitson, 1865) Romalaeosoma [sic] adonina Hewitson, 1865 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 37 (124 pp.). London. Type locality: Nigeria: Old Calabar. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Nigeria Old Calabar (TL); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Lees, 1989). reflecta Hecq, 1982 (as ssp. of Euphaedra adonina). Lambillionea 82: 52 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Nigeria. Given as a subspecies of Euphaedra adonina (Hewitson) in Ackery et al., 1995: 402 but treated as a synonym of Euphaedra adonina by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 65 (1-117).). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) adonina spectacularis Hecq, 1997 Euphaedra adonina spectacularis Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 66 (1-117). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. 62

63 Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Nigeria Akpabuyo in the Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Congo Etoumbi (Talbot, 1932). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Note: Larsen (2005a) states that he found a male of subspecies spectacularis in the Cator collection in the NHM, London from Akpabuyo in the Oban Hills, Nigeria. rotundata Talbot, 1932 (as f. of Euphaedra themis). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 4: 288 ( ). Congo: French Congo: Etoumbi. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) adonina prasina Hecq, 1991 Euphaedra adonina prasina Hecq, Lambillionea 91 (3): 198 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroun, Moloundou. Distribution: Cameroon (south), Gabon. Cameroon Moloundou (TL); Minyass (Schultze, 1920); Yukaduma (Schultze, 1920). Gabon Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (van de Weghe, 2010); Ndougou (van de Weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Kongou (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Leke, east of Franceville (van de Weghe, 2010). Note: Larsen (2005a) states that prasina is sympatric with spectacularis and looks rather different. He states that it is almost certainly a valid species. seminigra Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra adonina). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 751 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun: Minyass. prasina Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra adonina). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 751 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun: Molundu; Yukaduma. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) uniformis Berger, 1981 Euphaedra uniformis Berger, Les Papillons du Zaire 155 (543 pp.). Bruxelles. Type locality: du Cameroun au Zaire. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (north). Gabon Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Rabi (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). uniformis Neustetter, 1916 (as ab. of Euphaedra themis campaspe). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 101 (95-108). Gabon: Gabun. 63

64 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ueleana Hecq, 1982 Euphaedra ueleana Hecq, Lambillionea 82: 45 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Uele. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele). Democratic Republic of Congo Uele (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) controversa Hecq, 1997 Controversial Themis Forester Euphaedra controversa Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 68 (1-117). Type locality: Cameroon. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon (west). Nigeria Old Ekuri, Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Ekonganaku, Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Scarce in Nigeria but commoner in Cameroon (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) occulta Hecq, 1982 Euphaedra occulta Hecq, Lambillionea 82: 53 (25-32, 44-48, 50-53). Type locality: Cote de Guineé. Distribution: Guinea. Note: Described from a single male; the only known specimen. Hecq (1997) regarded occulta to be statut indéterminé. Larsen (2005a) doubts that this is a valid taxon, the unique male possibly being an aberration of Euphaedra janetta. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceres (Fabricius, 1775) Ceres Forester Papilio ceres Fabricius, Systema Entomologiae 504 (832 pp.). Flensburgi & Lipsiae. 64

65 Euphaedra ceres ceres. Male (Wingspan 63 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Euphaedra ceres ceres. Female (Wingspan 77 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Sierra Leone: Sierra Leon Africae. Distribution: Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Mainly in dry forest but also in wet forest, degraded habitats and even suburban gardens (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a common species that regularly comes to feed on fallen fruit; when so engaged it is not wary, unlike many of the scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Larval food: Deinbollia pinnata (Poir.) Schumach. & Thonn. (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast]. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceres ceres (Fabricius, 1775) Papilio ceres Fabricius, Systema Entomologiae 504 (832 pp.). Flensburgi & Lipsiae. 65

66 Euphaedra ceres ceres. Male (Wingspan 63 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Euphaedra ceres ceres. Female (Wingspan 77 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Sierra Leone: Sierra Leon Africae. Distribution: Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001). Gambia Abuko Forest (Barnett & Emms, 1999). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin Noyau Central, Lama Forest (Fermon et al., 2001). lucille Cramer, 1777 (as sp. of Papilio). Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America 2: 93 (151 pp.). Amsteldam & Utrecht. Guinea. lucullus Herbst, 1792 (as sp. of Papilio). Natursystem aller bekannten in- und ausländischen Insekten. Der Schmetterlinge 5: 94 (231 pp.). Berlin. Africa. schultzei Neustetter, 1927 (as hybrid of E. ceres and E. themis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 15 (7-8, 14-16, 23-24, 32). Sierra Leone: Sierra Leona. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceres lutescens Hecq,

67 Euphaedra ceres lutescens Hecq, Lambillionea 78: 73 (70-74). Synonym of Euphaedra ceres artaynta Möschler, Ackery et al., 1995: 403. Euphaedra ceres lutescens Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 72. Type locality: Nigeria: Prov. de Calabar, Aningete. Distribution: Benin, Nigeria. Benin Lokoli (Tchibozo et al., 2008). Nigeria Aningete, Calabar (TL). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceres electra Hecq, 1983 Euphaedra ceres electra Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 41 (40-48, 51-61). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroun. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Cameroon Ikelemba (Schultze, 1920); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Mondah, Malibe (van de Weghe, 2010); Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo Kimuenza (Schultze, 1920). zeuxis Westwood, 1850 in Doubleday & Westwood, [ ] (as sp. of Romalaeosoma [sic]). The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: 284 (1: pp.; 2: pp.). London. Congo. abluta Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra ceres). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 759 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Belg. Kongo: Kimuenza ; Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun: Ikilemba. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sarita (Sharpe, 1891) Romaleosoma sarita Sharpe, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 133 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Bangala. Distribution: Cameroon?, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015), Ethiopia. Recorded, in error, from Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sarita sarita (Sharpe, 1891) Romaleosoma sarita Sharpe, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 133 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Bangala. Distribution: Cameroon?, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (central and north), Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Central African Republic Ft de Bimbo (Hecq, 1977). Democratic Republic of Congo Bangala (TL). 67

68 Uganda Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). stigmatica Hecq, 1977 (as f. of Euphaedra sarita sarita). Lambillionea 76: 92 (86-93; 77: 5-12). Central African Republic: R.C.A., Ft de Bimbo. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sarita lulua Hecq, 1977 Euphaedra sarita lulua Hecq, Lambillionea 76: 92 (86-93; 77: 5-12). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Shaba, Kapanga. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south). Democratic Republic of Congo Kapanga, Shaba (TL). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sarita abyssinica Rothschild, 1902 Euphaedra sarita abyssinica Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicae 9: 596 ( ). Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Kankati forest, Djimma; Banka, Malo. Distribution: Ethiopia (south-west). Ethiopia Kankati Forest, Djimma (TL); Banka, Malo (Rothschild, 1902). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) grilloti Hecq, 1983 Euphaedra grilloti Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 42 (40-48, 51-61). Type locality: Congo: Congo Brazzaville, Ile M Bamou. Distribution: Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east). Congo M Bamou Island (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) fontainei Hecq, 1977 Euphaedra fontainei Hecq, Lambillionea 77: 10 (76: 86-93; 77: 5-12). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Boma. Distribution: Gabon?, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Democratic Republic of Congo Boma (TL); Luki (Hecq, 1977). agraphica Hecq, 1977 (as f. of Euphaedra fontainei). Lambillionea 77: 10 (76: 86-93; 77: 5-12). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Bas-Zaire, Luki. 68

69 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) intermedia Rebel, 1914 Euphaedra sarita f. intermedia Rebel, Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 244 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Beni. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north Kivu, Uele), Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Democratic Republic of Congo Beni (TL); Itoa River, Ituri Forest (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). obsoleta Joicey & Talbot, 1921 (as f. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 66 (40-166). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Itoa River, Ituri Forest. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phosphor Joicey & Talbot, 1921 Euphaedra ceres f. phosphor Joicey & Talbot, Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 66 (40-166). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Albertville. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south-east), Burundi, Tanzania (west). Democratic Republic of Congo Albertville (TL). Tanzania Localities close to Lake Tanganyika in Mpanda and Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Gombe (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Forest, including riparian forest. In Tanzania it is found at altitudes between 800 to m, occasionally up to m (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Congdon & Collins, 1996: 18 [larva illustrated in colour]. Larval food: Poliscias species near fulva (Hiern) Harms (Araliaceae) [Congdon & Collins, 1996: 18; Kasye forest, Tanzania]. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) afzelii (Felder & Felder, 1867) Green Ceres Forester Romalaeosoma [sic] afzelii Felder & Felder, 1867 in Felder & Felder, [1865-7]. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 430 (549 pp.). Wien. Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Sierra Leone. Recorded, in error, from Ivory Coast by Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979 (Larsen, 2005a), and from Nigeria (St Leger 1989). Also recorded, probably erroneously, from Central African Republic by Noss (1998) [MCW]. Sierra Leone Guma Valley, Freetown (Belcastro, 1990). 69

70 Habitat: Forest of good quality (Belcastro, 1990). Habits: Apparently flies only in dense forest (Belcastro, 1990). Larval food: Nothing published, but see remarks under Euphaedra phaethusa. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) inanum (Butler, 1873) Unmarked Ceres Forester Romaleosoma inanum Butler, Cistula Entomologica 1: 158 ( ). Type locality: Ghana: Ashanti. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Records from east of the Dahomey Gap refer to other species (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Ashanti (TL); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: All types of forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is an uncommon species that is very wary, even when feeding from fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Larval food: Sorindeia warneckei Engl. (Anacardiaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast]. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phaethusa (Butler, 1866) Common Ceres Forester Romaleosoma phaethusa Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 670 ( ). Type locality: [Ghana]: Ashantee. Original description: 70

71 Euphaedra phaethusa phaethusa. Male (Wingspan 60 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana. 26 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon. Habitat: Forest, included degraded forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A common species (Larsen, 2005a) Larval food: 71

