Genus Telchinia Hübner, [1819] Subgenus Telchinia Hübner, [1819]

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1 Genus Telchinia Hübner, [1819] In: Hübner, [1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge (2): 27 ( pp.). Augsburg. Type species: Papilio serena Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation (Scudder, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: ). = Hyalites Doubleday, 1848: 140 (lycia = encedon). = Gnesia Doubleday, 1848: 141 (circeis so is Hyalites a synonym?). = Pareba Doubleday, 1848: 142 (vesta = issoria). Peneleos Acraea (Telchinia peneleos pelasgius). Image courtesy Jeremy Dobson. Subgenus Telchinia Hübner, [1819] In: Hübner, [1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge (2): 27 ( pp.). Augsburg. Type species: Papilio serena Fabricius, 1775, by subsequent designation (Scudder, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: ). An Afrotropical subgenus of 71 species. *Telchinia (Telchinia) acerata (Hewitson, 1874) Small Yellow-banded Acraea Acraea acerata Hewitson, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 13: 381 ( ). Acraea acerata Hewitson, Dickson & Kroon, Hyalites (Hyalites) acerata (Hewitson, 1874). Pringle et al., 1994: 78. Telchinia acerata (Hewitson, 1874). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia (Telchinia) acerata (Hewitson, 1874). Henning & Williams, 2010: 23. 1

2 Telchinia acerata. Male (Wingspan 35 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 35 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia acerata. Female (Wingspan 38 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 38 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Alternative common name: Falls Acraea. Type locality: [Ghana]: Between Mansu and the River Prah. Diagnosis: Both sexes show colour and pattern variation (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (north-west), Botswana (north), Namibia (north). Ghana Between Mansu and the River Prah (TL); near Cape Coast (Larsen, 2005a). Benin Lokoli (Tchibozo et al., 2008). Nigeria Kaduna (Larsen, 2005a). Niger Timbuctu (Le Cerf, 1927). Cameroon Viktorai (Suffert, 1904); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Practically throughout (van de Weghe, 2010). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Rwanda Mohasi-See (Grunberg, 1911); Kigali (Larsen, 2005a). Kenya Voi (Le Cerf, 1927); Teita Hills (Le Cerf, 1927); Kibwezi (Larsen, 1991c); Nairobi (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Very common in the western parts; less common in the east and north (Kielland, 1990d); Taveta (Rogenhofer, 1891); Burigsee (Strand, 1913); Katavi National Park (Fitzherbert et al., 2006). Malawi Mt Mulanje (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia Victoria Falls (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique Posto de Catandica (Pringle et al., 1994). Zimbabwe Victoria Falls (Carcasson and Mitton); Honde Valley (Chitty); Pungwe Bridge (Paré). Botswana Shakawe (T. Liversedge vide Pinhey); Kasane (Pinhey); Muhembo (T. Liversedge vide Larsen, 1991l). Namibia Okavango River, Ovamboland (Van Son, 1963); Kankumba isle (R.D. Stephen; male illustrated above); Rundu (Pennington); Outschi (Pennington); Katima Mulilo (Ficq). Habitat: Mainly in disturbed areas in the forest zone (Larsen, 2005a). Usually near water (Heath et al., 2002) or in riverine bush (Pringle et al., 1994). In Tanzania it is found at altitudes from 800 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Sometimes uncommon but abundant following periodic population irruptions (Larsen, 1991c). The flight is weak and close to the ground (Larsen, 1991c; Pringle et al., 1994). It is a well known pest of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) (Kielland, 1990d; Azeferegne et al., 2001) and may also be a pest on 2