72 Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Lamto, Ivory Coast; recorded for Euphaedra afzelii but Larsen (2005a) says that the record probably refers to Euphaedra phaethusa since the specimens that eclosed had yellow forewing bands]. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phaethusa phaethusa (Butler, 1866) Romaleosoma phaethusa Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 670 ( ). Euphaedra phaethusa phaethusa. Male (Wingspan 60 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana. 26 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Ghana: Ashantee. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria? Ghana Ashanti (TL); Aburi (Möschler, 1887); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng- Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Togo Bismarckburg (Bartel, 1905). Benin Niaouli (Hecq, 1997). Nigeria Kagoro (Larsen, 2005a; may not represent phaethusa). artynta Möschler, 1887 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Abhandlungen hrsg. Von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 15: 60 (49-100). Ghana: Aburi. Given as a subspecies of Euphaedra ceres (Fabricius, 1775) by Ackery et al., 1995 but regarded to be a junior synonym of Euphaedra phaethusa (Butler, 1866) by Larsen, 2005a: 426. vespasia Möschler, 1887 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Abhandlungen hrsg. Von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 15: 59, 97 (49-100). Ghana: Aburi. adelica Bartel, 1905 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 140 ( ). Togo: Bismarckburg. ceroides Hecq, 1979 (as f. of Euphaedra inanum). Lambillionea 78: 74 (70-74). Ghana. ceroides Hecq, 1983 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Lambillionea 83: 46 (40-48, 51-61). [Ghana.] scrupulosa Hecq, 1997 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 90 (1-117). Benin: Niaouli. Considered to be a synonym of Euphaedra phaethusa phaesutha (Butler, 1866) by Larsen (2005a: 427). 72

73 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phaethusa aurea Hecq, 1983 Euphaedra ceroides aurea Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 47 (40-48, 51-61). Synonym of Euphaedra phaethusa (Butler, 1866). Ackery et al., 1995: 412. Euphaedra phaethusa aurea Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 76. Type locality: Sierra Leone/Liberia: au Liberia et à la Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia (west). aurea Neustetter, 1927 (as ab. of Euphaedra ceres). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 16 (7-8, 14-16, 23-24, 32). Liberia; Sierra Leone: Sierra Leona. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phaethusa proserpina Hecq, 1983 Splendid Ceres Forester Euphaedra proserpina Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 58 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra phaethusa proserpina Hecq, Pyrcz et al., 2011: 632. Stat. rev. Type locality: Nigeria: Okarara. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Nigeria Okarara (TL); Okomu Nature Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Wetter forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) phaethusa tisiphona Hecq, 1983 Euphaedra proserpina tisiphona Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 60 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra tisiphona Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 85. Euphaedra proserpina tisiphona Hecq, Larsen, 2005a: 429. Euphaedra phaethusa tisiphona Hecq, Pyrcz et al., 2011: 632. Stat. nov. Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroun. Distribution: Cameroon (except coast). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) delera Hecq, 1989 Brown Ceres Forester Euphaedra delera Hecq, Lambillionea 89: 67 (67-68). Type locality: Ivory Coast: Lamto. Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Ivory Coast (central). Ivory Coast Bandama Valley, Lamto (TL); Dimbrok, near Lamto (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. 73

74 Larval food: Sorindeia warneckei Engl. (Anacardiaceae) [Hecq & Vuattoux, 1989; Ivory Coast]. delera Hecq, 1983 (as f. of Euphaedra ceroides). Lambillionea 83: 47 (40-48, 51-61). Ivory Coast: Côte d Ivoire (Lamto). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) villiersi Condamin, 1964 Villiers Ceres Forester Euphaedra ceres villiersi Condamin, Bulletin de l Institut Français d Afrique Noire (A) 26: 202 ( ). Type locality: Senegal: Forêt classée de Santiaba-Mandjak. Distribution: Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone. Senegal Santiaba-Mandjak (TL); Basse Casamance (Larsen, 2005a). Guinea Dubreka (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridicaerulea Bartel, 1905 Brown-patch Ceres Forester Euphaedra viridicaerulea Bartel, Novitates Zoologicae 12: 139 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun, (Bipindi). Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridicaerulea viridicaerulea Bartel, 1905 Euphaedra viridicaerulea Bartel, Novitates Zoologicae 12: 139 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun, (Bipindi). Distribution: Nigeria (south-east), Cameroon, Gabon. Nigeria Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Bipindi (TL); Korup (Lees, 1989). Gabon Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Ndougou (van de Weghe, 2010). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridicaerulea inanoides Holland, 1920 Euphaedra inanoides Holland, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 175 ( ). 74

75 Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Medje. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (central and north). Democratic Republic of Congo Medje (TL). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridicaerulea griseargentina Hecq, 1977 Euphaedra viridicaerulea griseargentina Hecq, Lambillionea 76: 90 (76: 86-93; 77: 5-12). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Shaba. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south). Democratic Republic of Congo Shaba (TL). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridicaerulea nitidula van Someren, 1935 Euphaedra viridicaerulea nitidula van Someren, Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 70 (59-89). Type locality: Uganda: Entebbe. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya. Uganda Entebbe (TL); Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Note: Subspecies nitidula van Someren is not included in the monograph of the genus Euphaedra by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 1-117). Instead he recognizes subargentina Hecq, as a good subspecies (p. 78); Ackery et al., 1995: 416, however, correctly treat subargentina as a junior synonym of nitidula (see below). viridis Rothschild, 1918 (as f. of Euphaedra ugandae). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 338 ( ). Uganda: Entebbe. Invalid; junior primary homonym of Euphaedra edwardsii viridis Suffert, 1904, and Euphaedra janetta var. viridis Schultze, 1917 [Nymphalidae]. subargentina Hecq, 1977 (as replacement name for Euphaedra uganda f. viridis Rothschild). Lambillionea 76: 90 (76: 86-93; 77: 5-12). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) uganda Aurivillius, 1895 Uganda Forester 75

76 Perching male of Euphaedra uganda uganda. Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, Image courtesy Raimund Schutte. Euphaedra uganda Aurivillius, Entomologisches Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 380 ( ). Type locality: Uganda. Distribution: Uganda, Tanzania. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Often settles on paths in wet places. Very wary and if alarmed it will immediately fly rapidly into dense undergrowth (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Larval food: Allophylus africanus P.Beauv. var. africanus (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318; as Allophylus subcoriaceus Baker]. Deinbollia fulvo-tomentella Baker f. (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) uganda uganda Aurivillius, 1895 Euphaedra uganda Aurivillius, Entomologisches Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 380 ( ). Type locality: Uganda. Distribution: Uganda. Uganda Kibale Forest (R. Schutte, unpublished, 2014). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) uganda minzuru Hecq, 1992 Euphaedra uganda minzuru Hecq, Lambillionea 92: 46 (46-47). Type locality: Tanzania: Minzuru Mukoba. Diagnosis: Compared to the nominate subspecies the ground-colour is greenish blue rather than deep blue (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Tanzania (north-west). Tanzania Minziro Forest (TL); Kikuru (rare) (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Known only from the vicinity of the type locality. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ravola (Hewitson, 1866) Ravola Ceres Forester Romalaeosoma [sic] ravola Hewitson, 1866 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 40 (124 pp.). London. Type locality: Nigeria: Old Calabar. Distribution: Ivory Coast?, Ghana?, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (except east). Larsen (2005a) suspects that records for ravola from Ivory Coast and Ghana (Hecq, 1997) may, in fact, refer to Euphaedra phaethusa. 76

77 Nigeria Old Calabar (TL); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Cross River loop (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Ndougou (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Sankuru (TL). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A generally uncommon species that is wary even when feeding on fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1912: p. cxix Farquharson, 1921: 402 (Nigeria) The larvae are gregarious. They are chocolate-brown with vivid sulphur-yellow lateral processes. insignis Hecq, 1983 (as f. of Euphaedra ravola). Lambillionea 83: 57 (40-48, 51-61). Democratic Republic of Congo: Sankuru. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) margaritifera Schultze, 1920 Pearl-edged Ceres Forester Euphaedra margaritifera Schultze, Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 761 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun: Molundu; N ginda; N guffi-urwald; Bange-Urwald. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon. Nigeria Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Molundu (TL); N ginda (Schultze, 1920); N guffi Forest (Schultze, 1920); Bange Forest (Schultze, 1920); Bipindi (Neustetter, 1927). Gabon Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A scarce and wary species (Larsen, 2005a). zenkeri Neustetter, 1927 (as var. of Euphaedra ceres). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 16 (7-8, 14-16, 23-24, 32). Cameroon: Bipindi, Süd-Kamerun. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussiana Gaede, 1916 Preuss Ceres Forester Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, Reference?? Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 81 (1-117). Type locality:? Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Alternative common name: Pearl-edged Ceres Forester. 77

78 Note: Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, 1916 is not included in Ackery et al., Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 81 (1-117)) treats it as a good species as does Larsen, 2005a. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussiana preussiana Gaede, 1916 Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, Reference?? Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 81 (1-117). Type locality:? Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Cameroon M peum (TL). Gabon Mondah (van de Weghe, 2010); Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010); Mpassa, Bateke Plateau (van de Weghe, 2010). mendax Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. ravola and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 760 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun: M peum. mendax Hecq, 1983 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Lambillionea 83: 60 (40-48, 51-61). Cameroon: Sud Camerun. Given as a good species in Ackery et al., 1995: 410 but regarded as a synonym of Euphaedra preussiana Gaede, 1916 by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 81 (1-117). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussiana protea Hecq, 1983 Euphaedra protea Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 54 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra preussiana protea Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 81. Type locality: Nigeria: Mkpot. Distribution: Nigeria (south-east); Cameroon (west). Nigeria Mkpot (TL); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Gashaka-Gumpti (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussiana robusta Hecq, 1983 Euphaedra mendax robusta Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 61 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra preussiana robusta Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 81. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (west). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) solida Hecq, 1997 Euphaedra solida Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 81 (1-117). 78

79 Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) cottoni Sharpe, 1907 Euphaedra cottoni Sharpe, Entomologist 40: 155 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Ituri Forest, Congo Free State, between Irumu- Mawambi-Beni, elevation between ft. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (east). Recorded, in error, from Ivory Coast and Ghana (Larsen, 2005a). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998; as Euphaedra rezioides). Democratic Republic of Congo Ituri Forest (TL); Medje (Holland, 1920). rezioides Holland, 1920 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 177 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Medje. Given as a good species in Ackery et al., 1995: 414 but treated as a synonym of Euphaedra cottoni Sharpe, 1907 by Hecq, 1997 (Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 82 (1-117).). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) rezia (Hewitson, 1866) Rezia Ceres Forester Romalaeosoma [sic] rezia Hewitson, 1866 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 39 (124 pp.). London. Type locality: Gabon: Gaboon. Distribution: Nigeria?, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. The presence of this species in Nigeria needs confirmation (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Nyonie (van de Weghe, 2010); Pongara (van de Weghe, 2010); Safala (van de Weghe, 2010); Mondah (van de Weghe, 2010); Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (van de Weghe, 2010); Evengue Island (van de Weghe, 2010); Iguela (van de Weghe, 2010); Akaka (van de Weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: A rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Guilbot & Guillaumin, Larval food: Pancovia species (Sapindaceae) [Ackery et al., 1995]. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) jolyana Hecq,

80 Euphaedra jolyana Hecq, Lambillionea 86: 41 (39-42). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Gemena. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central). Democratic Republic of Congo Gemena (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) regisleopoldi Hecq, 1996 Euphaedra regis-leopoldi Hecq, Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 127 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Zaïre, Gemena, X Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central). Democratic Republic of Congo Gemena (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) regularis Hecq, 1983 Euphaedra regularis Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 56 (40-48, 51-61). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Sankuru Katabo-Kombo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Sankuru, Kasai). Democratic Republic of Congo Katabo-Kombo, Sankur (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) persephona Hecq, 1983 Euphaedra proserpina persephona Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 59 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra persephona Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 85. Type locality: Cameroon: Victoria. Distribution: Cameroon (Douala region). Recorded, in error, from Togo and Benin by Ackery et al., 1995 (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Victoria (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) nigrocilia Lathy, 1903 Brighter Ceres Forester Euphaedra nigrocilia Lathy, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1903: 190 ( ). 80

81 Type locality: Nigeria: Anambara Creek. Distribution: Nigeria (east). Nigeria Anambara Creek (TL); Lokoja (Larsen, 2005a); Mamu (Larsen, 2005a); Nsukka (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Drier forest in the savanna transition zone (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A localized and uncommon species (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ignota Hecq, 1996 Ghana Ceres Forester Euphaedra ignota Hecq, Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 128 ( ). Type locality: Ghana: Kibi 20.V.1976 (R.T.P. Maessen). Place of deposition of types not stated but apparently Tervuren, Balgium (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Ghana. Ghana Kibi (TL); Kruwa in Kakum National Park (Larsen, 2005a); Mpasaso Forest (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a); Cape Three Points (ABRI, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Dense forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is apparently a very rare butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) tenebrosa Hecq, 1983 Cote d Ivoire Ceres Forester Euphaedra nigrocilia tenebrosa Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 53 (40-48, 51-61). Euphaedra tenebrosa Hecq, Hecq, 1997: 86. Type locality: Ivory Coast: Côte d Ivoire Man. Distribution: Guinea, Ivory Coast. Guinea Kerouane (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Man (TL); Banco (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) wojtusiaki Hecq, 1993 Wojtusiak s Ceres Forester Euphaedra wojtusiaki Hecq, Lambillionea 93 (2) (Tome II): 246 ( ). Type locality: Nigeria: Anambra State, Neukka 14.XI.1982, J. Wojtusiak leg. Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria (east). 81

82 Nigeria Nsukka (TL); Edo (Pyrcz et al., 2011); Ondo (Pyrcz et al., 2011). Habitat: Forest. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) luteolucens Hecq, 1995 Gashaka-Gumpti Ceres Forester Euphaedra luteolucens Hecq, Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome II): 106 ( ). Type locality: Nigeria: Gashaka N.P., Mayo Dim XI.94, D. Knoop. Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria. Known only from the type locality. Nigeria Gashaka-Gumpti Nationa Park (TL). Habitat: Forest. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) knoopiana Hecq, 1995 Knoop s Ceres Forester Euphaedra knoopiana Hecq, Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome II): 107 ( ). Type locality: Nigeria: Gashaka National Park, Mayo Dim, 500 m, X.1994, D. Knoop. Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria. Known only from the type locality. Nigeria Gashaka-Gumpti National Park (TL). Habitat: Forest. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) jacksoni Hecq, 1980 Euphaedra jacksoni Hecq, Lambillionea 79: 64 (62-64). Type locality: Gabon. Distribution: Gabon, Congo. Gabon Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) dargeana Hecq, 1980 Darge s Ceres Forester Euphaedra dargeana Hecq, Lambillionea 79: 62 (62-64). 82

83 Type locality: Cameroon: Mt Kala, 1150 m. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo? (north). Nigeria Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Mount Kala (TL). Gabon Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) demeter Hecq, 1983 Demeter Ceres Forester Euphaedra demeter Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 54 (40-48, 51-61). Type locality: Cameroon: Ebogo. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo. Nigeria Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Okomu (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Ebogo (TL). Gabon Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Apparently very rare in Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) velutina Hecq, 1997 Velvet Ceres Forester Euphaedra subrezia Hecq, Lambillionea 83: 56 (40-48; 51-61). Invalid. Euphaedra subrezia Hecq, Ackery et al., 1995: 415. Euphaedra velutina Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 89 (1-117). Replacement name for subrezia. Type locality: Nigeria: Mkpot. Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Ghana Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria Mkpot (TL). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is generally a rare species of butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) subprotea Hecq, 1986 Euphaedra subprotea Hecq, Lambillionea 86: 41 (39-42). 83

84 Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Mayumbe, Luali. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Gabon Mpassa, Bateke Plateau (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Luali, Mayumbe (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) densamacula Hecq, 1997 Black-spot Ceres Forester Euphaedra densamacula Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 90 (1-117). Type locality: Cameroon. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Nigeria Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) compacta Hecq, 1997 Compacted Ceres Forester Euphaedra compacta Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 91 (1-117). Type locality: Cameroon. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Nigeria Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. Note: Larsen (2005a) expresses some doubt as to the validity of this species. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) francina (Godart, 1824) Magnificent Forester Nymphalis francina Godart, 1824 in Latreille & Godart, [1819], [1824]. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: 390 (1-328 [1819], [1824]). Paris. 84

85 Euphaedra francina. Male composite. Left subspecies exuberans; right subspecies francina. Image courtesy Torben Larsen. Type locality: Côte de Guinée. Sierra Leone designated as type locality by Collins & Larsen (in Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Habitat: Primary wet forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A somewhat localized but by no means scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Males make early morning sexual displays in sunlit forest tracks m long. Females emerging from the forest are soon mated, sometimes before their wings have fully hardened (Larsen, 2005a). Larsen (2005a) observed oviposition behaviour in a female, noting that more than 25 indiscriminate landings did not result in any eggs being laid. He also observed and photographed a female that was attacked and eaten by a praying mantis (Polyspilota aeriginosa (Goeze)) (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) francina francina (Godart, 1824) Nymphalis francina Godart, 1824 in Latreille & Godart, [1819], [1824]. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: 390 (1-328 [1819], [1824]). Paris. 85

86 Euphaedra francina. Male composite. Left subspecies exuberans; right subspecies francina. Image courtesy Torben Larsen. Type locality: Côte de Guinée. Sierra Leone designated as type locality by Collins & Larsen (in Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia. sophron Doubleday, 1848 in Doubleday & Westwood, [ ] (as sp. of Romaleosoma). The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: pl. 38 [1848], 284 [1850] (1: pp.; 2: pp.). London. Sierra Leone. latefasciata Neustetter, 1916 (as ab. of Euphaedra franzina [sic]). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 101 (95-108). Liberia. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) francina exuberans Collins & Larsen, 2005 Euphaedra francina exuberans Collins & Larsen, In Larsen, Butterflies of West Africa: 555. Euphaedra francina. Male composite. Left subspecies exuberans; right subspecies francina. Image courtesy Torben Larsen. Type locality: Ghana: Atewa Range, Sagamase. Holotype (male) March, 2000 (leg. et coll. African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Diagnosis: Differs from the nominate subspecies in that the forewing upperside submarginal band is distinctly broader (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana (west). Ghana Sagamase, Atewa Range (TL); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a); Draw River (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussi Staudinger,

87 Euphaedra preussi Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 119 (61-157). Type locality: Cameroon: Barombi Station. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya. Habitat: Dense lowland forest. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussi preussi Staudinger, 1891 Euphaedra preussi Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 119 (61-157). Type locality: Cameroon: Barombi Station. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (except Shaba), Angola, Uganda, Ethiopia (south), Kenya (west). Cameroon Barombi Station (TL); Akonolinga (Gaede, 1916); Dendeng (Gaede, 1916); Ebogo (Gaede, 1916); Assamba (Schultze, 1920); Yukaduma (Schultze, 1920); Sangmelima (Schultze, 1920); Babunga (Schultze, 1920); N ginda (Schultze, 1920); Makak Station (Birket-Smith, 1960). Gabon Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Central African Republic Njam-Njam (Staudinger, 1891); Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo Luebo (Rebel, 1914); Duma (Schultze, 1920); Medje (Holland, 1920); Itoa River, Ituri Forest (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). Uganda Sesse Islands (Aurivillius, 1912); Buamba Forest (Talbot, 1929); Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). njamnjami Staudinger, 1891 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 119 (61-157). Central African Republic: Njam-Njam-Gebiet. albovittata Aurivillius, 1912 in Seitz, (as ab. of Euphaedra peculiaris). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 184 (614 pp.). Uganda: Sesse Islands. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/p). ochrofasciata Rebel, 1914 (as ab. of Euphaedra preussi). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 243 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Luebo (Kassai, Kongo). albipunctata Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 110 ( , , ). Cameroon: Akonolinga, Kamerun. marginemaculata Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 111 ( , , ). Cameroon: Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun. flavofasciata Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 111 ( , , ). Cameroon: Ebogo, Kamerun. scintillans Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. preussi (or E. ravola?) and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 766 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun: Assamba; Yukaduma; Sangmelima. perturbans Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. preussi and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 768 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Belg Kongo: Duma (Ubangi-Distr.). 87

88 monticola Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. preussi and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 768 ( ). Cameroon: Babungo (1500 m). versicolor Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. preussi and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 769 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun: N ginda. notata Holland, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 173 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Medje. latefasciata Holland, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 175 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Medje. obsoleta Joicey & Talbot, 1921 (as f. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 66 (40-166). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Itoa River, Ituri Forest. nigrodiscalis Birket-Smith, 1960 (as ab. of Euphaedra preussi preussi). Bulletin de l Institut Français d Afrique Noire (A) 22: 942 ( , , ). Cameroon: Greater clearing at the river Nyong just south of the station of Makak, French Cameroons. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) preussi pallida Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra preussi pallida Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 11 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kafakumba. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Democratic Republic of Congo Kafakumba (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) lacteata Talbot, 1929 Euphaedra preussi f. lacteata Talbot, In Eltringham, et al., Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 77: 484 ( ). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) lacteata Talbot, Hecq, 2012: 14. Status bona Type locality: Uganda: Toro, E. (Brit.) side of Semliki Valley, Buamba Forest, the eastern edge of the Congo Forest. c ft. Distribution: Uganda. Uganda Buamba Forest, Toro (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) alboides Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra alboides Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 26 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Shaba, Kafakumba. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Democratic Republic of Congo Kafakumba, Shaba (TL). 88