3 cucurbits (Larsen, 1991c). Migratory behaviour was observed in Kigali, Rwanda by Larsen (1991). Flight period: Probably all year (Van Son, 1963). Early stages: Van Someren & Rogers, 1926: 83. Eggs are laid in bunches or groups on the underside of the leaves of a species of Solanum. The newlyemerged larva is a greyish yellow or green, becoming pale greenish in the third stage, with the spines of first two and last three segments blackish or brownish; the remainder yellowish; lateral body line yellowish; head brownish with black inverted V in centre. Pupa white or creamy with usual black lines and dots. Larsen, [egg]. Jiggins et al., Eggs are laid in a single layer, with the individual eggs touching one another. The mean clutch size was 165 (n=20). Larval food: Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 149; as Ipomoea repens]. Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae) (sweet potato; exotic) [Van Someren, 1974: 323]. Ipomoea cairica (Convolvulaceae) [Azerefegne & Solbreck, 2010; in captivity]. Ipomoea garckeana Vatke (Convolvulaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 44; as Ipomoea whytei (= whyteana Rendle)]. Ipomoea obscura (Convolvulaceae) [Azerefegne & Solbreck, 2010; Ethiopia]. Ipomoea species (Convolvulaceae) [Larsen, 2005a; Oban Hills, Nigeria]. Ipomoea tenuirostris (Convolvulaceae) [Azerefegne & Solbreck, 2010; Ethiopia]. Lepistemon owariense (P.Beauv.) Hallier f. (Convolvulaceae) [Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978; Ivory Coast]. Merremia hederacea (Burm.f.) Hallier f. (Convolvulaceae) [Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978; Ivory Coast]. Passiflora species (Passifloraceae) [Ackery et al., 1995]. Solanum species (Solanaceae) [Van Someren & Rogers, 1926: 83]. Vernonia species (Asteraceae) [Ackery et al., 1995]. Zea species? (Poaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 149]. vinidia Hewitson, 1874 (as sp. of Acraea). Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 11: 130 ( ). Angola. Treated as a synonym of Acraea acerata by Bernaud, tenella Rogenhofer, 1891 (as sp. of Acraea [Telchinia]). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 6: 457 ( ). Tanzania: Taveta. Treated as a synonym of Acraea acerata by Bernaud, abbotti Holland, 1892 (as sp. of Acraea). Entomologist (Supplement) 25: 89 (89-95). Eastern Africa. Treated as a synonym of Acraea acerata by Bernaud, 2009 (and spelt as abbottii). brahmsi Suffert, 1904 (as sp. of Acraea). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 15 (12-107). Cameroon: Viktoria, Camerun. Treated as a synonym of Acraea acerata by Bernaud, diavina Suffert, 1904 (as ssp. of Acraea vinidia). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 31 (12-107). Cameroon: Viktoria, Camerun. Treated as a synonym of Acraea acerata by Bernaud, pullula Grünberg, 1911 (as sp. of Acraea). Wissenschaftliche Ergibnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition (17): 516 ( ), 4 pls. Leipzig. Rwanda: Mohasi-See. Treated as a synonym of acerata by Bernaud, ruandae Grünberg, 1911 (as ab. of Acraea vinidia). Wissenschaftliche Ergibnisse der Deutschen Zentral- Afrika Expedition (17): 516 ( ), 4 pls. Leipzig. Rwanda: Mohasi-See. Treated as an aberration of Acraea acerata by Bernaud, burigensis Strand, 1913 (as ab. of Acraea acerata vinidia). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.2.): 171 ( ). Tanzania: Burigsee. Treated as an aberration of Acraea acerata by Bernaud,

4 alluaudi Le Cerf, 1927 (as f. of Acraea acerata tenella). Encyclopédie Entomologique (B. 3. Lepidoptera) 2: 53 (44-58). Kenya: Voï, Monts Taita, Est africain britannique. Treated as an aberration of Acraea acerata by Bernaud, hoursti Le Cerf, 1927 (as ssp. of Acraea acerata). Encyclopédie Entomologique (B. 3. Lepidoptera) 2: 54 (44-58). Niger: Tombouctou à Say. Treated as a synonym of Acraea acerata by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) actinotina (Lathy, 1903) Puzzling Acraea Telipna actinotina Lathy, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1903: 194 ( ). Telchinia actinotina (Lathy, 1903). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia (Telchinia) actinotina (Lathy, 1903). Henning & Williams, 2010: 23. Type locality: Nigeria: Anambara Creek. Distribution: Nigeria (central, east). Nigeria Ogruga near Anambra Creek at Nsukka (TL); Ahoada (R. St Leger, vide Larsen, 2005a); Sapoba (Soko Plains) (N. McNulty, vide Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Nothing published. Habits: Normally a rare butterfly which, apparently, has periodic population explosions (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) acuta (Howarth, 1969) Acraea ansorgei acuta Howarth, Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 146 ( ). Acraea acuta Howarth, Kielland, 1990d: 149 stat. nov. Telchinia acuta (Howarth, 1969). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia (Telchinia) acuta (Howarth, 1969). Henning & Williams, 2010: 23. Telchinia acuta acuta. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 39mm. Mugesse, 5500', Misuku Hills, Malawi I. Bampton. (Henning collection H145). Type locality: Tanzania: Poroto Mts., 8000 feet, Ihoho Forest. Diagnosis: Very similar to Telchinia ansorgei but the genitalia are distinctive (figured in Kielland, 1990d). The females are highly polymorphic (Kielland, 1990d). 4