89 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vicina Hecq, 1984 Glossy White-striped Forester Euphaedra vicina Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 12 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu, Béni. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Habitat: Forest. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vicina vicina Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra vicina Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 12 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu, Béni. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Cameroon Barombi Station (Staudinger, 1891). Gabon Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Beni, Kivu (TL). preussi Staudinger, 1891 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 119 (61-157). Cameroon: Barombi Station. [In part.] Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vicina longiqua Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra vicina longiqua Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 12 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Nigeria. Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop). Nigeria Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) vicina pallidoides Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra vicina pallidoides Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 12 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Shaba. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Democratic Republic of Congo Shaba (TL). 89

90 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) procera Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra procera Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 12 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Beni (Kivu). Distribution: Central African Republic (south), Democratic Republic of Congo (north), Uganda (west). Democratic Republic of Congo Beni, Kivu (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) subprocera Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra subprocera Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 13 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Beni (Kivu). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central and east). Democratic Republic of Congo Beni, Kivu (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) albofasciata Berger, 1981 Euphaedra albofasciata Berger, Les Papillons du Zaire 157 (543 pp.). Bruxelles. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu-Nord. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Democratic Republic of Congo North Kivu (TL). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). albofasciata Rebel, 1914 (as ab. of Euphaedra preussi). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 243 ( ). No locality given. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) disjuncta Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra disjuncta Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 13 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu, Beni. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic. 90

91 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) disjuncta disjuncta Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra disjuncta Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 13 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu, Beni. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (except Shaba), Central African Republic. Democratic Republic of Congo Beni, Kivu (TL). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) disjuncta virens Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra disjuncta virens Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 14 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Shaba. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Democratic Republic of Congo Shaba (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) mayumbensis Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra mayumbensis Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 14 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Mayumbe. Distribution: Gabon (Hecq, 1977), Democratic Republic of Congo (Mayumbe), Central African Republic (west). Democratic Republic of Congo Mayumbe (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) subviridis Holland, 1920 Euphaedra preussi var. subviridis Holland, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 174 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Medje. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Known from the type locality and Irangi. Democratic Republic of Congo Medje (TL); Irangi (Ackery et al., 1995). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) fulvofasciata Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra fulvofasciata Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 14 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Uele. 91

92 Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Kivu). Gabon Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Akaka (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Kongou (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Uele (TL); Medje (Holland, 1920). fulvofasciata Holland, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 174 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Medje. angustior Holland, 1920 (as var. of Euphaedra preussi). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 175 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Medje. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) leloupi Overlaet, 1955 Euphaedra leloupi Overlaet, Exploration du Parc National de l Upemba 27: 40 (1-106). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: gorges de la Pelenge. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Lomami, Lualaba). Democratic Republic of Congo Pelenge gorge (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) margueriteae Hecq, 1978 Euphaedra margueriteae Hecq, Lambillionea 77: 69 (69-71). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu, Kashusha. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu), Uganda, Rwanda. Democratic Republic of Congo Kashusha (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) overlaeti Hulstaert, 1926 Euphaedra overlaeti Hulstaert, Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 14: 62 (60-63). 92

93 Euphaedra overlaeti. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 82mm. Lisombo River, Mwinilunga, N. Rhodesia [Zambia]. V Nat. Mus. S.R. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kafakumba (Lulua). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba, Lualaba), Zambia (north-west). Democratic Republic of Congo Kafakumba, Lulua (TL). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Lisombo River, Mwinilunga (male illustrated above). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) fascinata Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra fascinata Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 14 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Central African Republic: R.C.A. Bangui. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo. Cameroon Makak (Birket-Smith, 1960). Gabon Camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Central African Republic Bangui (TL). Democratic Republic of Congo Ituri Forest (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). coerulea Joicey & Talbot, 1921 (as female f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 67 (40-166). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Ituri Forest, thirty miles south of Irumu. kataphraktar Birket-Smith, 1960 (as ab. of Euphaedra eleus eleus). Bulletin de l Institut Français d Afrique Noire (A) 22: 944 ( , , ). Cameroon: Dense undergrowth in primary forest at the river Nyong just south of Makak, French Cameroons. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) xerophila Hecq, 1974 Euphaedra xerophila Hecq, Lambillionea 74: 29 (25-31). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu, Uvira, Rivière Mugadja. 93

94 Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south Kivu). Democratic Republic of Congo Mugadja River, Uvira (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ochrovirens Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra ochrovirens Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 16 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Cameroon: Ebogo. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo Ebogo (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) miranda Hecq, 1984 Euphaedra miranda Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 16 (9-16, 23-28). Type locality: Central African Republic: R.C.A., Bangui. Distribution: Cameroon, Central African Republic (in the vicinity of Bangui), Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Cameroon M peum (Schultze, 1920); Yukaduma (Schultze, 1920); Momos (Schultze, 1920); Assobam Forest (Schultze, 1920). Central African Republic Bangui (TL). opalina Schultze, 1920 (as hybrid of E. preussi and E. eleus). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral- Afrika-Expedition 1 (14): 767 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun: M peum; Yukaduma; Momos; Assobam-Urwald. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) niveovittata Overlaet, 1955 Euphaedra niveovittata Overlaet, Exploration du Parc National de l Upemba 27: 37 (1-106). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Ganza; Mabwe; Lukorami; Kanonga; gorges de la Pelenge; Munoi; Difirinji. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south especially Shaba). Democratic Republic of Congo Ganza (TL); Mabwe (Overlaet, 1955); Lukorami (Overlaet, 1955); Kanonga (Overlaet, 1955); Pelenge gorge (Overlaet, 1955); Munoi (Overlaet, 1955); Difirinji (Overlaet, 1955). 94

95 niveovittata Aurivillius, 1903 (as ab. of Euphaedra themis). Arkiv för Zoologi 1: 249 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Congogebiet: Katanga. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/t). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) neumanni Rothschild, 1902 Euphaedra neumanni Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicae 9: 596 ( ). Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Scheko. Distribution: Sudan (south), Ethiopia (south-west). Ethiopia Scheko (TL); Youbdou (Ungemach, 1932); Didessa River (Gabriel, 1949). perochrata Ungemach, 1932 (as ssp. of Euphaedra preussi). Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 56 (1-122). [Ethiopia]: Youbdo. attenuata Gabriel, 1949 (as ssp. of Euphaedra cooksoni). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 18: 209 ( ). [Ethiopia]: Didessa River, 4000 ft. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) illustris Talbot, 1927 Euphaedra preussi illustris Talbot, Revue Zoologique Africaine 15: 269 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Katanga, Lengi. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Democratic Republic of Congo Lengi, Katanga (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) bergeri Hecq, 1974 Euphaedra bergeri Hecq, Lambillionea 74: 10 (7-13). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: district de la Lulua, Kafakumba. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba). Democratic Republic of Congo Kafakumba, Lulua (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) cinnamomea Rothschild, 1918 Euphaedra preussi form cinnamomea Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicae 25: 340 ( ). Euphaedra cinnamomea Rothschild, Hecq, Lambillionea 84: 9-16, Synonym of Euphaedra castanea Berger, Ackery et al., 1995:

96 Euphaedra cinnamomea Rothschild, Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 101 (1-117). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kongour Forest, Manyema, Congo Free State. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo Kongour Forest, Manyema (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) olivacea Grünberg, 1908 Euphaedra preussi var. olivacea Grünberg, Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1908: 54 (50-62). Type locality: Uganda. Distribution: Uganda (central and west). Uganda Mawakota (Talbot, 1929). sordida Talbot, 1929 in Eltringham et al., 1929 (as ssp. of Euphaedra preussi). Entomological Society of London 77: 484 ( ). Uganda: Mawakota. Transactions of the *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) paradoxa Neave, 1904 Euphaedra paradoxa Neave, Novitates Zoologicae 11: 333 ( ). Type locality: Kenya: Ugaia, South Kavirondo. Distribution: Uganda (including Ukerewe Island), Kenya (south-west shores of Lake Victoria), Tanzania (north-west). Uganda Ukerewe Island (Ackery et al., 1995). Kenya Ugaia, South Kavirondo (TL); Suna, South Kavirondo (van Someren, 1935); Mara (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Moro River, Kasowa (Rothschild, 1918); Geita, near Mwanza (Stoneham, 1956). Habitat: Dense lowland forest. Most of the forest in its range has been cut down (Larsen, 1991c). Larval food: Blighia species (Sapindaceae) [I. Mullin, vide Larsen, 1991c: 311; oviposition only]. difficilis Rothschild, 1918 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 340 ( ). [Tanzania]: Mori River, Kosowa. preussoides van Someren, 1935 (as f. of Euphaedra paradoxa). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 78 (59-89). Kenya: Suna, South Kavirondo. rufescens van Someren, 1935 (as f. of Euphaedra paradoxa). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 79 (59-89). Kenya: Suna, South Kavirondo. vansomereni van Someren, 1935 (as f. of Euphaedra paradoxa). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 79 (59-89). Kenya: Suna, South Kavirondo. 96

97 comixta van Someren, 1935 (as f. of Euphaedra paradoxa). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 80 (59-89). Kenya: Suna, South Kavirondo. featheri van Someren, 1935 (as f. of Euphaedra paradoxa). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 80 (59-89). Kenya: Suna, South Kavirondo. zukumaensis Stoneham, 1956 (as ssp. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (66): [2] ([3 pp.]). [Tanzania]: Geita, near Mwanza, Northern Tanganyika Territory. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eleus (Drury, 1782) Eleus Orange Forester Papilio eleus Drury, Illustrations of Natural History 3: index et 14 (76 pp.). London. Euphaedra eleus eleus. Female (Wingspan 86 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Habitat: Mainly in primary forest, but also in secondary forest with a closed canopy (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: In West Africa it is scarce in the west of its range but common in the east (Larsen, 2005a). It mimics the day-flying geometrid moth Aletis helcita (Hübner) but its flight pattern does not match that of the model as well as those of Euphaedra eusemoides or Euphaedra perseis (Larsen, 2005a). Larval food: Allophylus species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 2005a]. Deinbollia species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 2005a]. Paullinia species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 2005a]. Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318; as Phialodiscus unijugatus Radikofer]. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eleus eleus (Drury, 1782) Papilio eleus Drury, Illustrations of Natural History 3: index et 14 (76 pp.). London. 97

98 Euphaedra eleus eleus. Female (Wingspan 86 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Bobiri Forest, Ghana. 22 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola (north), Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria Kagoro Forest (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Probably throughout (van de Weghe, 2010). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eleus gigas Hecq, 1996 Euphaedra eleus gigas Hecq, Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 128 ( ). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Zaïre, Shaba (Katanga), Lulua, Kapanga, V.1934, (G. Overlaet). Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south-east). Democratic Republic of Congo Kapanga (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) tchimbeleensis Oremans, 2008 Euphaedra tchimbeleensis Oremans, Saturnafrica 2: 5 (5-6). Type locality: Gabon:?. Distribution: Gabon. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) simplex Hecq, 1978 Simple Orange Forester 98

99 Euphaedra simplex Hecq, Lambillionea 78: 62 (60-64). See also Hecq, Lambillionea 79: 78 (76-80). Euphaedra simplex. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 74mm. N.W. Zambia, Ikelenge, Sakeji School, 11 15S'; 24 18E' m. 4.IV E. Townsend. (Newport Collection). Euphaedra simplex. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 74mm. N.W. Zambia, Mwinilunga, Nzombu River. 4-VIII R. White (Leg.). (Newport Collection). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Paulis. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia (north-west). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); camp PPG (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Paulis (TL). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Sakeji School, Ikelenge (male illustrated above); Nzombu River, Mwinilunga (female illustrated above). Habitat: Primary forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A fairly rare species (Larsen, 2005a). 99

100 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) hybrida Hecq, 1978 Euphaedra hybrida Hecq, Lambillionea 78: 62 (60-64). Type locality: No locality given. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda (van de Weghe, 2010). Gabon Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). hybridus Aurivillius, 1899 in Aurivillius, (as ab. of Euphaedra eleus). Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar 31 (5): 186 (1-561). No locality given. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/e). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) alacris Hecq, 1978 Rapid Forester Euphaedra alacris. Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, Image courtesy Raimund Schutte. Euphaedra alacris Hecq, 1978 and Hecq, Lambillionea 78: 63 (60-64) and Lambillionea 79: 79 (76-80). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Paulis. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania (west). Gabon Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Paulis (TL). Uganda Kibale Forest (R. Schutte, unpub., 2014); Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Tanzania Kioma District (Kielland, 1990d); Ntakatta Forest, Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Luntampa Forest, Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Dense forest. In Tanzania it occurs at altitudes from 800 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Larval food:? Sapindaceae [Kielland, 1990d: 119]. 100

101 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) alternus van Someren, 1935 Euphaedra eleus alternus van Someren, Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 81 (59-89). Synonym of Euphaedra rattrayi Sharpe, Ackery et al., 1995: 413. Euphaedra alternus van Someren, Hecq, Lambillionea 98 (3): 390). Euphaedra alternus. Male (Wingspan 64 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 13 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Mabira Forest, Kyagive, Mulange. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Democratic Republic of Congo Mabira Forest (TL); Kyagive (Talbot, 1929); Mulange (Talbot, 1929). latifasciata Talbot, 1929 in Eltringham et al., 1929 (as ssp. of Euphaedra eleus). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 77: 485 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Mabira Forest, Kyagive, Mulange. Invalid; junior primary homonym of Euphaedra preussi var. latifasciata Holland, 1920 [Nymphalidae]. Hecq, 1998 (Lambillionea 98 (3): 390) regards latifasciata Talbot to be a good species but was apparently unaware that the name is invalid. The name alternus van Someren is available and is used here? Check original publication. alternus van Someren, 1935 (as replacement name for Euphaedra eleus latifascia Talbot). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 81 (59-89). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) rattrayi Sharpe, 1904 Rattray s Forester Euphaedra rattrayi Sharpe, Entomologist 37: 182 ( ). Type locality: Uganda: Toro. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania? Habitat: Dense forest. 101

102 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) rattrayi rattrayi Sharpe, 1904 Euphaedra rattrayi Sharpe, Entomologist 37: 182 ( ). Type locality: Uganda: Toro. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu), Uganda (west Ruwenzori massif), Tanzania? Uganda Toro (TL); Bwamba (Stoneham, 1956); Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015).. Democratic Republic of Congo Ndibili (Stoneham, 1956). bwambaensis Stoneham, 1956 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (66): [2] ([3 pp.]). Uganda: Bwamba, W. Uganda ; [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Ndibili, E. Congo. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) rattrayi coeruleomaculata Hecq, 1991 Euphaedra rattrayi coeruleomaculata Hecq, Lambillionea 91 (3): 202 ( ). Type locality: Kenya: Malawa Forest, Kabras. Distribution: Kenya (west Kakamega district). Kenya Malawa Forest, Kabras (TL); Kakamega Forest (Stoneham, 1956). nigroextensa Stoneham, 1932 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (10): [2] ([3 pp.]). [Kenya]: Malawa Forest, Kabras. coeruleomaculata Stoneham, 1932 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (10): [2] ([3 pp.]). [Kenya]: Malawa Forest, Kabras. orientis Stoneham, 1932 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (10): [3] ([3 pp.]). [Kenya]: Malawa Forest, Kabras. subreducta Stoneham, 1956 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (66): [3] ([3 pp.]). Kenya: Kakamega, Kenya Colony. coerulefacies Stoneham, 1956 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (66): [3] ([3 pp.]). Kenya: Kakamega, Kenya Colony. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) rufobrunnea Stoneham, 1932 Euphaedra eleus f. rufobrunneus Stoneham, Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (10): [3] ([3 pp.]). Euphaedra rufobrunnea Stoneham, Hecq, 2012: 14. Status bona Type locality: [Kenya]: Malawa Forest, Kabras. Distribution: Kenya. Kenya Malawa Forest, Kabras (TL). 102

103 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) subferruginea Guillaumin, 1976 Euphaedra zampa subferruginea Guillaumin, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 81: 118 ( ). Type locality: Central African Republic: Bangui ; Democratic Republic of Congo: Oubangui-Chari. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ubangi). Central African Republic Bangui (TL). Democratic Republic of Congo Ubangi-Chari (Guillaumin, 1976). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) asteria Hecq, 1993 Euphaedra asteria Hecq, Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome II): 454 ( ). Type locality: Congo: Moyen Congo, Fort Rousset, V.1962, T.H.E. Jackson. Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Congo. Congo Fort Rousset (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) coprates (Druce, 1875) Romaleosoma coprates Druce, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875: 411 ( ). Type locality: Angola. Distribution: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (Bas-Zaire). Democratic Republic of Congo Kassai (Neustetter, 1916). Larval food: Allophyllus species (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. Phialodiscus species (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. moderata Neustetter, 1916 (as ab. of Euphaedra eleus). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 101 (95-108). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kassai. congoensis Schmidt, 1921 (as f. of Euphaedra eleus eleus). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 35: 46 (32-51). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kassai, Belg. Kongo. angustimarginata Schmidt, 1921 (as ssp. or f. of Euphaedra eleus). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 35: 44 (32-51). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kongo-Gebiet. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) amieti Hecq,

104 Euphaedra amieti Hecq, Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome II): 452 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroun, Béla 9-12.II.1989, J.-L. Amiet. Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Cameroon Bela (TL). Gabon Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sangbae Hecq, 1996 Euphaedra sangbae Hecq, Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 128 ( ). Type locality: Central African Republic: Rép. Centrafricaine, Réserve de la Sangba, X (J. Peeters). Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Central African Republic (north). Central African Republic Sangba Nature Reserve (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) zampa (Westwood, 1850) Green Orange Forester Romalaeosoma [sic] zampa Westwood, 1850 in Doubleday & Westwood, [ ]. The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: 284 (1: pp.; 2: pp.). London. Type locality: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana. Sierra Leone Kambui Hills (Belcastro, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Primary wet forest in good condition, especially where there is little undergrowth (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A scarce species with rather retiring habits, but which does come to fruit baits. The flight is powerful and it is a very wary insect (Larsen, 2005a). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ferruginea Staudinger, 1886 Ferruginous Orange Forester Euphaedra zampa var. ferruginea Staudinger, 1886 in Staudinger & Schatz, Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 149 (333 pp.). Bayern. Type locality: Nigeria: Alt-Calabar. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic (Noss, 1998). Nigeria Calabar (TL); Mbe Mountains, Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a; sight record). Cameroon Dengdeng (Gaede, 1916); Makak Station (Birket-Smith, 1960). Gabon Kongou (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). 104

105 Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Habitat: Forest. occidentalis Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Euphaedra eleus). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 111 ( , , ). Cameroon: Dengdeng, Neu-Kamerun. Given as a synonym of Euphaedra zampa (Westwood, 1850) in Ackery et al., 1995 but considered to (possibly) be a synonym of Euphaedra ferruginea Staudinger, 1886 by Larsen, 2005a: 433. erasmus Birket-Smith, 1960 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Bulletin de l Institut Français d Afrique Noire (A) 22: 946 ( , , ). Cameroon: Above the undergrowth in the primary forest at the river Nyong just south of Makak station, French Cameroons. Given as a synonym of Euphaedra ferruginea Staudinger, 1886 by Larsen, 2005a: 433. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ochracea Hecq, 1980 Euphaedra ochracea Hecq, Lambillionea 78: 62 (60-64). See also Hecq, Lambillionea 79: 76 (76-80). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Sankuru. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Equateur, Sankuru, north-east). Democratic Republic of Congo Sankuru (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) variabilis Guillaumin, 1976 Euphaedra zampa variabilis Guillaumin, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 81: 119 ( ). Type locality: Gabon: Ipassa, Makokou. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (central). Gabon Ipassa, Makokou (TL); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) semipreussiana Hecq, 1993 Korup Orange Forester Euphaedra eleus f. semipreussiana Wichgraf, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitung 1914: 350 ( ). Synonym of Euphaedra zampa (Westwood, 1850). Ackery et al., 1995: 416. Euphaedra semipreussiana Hecq, Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome II): 451 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Nigeria Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). 105

106 Habitat: Forest. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) bouyeri Hecq, 1993 Euphaedra bouyeri Hecq, Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome II): 454 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroun, Londji, 7.III.1992, Th Bouyer. Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Cameroon Londji (TL). Gabon Kangwe (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) cooksoni Druce, 1905 Euphaedra cooksoni Druce, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 16: 550 ( ). Euphaedra cooksoni. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 78mm. N.W. Zambia, Ikelenge, Sakeji School, 11 15'S; 24 18'E m. 2-V E. Townsend. (Newport Collection). Euphaedra cooksoni. Female. Left upperside; right underside. 106

107 Wingspan: 95mm. Zambia, N.W. Province, Isombu R m. 8-IX F.M. Kayombo. (Newport Collection). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo] not Zambia (see Cookson, 1954): N.E. Rhodesia. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Tanzania, Zambia. Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Sakeji School, Ikelenge (male illustrated above); Isombu River (female illustrated above). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) katangensis Talbot, 1927 Euphaedra cooksoni katangensis Talbot, Revue Zoologique Africaine 15: 268 ( ). Euphaedra katangensis Talbot, Heath et al., 2002: 69 (on the opinion of Hecq). Euphaedra katangensis Talbot, Hecq, 2012: 14. Status bona Euphaedra katangensis. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 72mm. N.W. Zambia, Ikelenge, Sakeji School, 11 15S'; 24 18E' m. 4.IV E. Townsend. (Newport Collection). Euphaedra katangensis. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 90mm. Zambia, N.W. Province, Hillwood Farm, 11 15S'; 24 18E' m. 31.III E. Townsend. (Newport Collection). 107

108 Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Katanga, Lengi; Kafakumba; Kinda; Elizabethville; Sandoa. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia. Democratic Republic of Congo Lengi, Katanga (TL); Kafakumba (Talbot, 1927); Kinda (Talbot, 1927); Elizabethville (Talbot, 1927); Sandoa (Talbot, 1927). Zambia Sakeji School, Ikelenge (male illustrated above); Hillwood Farm, Ikelenge (female illustrated above). Note: Treated as a good species by Heath et al. (2002: 69) on the opinion of Hecq but not formally removed from synonymy with Euphaedra cooksoni. Raised to species level by Hecq (2012: 14). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) nigrobasalis Joicey & Talbot, 1921 Euphaedra eleus nigrobasalis Joicey & Talbot, Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 67 (40-166). Euphaedra nigrobasalis. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 69mm. Zilo, Katanga. 15 June 69. Dr V. Allard. (Henning collection H245). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Panda River, Lufira Valley, S.E. Congo. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia (north). Democratic Republic of Congo Panda River, Lufira Valley (TL); Zilo, Katanga (male illustrated above). Zambia Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Mpongwe (Heath et al., 2002); Lunzua Falls, Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Primary forest (Heath et al., 2002). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) upemba Overlaet, 1955 Euphaedra coprates upemba Overlaet, Exploration du Parc National de l Upemba 27: 40 (1-106). Synonym of Euphaedra nigrobasalis Joicey & Talbot, Ackery et al., 1995: 411. Euphaedra nigrobasalis upemba Overlaet, Hecq, 1997:

109 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) upemba Overlaet, Hecq, 2012: 14. Status bona Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Mubale. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo Mubale (TL). Larval food: Nothing publiahed *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) confina Hecq, 1992 Euphaedra confina Hecq, Lambillionea 92 (3): 227, 228 ( ). Type locality: Tanzania: Nyakanazi, Biharamulo Distr., 1200 m. Diagnosis: Differs from Euphaedra castanoides in being darker, from Euphaedra nigrobasalis in having the forewing cell entirely red, and from Euphaedra simplex in the forewing subapical band being wider. The hindwing upperside differs from the other species in having the blue spots in the marginal black band placed nearer to the red disc (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Tanzania (north-west). Tanzania near Nyakanazi, Biharamulo District (TL). Known only from the vicinity of the type locality (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Habitat: Riparian forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) castanoides Hecq, 1985 Chestnut Orange Forester Euphaedra castanoides Hecq, Lambillionea 85: 10 (7-15). Type locality: Tanzania: Tanzanie, W. lac. Tanganyika. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Ethiopia. Habitat: Forests. In Tanzania the nominate subspecies flies at altitudes from 300 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Larval food:? Sapindaceae [Kielland, 1990d: 119]. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) castanoides castanoides Hecq, 1985 Euphaedra castanoides Hecq, Lambillionea 85: 10 (7-15). Type locality: Tanzania: Tanzanie, W. lac. Tanganyika. Distribution: Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Tanzania. Tanzania Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Gombe (Kielland, 1990d); Sanje (Kielland, 1990d); Kilombero Valley (Kielland, 1990d); Sali in Ulanga District (Kielland, 1990d);?Tanga Region (Kielland, 1990d). 109

110 Note: Larsen (2005a) suggests that the populations in Cameroon might more properly belong to gashaka. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) castanoides deficiens Hecq, 1997 Euphaedra castanoides deficiens Hecq, Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 111 (1-117). Type locality: Ethiopia: West, Didessa River. Distribution: Ethiopia. Ethiopia Didessa River (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) gashaka Hecq, 1996 Euphaedra castanoides gashaka Hecq, Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 128 ( ). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) gashaka Hecq, Hecq, 2012: 13. Status bona Type locality: Nigeria: G.N. Park, Kpaa, X.1994 (D. Knoop). Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria (Mambilla Plateau). Nigeria Gashaka-Gumpti National Park (TL). Note: It is possible that gashaka is a distinct species (Larsen, 2005a). Raised to species level by Hecq (2012: 13). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) orientalis Rothschild, 1898 Orange Forester Euphaedra eleus orientalis Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicae 5: 97 (96-102). Euphaedra orientalis Rothschild, Dickson & Kroon, Euphaedra orientalis Rothschild, Pringle et al., 1994: 105. Alternative common name: Fig Eater. Type locality: [Tanzania]: Mikindani, German East Africa. Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania (east), Malawi, Mozambique (north coast, to Beira), Zimbabwe (east). Kenya Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Mrima Hill (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Mikindani (TL); Geita, near Mwanza (Stoneham, 1956); Usambaras (Kielland, 1990d); Rondo Plateau (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa Rift (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); North Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d). Mozambique Amatongas (Pringle et al., 1994); Xiluvo (Cookson). Zimbabwe Witchwood Valley (Barnes and Pennington; single record); Meikle s Jungle in Mutare (Lannin; single record); Mount Selinda (Quirk; single record). Habitat: Dense forest. In Tanzania from near sea-level to altitudes of m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Both sexes are attracted by fermenting bananas and ripe wild figs on the forest floor. They sometimes emerge from dense forest to settle on the ground on forest paths or roads; if disturbed they immediately return to dark of the forest (Pringle et al., 1994). The wing pattern and colouring resembles some [probably toxic] day-flying moths (Larsen, 1991c). 110

111 Flight period: Probably flies all year (Pringle et al., 1994). Larval food: Blighia unijugata Baker (syn. Phialodiscus unijugatus Radlk., syn. zambesiacus Bak.) (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. Phoenix reclinata Jacq. (Arecaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 120]. nguruensis Stoneham, 1956 (as ssp. of Euphaedra eleus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (66): [1] ([3 pp.]). [Tanzania]: Geita, near Mwanza, northern Tanganyika Territory. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) murphyi Hecq, 1991 Euphaedra murphyi Hecq, Lambillionea 91 (1): 28 (28-29). Type locality: Malawi: Chisasira ft, Chintechi L.. Described from a single specimen. Distribution: Malawi. Malawi Chisasira Ft., Chintechi L. (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) edwardsii (van der Hoeven, 1845) Edwards Forester Perching males of Edwards Forester (Euphaedra edwardsii edwardsii). Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, Image courtesy Raimund Schutte. Nymphalis (Aterica) edwardsii van der Hoeven, Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedensis en Physiologie 12: 251 ( ). Type locality: [Guinea]: kust van Guinea. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Habitat: A wide ecological tolerance, from wet forest to almost open country (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common butterfly, though not usually numerous (Larsen, 2005a). Larval food: Lecaniodiscus cupanoides Planch. (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast]. 111

112 Note: The eastern populations may represent an undescribed subspecies (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) edwardsii edwardsii (van der Hoeven, 1845) Nymphalis (Aterica) edwardsii van der Hoeven, Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedensis en Physiologie 12: 251 ( ). Type locality: [Guinea]: kust van Guinea. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Ghana Ashanti (Doubleday, 1948); Aburi (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin Noyau Central, Lama Forest (Fermon et al., 2001). Cameroon Korup (Lees, 1989). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996); Kibale Forest (R. Schutte, unpub., 2014). pratinas Doubleday, 1848 in Doubleday & Westwood, [ ] (as sp. of Romaleosoma). The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: pl. 38 [1848], 284 [1850] (1: pp.; 2: pp.). London. Ghana: Ashanti. viridis Suffert, 1904 (as ssp. of Euphaedra edwardsi). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 111 ( ). Togo. clarus Aurivillius, 1912 in Seitz, (as ab. of Euphaedra edwardsi). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 189 (614 pp.). Congo region. clarus d Abrera, 1980 (as ssp. of Euphaedra edwardsi). Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 342 (593 pp.). Melbourne. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) edwardsii langoueensis Oremans, 2010 Euphaedra edwardsii langoueensis Oremans, Saturnafrica 6: 35 (33-37). Type locality: Gabon:. Distribution: Gabon. Gabon Rabi (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ruspina (Hewitson, 1865) Common Orange Forester Romalaeosoma [sic] ruspina Hewitson, 1865 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 35 (124 pp.). London. 112

113 Euphaedra ruspina ruspina. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 68mm. Angola. (Transvaal Museum TM3599). Type locality: Nigeria: Old Calabar. Distribution: Ghana (Volta Region), Togo, Nigeria (south), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west), Tanzania (north-west), Zambia. Habitat: Forest, including somewhat degraded habitats (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common species that mimics day-flying moths such as Aletis helcita (Geometridae), Phaegorista similis (Hypsidae), Heraclia poggei (Agaristidae), Weymeria athenae (Agaristidae) and Oethrodea papilionaris (Lasiocampidae) (Larsen, 2005a). Like its moth models ruspina has a slow, floating flight (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ruspina ruspina (Hewitson, 1865) Romalaeosoma [sic] ruspina Hewitson, 1865 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 35 (124 pp.). London. Euphaedra ruspina ruspina. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 68mm. Angola. (Transvaal Museum TM3599). Type locality: Nigeria: Old Calabar. Distribution: Ghana (Volta Region), Togo, Nigeria (south), Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (west), Tanzania (north-west), Zambia. 113

114 Nigeria Old Calabar (TL). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ruspina magnamacula Oremans, 2010 Euphaedra ruspina magnamacula Oremans, Saturnafrica 6: 35 (33-37). Type locality: Gabon:. Distribution: Gabon. Gabon Probably throughout (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) perseis (Drury, 1773) Perseis Mimic Forester Papilio perseis Drury, Illustrations of Natural History 2: index et 37 (90 pp.). London. Type locality: Sierra Leone: Sierra Leon. Distribution: Guinea (Conakry), Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana (west). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Habitat: Wet forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A scarce species that is an excellent mimic of a day-flying moth (Xanthospilopteryx species according to Schultze) (Larsen, 2005a). Both the facies and the flight pattern are extraordinarily similar to that of its moth model. Both sexes are readily attracted to fallen fruit but even then they are very wary (Larsen, 2005a). pseudeleus Hall, 1935 (as ab. of Euphaedra perseis). Entomologist 68: 223 ( ). Sierra Leone. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce (Cramer, 1777) Common Blue-banded Forester 114

115 Perching males of the common Blue-banded Forester (Euphaedra harpalyce spatiosa). Kibale Forest, Uganda. October, Image courtesy Raimund Schutte. Papilio harpalyce Cramer, Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America 2: 78 (151 pp.). Amsteldam & Utrecht. Euphaedra harpalyce harpalyce. Female (Wingspan 90 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Ghana: la côte d or ; Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia. Records from Senegal are erroneous (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Lowland forest and riparian forest; also in secondary forest (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania the nominate subspecies is found at altitudes from 800 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A common species (Larsen, 2005a). The flight is strong, low down and often sustained (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes are strongly attracted to fermenting fruit (Kielland, 1990d). Larval food: Allophylus species (Sapindaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 121]. Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig (Sapindaceae) [Vuattoux & Blandin, 1979; Ivory Coast]. Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318; as Phialodiscus unijugatus Radikofer (= zambesiacus Baker)]. Deinbollia fulvo-tomentella Baker f. (Sapindaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 121]. 115

116 Lecaniodiscus cupanoides Planch. (Sapindaceae) [Hecq & Vuattoux, 1989; Ivory Coast]. Paullinia pinnata L. (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 318]. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce harpalyce (Cramer, 1777) Papilio harpalyce Cramer, Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America 2: 78 (151 pp.). Amsteldam & Utrecht. Euphaedra harpalyce harpalyce. Female (Wingspan 90 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Ghana: la côte d or ; Sierra Leone. Distribution: Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Fermon et al., 2001), Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin Noyau Central, Lama Forest (Fermon et al., 2001). lakuma Butler, 1870 (as sp. of Romaleosoma). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1870: 123 ( ). Ghana: Gold Coast. Treated as a valid subspecies by d Abrera, Larsen (2005a) states that lakuma is just a form with a well developed yellow subapical band. fasciata Staudinger, 1886 in Staudinger & Schatz, (as var. of Euphaedra harpalyce). Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 150 (333 pp.). Bayern.? Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce spatiosa (Mabille, 1876) Romaleosoma spatiosa Mabille, Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 1: 278 ( , ). 116

117 Euphaedra harpalyce spatiosa. Male (Wingspan 80 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Mpanga Forest, Uganda. 13 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Angola: Landana. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (except Shaba), Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Cameroon Bipindi (Bartel, 1905). Gabon Practically throughout (van de Weghe, 2010). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Angola Landana (TL). Uganda Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996). Tanzania From Mpanda to Ugandan border (Kielland, 1990d). impunctata Bartel, 1905 (as ab. of Euphaedra losinga). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 143 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun (Bipindi, Urwaldweg). saphirina Neustetter, 1927 (as ab. of Euphaedra spatiosa). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 15 (7-8, 14-16, 23-24, 32). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce vana Hecq, 1991 Euphaedra harpalyce (spatiosa) vana Hecq, Lambillionea 91 (3): 200 ( ). Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce serena Talbot, 1928 Euphaedra harpalyce serena Talbot, Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 2: 230 ( ). 117

118 Euphaedra harpalyce serena. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 91mm. Hillwood Farm, Ikelenge, Zambia. 29 December, A.J. Gardiner. (Gardiner Collection). Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Katanga: Chibobe. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Zambia. Democratic Republic of Congo Chibobe, Katanga (TL). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Nzombu River, Mwinilunga District (Heath et al., 2002); Hillwood Farm, Ikelenge (female illustrated above). bipunctata Dufrane, 1933 (as ab. of Euphaedra spatiosa). Lambillionea 33: 165 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Congo Belge. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce sudanensis Talbot, 1929 Euphaedra harpalyce sudanensis Talbot, Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 3: 73 (72-77). Type locality: Sudan: S.E. Sudan, Imatong Mountains and Opare Forest, 8,000-10,000 feet. Distribution: Sudan (south), Uganda (north). Sudan Imatong Mountains (TL); Opare Forest (Talbot, 1929). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce evanescens Hecq, 1995 Euphaedra harpalyce evanescens Hecq, Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome II): 110 ( ). Type locality: Nigeria: Gashaka National Park, Mayo Dim, 500 m, D. Knoop. Holotype in MRAC, Tervuren. Distribution: Nigeria (Mambilla Plateau). Known only from the type locality. Nigeria Gashaka-Gumpti National Park (TL). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) harpalyce dowsetti Hecq,

119 Euphaedra harpalyce dowsetti Hecq, Lambillionea 90 (3): 35 (35-36). Type locality: Rwanda: Forêt de Nyungwe. Distribution: Rwanda. Rwanda Nyungwe Forest (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eupalus (Fabricius, 1781) Western Blue-banded Forester Papilio eupalus Fabricius, Species Insectorum 2: 54 (499 pp.). Hamburgi & Kilonii. Euphaedra eupalus. Male (Wingspan 78 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Africa aequinoctiali. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo. Guinea near Conakry (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Habitat: Wet forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Much scarcer than the closely-related Euphaedra harpalyce (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes come to fallen fruit (Larsen, 2005a). erithonius Fabricius, 1787 (as sp. of Papilio). Mantissa Insectorum 2: 11 (382 pp.). Hafniae. Africa. swanzyana Butler, 1868 (as sp. of Euryphene). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868: 222 ( ). Ghana: Gold Coast. 119

120 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) luafa Oremans, 1998 Euphaedra luafa Oremans, Entomologia Africana 3 (1): 39 (39-40). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kuluboku, Lukolela Yahuma, Mbandaka. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo Kuluboku (TL); Lukolela Yahuma (Oremans, 1998); Mbandaka (Oremans, 1998). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) losinga (Hewitson, 1864) Dark Brown Forester Romalaeosoma [sic] losinga Hewitson, 1864 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 34 (124 pp.). London. Type locality: Congo. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo. Records from west of Nigeria are erroneous (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Mainly forest in good condition but also in secondary growth with a closed canopy (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A relatively common species (Larsen, 2005a). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) losinga losinga (Hewitson, 1864) Romalaeosoma [sic] losinga Hewitson, 1864 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 34 (124 pp.). London. Type locality: Congo. Distribution: Nigeria, Central African Republic (south), Democratic Republic of Congo (central; north). Nigeria Obudu Plateau (St Leger, 1989); Gashaka-Gumpti (Larsen, 2005a). 120

121 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) losinga wardi (Druce, 1874) Romaleosoma wardi Druce, Cistula Entomologica 1: 286 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroons. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (west). Nigeria Olokemeji (Larsen, 2005a); Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Lagos area (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Mondah (van de Weghe, 2010); Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Equatorial Guinea San Carlos, Bioko (Schultze, 1920). johnstoni Butler, 1888 (as sp. of Euphaedra). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887: 569 ( ). Cameroon: Cameroons and the Rio del Rey. janthina Schultze, 1920 (as ab. of Euphaedra wardi). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika- Expedition 1 (14): 744 ( ). Equatorial Guinea: Fernando-Po: San Carlos. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) losinga limita Hecq, 1978 Euphaedra losinga limita Hecq, Lambillionea 78: 4 (2-5). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Lulua, Kapanga. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba, Kasai). Democratic Republic of Congo Kapanga, Lulua (TL); Bopoto (Hecq, 1978). arcana Hecq, 1978 (as ssp. of Euphaedra losinga). Lambillionea 78: 5 (2-5). Democratic Republic of Congo: Upper Congo, Bopoto. Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) losinga knoopi Hecq, 1988 Euphaedra losinga knoopi Hecq, Lambillionea 88: 144 ( ). Type locality: Nigeria: Ilaro forest. Distribution: Nigeria. Nigeria Ilaro Forest (TL). Note: Larsen (2005a: 435) considers subspecies knoopi Hecq, 1988 to be a synonym of subspecies wardi (Druce, 1874) but does not officially sink it. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) temeraria Hecq,

122 Euphaedra temeraria Hecq, Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 28 (22-28). Euphaedra temerraria Hecq, Van de Weghe, 2010: 305 [misspelling of species name] Type locality: Gabon:. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea, Gabon. Gabon Kiomba (van de Weghe, 2010); Mikongo (van de Weghe, 2010). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) viridirupta Hecq, 2007 Euphaedra viridirupta Hecq, Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 22 (22-28). Type locality: Cameroon:. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) normalis Staudinger, 1891 Euphaedra aberrans var.? ab.? normalis Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 128 (61-157). Euphaedra normalis Staudinger, Hecq, Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 22 (22-28). Type locality: Sierra Leone: Sierra Leone. Distribution: Sierra Leone. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) eshu Pyrcz & Lorenc, 2011 Euphaedra (Euphydrana) eshu Pyrcz & Lorenc, Pyrcz et al., Genus (Wroclaw) 22 (4): 623 ( ). Type locality: Nigeria:. Distribution: Nigeria. *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) yemalla Pyrcz & Lorenc, 2011 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) yemalla Pyrcz & Lorenc, Pyrcz et al., Genus (Wroclaw) 22 (4): 627 ( ). Type locality: Nigeria:. Distribution: Nigeria. 122

123 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceramica Hecq, 1991 Euphaedra nigrobasalis ceramica Hecq, Lambillionea 91 (3): 202 ( ). Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) ceramica Hecq, Hecq, 2012: 14. Status bona Type locality: Malawi: Chinteche, Chisasira Ft ft.. Distribution: Malawi. Malawi Chisasira Ft., Chinteche (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) elegans Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) elegans Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 14 (11-22). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo:. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) festiva Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) festiva Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22). Type locality: Congo Republic:. Distribution: Congo Republic. Congo Republic (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) fusca Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) fusca Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 15 (11-22). Type locality: Nigeria:. Distribution: Nigeria. Nigeria (TL). 123

124 *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) incognita Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) incognita Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 15 (11-22). Type locality:?:. Distribution:?.? (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) languens Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) languens Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo:. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) lequeuxiana Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) lequeuxiana Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22). Type locality: Uganda:. Distribution: Uganda. Uganda (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) minima Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) minima Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22). Type locality: Cameroon:. Distribution: Cameroon. Cameroon (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) obsolescens Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) obsolescens Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22). 124

125 Type locality: Zambia:. Distribution: Zambia. Zambia (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) obtura Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) obtura Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22). Type locality: Cameroon:. Distribution: Cameroon. Cameroon (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) plena Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) plena Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22). Type locality: Zambia:. Distribution: Zambia. Zambia (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) shaba Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) shaba Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo:. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Democratic Republic of Congo (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sufflavus Hecq, 2012 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) sufflavus Hecq, Lambillionea 112 (1): 16 (11-22). Type locality: Uganda:. Distribution: Uganda. 125

126 Uganda (TL). *Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) elongata Hecq, 2002 Euphaedra (Euphaedrana) elongata Hecq, 2002.? Type locality:?:. Distribution:?? (TL). Subgenus Neophronia Hecq, 1985 Lambillionea 85: 7 (7-15). Type-species: Romaleosoma neophron Hopffer, by monotypy. *Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron (Hopffer, 1855)# Gold-banded Forester Gold-banded Forester (Euphaedra neophron). Left Male (Lake Sibaya). Centre Female (Manguzi Forest). Right Female underside. Images courtesy Steve Woodhall. Romaleosoma neophron Hopffer, Berichte über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1855: 640 ( ). Euphaedra neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Euphaedra neophron Hopffer. Swanepoel, 1953a. Euphaedra neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Dickson & Kroon, Euphaedra neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Pringle et al., 1994:

127 Euphaedra neophron neophron. Male (Wingspan 60 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 12 May M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection. Euphaedra neophron neophron. Female (Wingspan 70 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 12 May M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection. Type locality: Mozambique: Mossambique. Distribution: Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa. Habitat: Lowland to submontane forest and coastal bush. In Tanzania the nominate subspecies occurs from sea-level to 1 100m; subspecies kiellandi from 400 to 600 m; subspecies littoralis from 400 to m (Kielland, 1990d); subspecies violaceae from 660 to m (Cordeiro, 1995). Habits: A common species that flies in the shade, just above ground level, frequently perching on the ground with open wings. Occasionally it may perch on leaves up to a metre above ground level (Larsen, 1991c). The flight is fast and gliding, often down paths and roads through thick bush. Both sexes are attracted to fermenting bananas and fallen figs and have also been seen feeding from fermenting sugar cane stalks (Pringle et al., 1994). They do not normally enter baited traps suspended much above ground level (Turlin, vide Larsen, 1991c). Flight period: Most months of the year (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Van Someren, 1935: 60. This species lays its eggs in groups or singly, on either the upper or underside of the leaves; sometimes on the flowering stem. The eggs are creamy to yellow with a decided pearly lustre when fresh laid, but they turn greyish, then almost black just before the larva emerges. The egg stage lasts about seven days. In shape the egg is domed, ornamented with hexagonal facets which are depressed and between the facets are spines. When the larva emerges it is somewhat transparent, of a greyish colour with a black head and adorned with lateral branched spines which are clear and transparent and hardly noticeable. No dorsal ornamentation is present until the third moult when a pink band appears on segment 6 and a pink spot outlined in blue is apparent on segment 2. With each successive 127

128 moult, the colour becomes more green. The mature larva is sage-green with darker green bands along the anterior and posterior edges of each segment and each has a dark central spot. There are two blackish spots on the dorsum of segment 2 on either side of the pink, and a long oval pinkish spot on segment 6. The lateral feathery spines are long, circa 10 mm, translucent greenish, and brownish at the tips with just a touch of blackish on the three pairs at the anal end. Each spine is adorned with numerous fine lateral spines, but the feathering is not so wide in this species as in E. spatiosa Mabille. The feathery spines of the first two segments are held in a forward position to cover the head; the lateral ones are contiguous and form a flat feathery border around the body, and lie in contact with the surface of the leaf on which the insect is resting. The usual position taken up is along the midrib of the leaf. The mature larva is 55 mm in length, including the spines. When ready to pupate, the larva turns translucent and indication of the dorsal marks vanishes. The larva curls ventrally after spinning a pad of silk to which it attaches its hind suctorial legs. It hangs suspended for roughly twelve hours before it actually pupates and the larval skin is shed. The skin is pushed off and closely compressed so that it eventually has the appearance of a feathery star. The pupa is characteristic of the group. The colour is pale translucent apple-green. The head is strongly bifid, the two projections are golden with black tips. From the dorsal aspect the thorax and wing cases form a long wedge with slight projection at the shoulders of the wings, and from the edge of the wing cases the abdominal segments are sharply truncated toward the cremaster. The dorsal aspect of the abdominal segments up to the edge of the third segment rises abruptly to a peak, to be followed by a slight depression over the fourth and fifth segments, followed again by another rise which slopes to the cremaster. The dorsal ornamentation is as follows: a golden spot at the wing shoulders ; two large golden spots outlined in black at midpoint between the head and the lateral angles; a heart-shaped golden spot at a point corresponding to the tip of the thorax; two large oval golden spots outlined with black at the angles of the wing and the abdomen, with a bluntly crescentic spot at the apex of the abdominal segments carrying a rounded projection on its concave edge; this is also golden and outlined with black. There is a further triangular golden mark at the centre of the dorsum of segment 7. The cremaster is stalked, with two rounded projections laterally on the last and penultimate segments. On the ventral aspect the only marks are blackish streaks on the midpoint of the wing cases. At the coast, the pupal stage lasts three weeks. Henning, S., Migdoll, Euphaedra neophron neophron egg (left) and larva (right). Images courtesy Steve Woodhall (left) and Bart Wursten (right). Larval food: Allophylus species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 310]. Blighia unijugata Baker (Sapindaceae) [Bampton, in Pringle et al., 1994: 105]. Deinbollia borbonica Scheff. (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1935: 61]. Deinbollia kilimandsharica Taub. (Sapindaceae) [Van Someren, 1935: 61]. Deinbollia oblongifolia (E.Mey. ex Arn.) Radlk. (Sapindaceae) [Pringle et al., 1994: 105]. Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius Baker (Sapindaceae) [Paré, in Pringle et al., 1994: 105]. Pappea capensis Eckl. & Zeyh. (Sapindaceae) [Kroon, 1999]. Paullinia species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 310]. Phialodiscus species (Sapindaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 310]. 128

129 Trichoscypha ulugurensis Mildbr. (Anacardiaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 68]. Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron neophron (Hopffer, 1855)# Romaleosoma neophron Hopffer, Berichte über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1855: 640 ( ). Euphaedra neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Euphaedra neophron Hopffer. Swanepoel, 1953a. Euphaedra neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Dickson & Kroon, Euphaedra neophron neophron (Hopffer, 1855). Pringle et al., 1994: 105. Euphaedra neophron neophron. Male (Wingspan 60 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 12 May M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection. Euphaedra neophron neophron. Female (Wingspan 70 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 12 May M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection. Type locality: Mozambique: Mossambique. Distribution: Tanzania (south-east), Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (east), South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal). Tanzania Rondo Plateau near Lindi (Kielland, 1990d); Songea (Madaba) (Kielland, 1990d); Tukuyu (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Mikumi (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa Rift (Kielland, 1990d); Rubeho Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Kitonga Gorge (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi Mt Mulanje (Congdon et al., 2010); Zomba Mountain (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia Lower Luangwa Valley (Heath et al., 2002); mid Zambezi Valley (Heath et al., 2002). 129

130 Mozambique Mt Inago (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mecula [ ] (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013). Zimbabwe Mutare (Pringle et al., 1994); Sabi Valley (Pringle et al., 1994); Mana Pools (Hancock); Mucharara River, below Kariba town (Paré); Mount Selinda (male illustrated above). KwaZulu-Natal St Lucia Bay (Swanepoel, 1953); False Bay (Swanepeol, 1953); Dhlinza Forest, Eshowe (Pringle et al., 1994); Dukuduku Forest (Engelbrecht); Emanguzi (Pringle et al., 1994); Sodwana Bay (Pringle et al., 1994); Lake Sibaya (Pringle et al., 1994); Kosi Bay Nature Reserve (Pringle et al., 1994); Tembe Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Ndumo Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002). zambesia Felder & Felder, 1867 in Felder & Felder, [1865-7] (as sp. of Romalaeosoma [sic]). Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 430 (549 pp.). Wien. Africa Meridionalis: Zambesi. Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron littoralis Talbot, 1929 Euphaedra neophron littoralis Talbot, 1929 in Eltringham et al., Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 77: 486 ( ). Type locality: [Kenya]: Rabai. Diagnosis: Upperside of wings violet-blue; forewing subapical orange band broad; apical patch ochre (male) or whitish (female); hind wing with pale, more or less pronounced, postdiscal markings (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania (north-east). Kenya Rabai (TL); coastal forests (Larsen, 1991c); Teita Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Mount Sagala (Larsen, 1991c); Gedi Ruins (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); South Pare Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Semdoe Forest Reserve (Doggart et al., 2001). Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron violaceae (Butler, 1888) Euryphene violaceae Butler, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888: 91 (91-98). Type locality: [Tanzania]: Slopes of Kilima-njaro, feet. Diagnosis: Upperside of wings brownish-violet; distal margin of forewing and large apical patch are brownish ochre (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Kenya (south), Tanzania (north). Kenya Taveta area (Larsen, 1991c); Kasigau (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Mount Kilimanjaro (TL); Mount Meru (Kielland, 1990d); North Pare Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Rau Groundwater Forest Reserve, Moshi (Cordeiro, 1995); Kahe Forest Reserve (Cordeiro, 1995). Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron kiellandi Hecq, 1985 Euphaedra neophron kiellandi Hecq, Lambillionea 85: 8 (7-15). Type locality: Tanzania: Tanzanie, Ifakara, Musagabi. Diagnosis: Upperside of wings with a brownish-violet colour, as in subspecies violaceae but forewing band 130

131 much broader (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Tanzania (south). Tanzania Musagabi, Ifakara (TL); Masagati Forest, south of Ifakara (Kielland, 1990d). Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron rydoni Howarth, 1969 Euphaedra neophron rydoni Howarth, Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 151 ( ). Euphaedra neophron rydoni. Female (Wingspan 58 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Jozani Forest, Zanzibar, Tanzania. 3 January J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Tanzania: Pemba Island. Diagnosis: Upperside of wings in both sexes violet, with a blotchy appearance (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Tanzania (Pemba Island). Tanzania Pemba Island (TL); Ngezi Forest on Pemba Island (Kielland, 1990d). Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron ellenbecki Pagenstrecher, 1902 Euphaedra ellenbecki Pagenstecher, Jahrbuch des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde 55: 147 ( ). Type locality: Somalia: Umfudu; Evar. Diagnosis: The ground colour differs from all the other subspecies of this taxon in that it is golden brown, with no hint of blue or violet (Larsen, 1991c). Distribution: Somalia (south), Kenya (northern coast, and lower reaches of Tana, Juba and Webi Shebeli rivers). Somalia Umfudu (TL); Evar (Pagenstecher, 1902). Kenya Garissa (Larsen, 1991c); Garsen (Larsen, 1991c); Witu (Larsen, 1991c). Euphaedra (Neophronia) neophron meruensis van Someren, 1935 Euphaedra neophron meruensis van Someren, Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 63 (59-89). 131