5 Distribution: Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia. Habitat: Montane forest and mountain summits with evergreen shrubs (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania the altitudes at which the various subspecies occurs are as follows: nominate subspecies to m, subspecies rubrobasalis to m, subspecies nigromaculata to m and subspecies ngorongoro to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Males are territorial, hovering slowly between trees and tall shrubs on ridges and hill tops. They settle often, on exposed leaves (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: (Presumably) Urera species (Urticaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 149]. Telchinia (Telchinia) acuta acuta (Howarth, 1969) Acraea ansorgei acuta Howarth, Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 146 ( ). Acraea acuta Howarth, Kielland, 1990d: 149 stat. nov. Telchinia acuta (Howarth, 1969). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia acuta acuta. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 39mm. Mugesse, 5500', Misuku Hills, Malawi I. Bampton. (Henning collection H145). Type locality: Tanzania: Poroto Mts., 8000 feet, Ihoho Forest. Distribution: Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia. Tanzania Ihoho Forest, Poroto Mountains (TL); Southern Highlands, north to the Uzungwa Range (Kielland, 1990d); Rubeho Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Ukaguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Mbulu forests (Marang, Hasama, and Nou Forests) (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi Mugesse, Misuku Hills (male illustrated above). Zambia Nyika (Howarth, 1969). flava Howarth, 1969 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei acuta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 147 ( ). Malawi: Malawi-Zambian border, 7000 feet. Treated as a form of Acraea acuta acuta by Bernaud, alba Howarth, 1969 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei acuta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 147 ( ). Malawi: Malawi-Zambian border, 7000 feet. Treated as a form of Acraea acuta by Bernaud, chrysippina Howarth, 1969 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei acuta). Proceedings of the Royal 5

6 Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 148 ( ). Tanzania: Poroto Mts., 8000 feet, Ihoho Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea acuta acuta by Bernaud, handmani Howarth, 1969 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei acuta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 148 ( ). Malawi: Malawi-Zambian border, 7000 feet. Treated as a form of Acraea acuta by Bernaud, cottrelli Howarth, 1969 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei acuta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 148 ( ). Zambia: Nyika Plateau. Treated as a form of Acraea acuta acuta by Bernaud, australis Howarth, 1969 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei acuta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 148 ( ). Zambia: Nyika Plateau. Treated as a form of Acraea acuta acuta by Bernaud, reducta Howarth, 1969 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei acuta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 148 ( ). Zambia: Nyika Plateau. Treated as a form of Acraea acuta acuta by Bernaud, radiata Howarth, 1969 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei acuta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 149 ( ). Malawi: Malawi-Zambian border, Nyika, 6800 feet. Treated as a form of Acraea acuta acuta by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) acuta ngorongoro (Kielland, 1990) Acraea acuta ngorongoro Kielland, Butterflies of Tanzania 150 (363 pp.). Melbourne. Telchinia acuta ngorongoro (Kielland, 1990). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Tanzania: Oldeani Mt.. Described from two males from the type locality. Holotype (male) in the Natural History Museum, London. Description: Male. Upperside f.w. pale spots of normal size, in the cell and discal area orange as in ssp. rubrobasalis; submarginal spot in space 4 white; h.w. median pale area orange and reduced by extension of the basal blackish patch which is larger than in other races, reaching over half-way to cell-end and reaching above origin of vein 2. Underside apical area of f.w and distal half of h.w. more or less as in ssp. acuta, but basal area not distinctly outlined in brown, only slightly darker than the median cream area; basal black spots more spaced. Length of f.w and 24.2 mm. No female is known from Oldeani. (Kielland, 1990d: 150). Distribution: Tanzania (north). Tanzania Mount Oldeani (TL); probably the Ngorongoro range (Kielland, 1990d). Note 1: Specimens from Mount Kilimanjaro are similar to topotypical material but have a less extended and more brownish basal blackish patch on the hind wing underside (Kielland, 1990d: 150). Note 2: Treated as a form of Acraea acuta acuta by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) acuta nigromaculata (Kielland, 1990) Acraea acuta nigromaculata Kielland, Butterflies of Tanzania 150 (363 pp.). Melbourne. Telchinia acuta nigromaculata (Kielland, 1990). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Tanzania: Uluguru Mts., Bondwa Mt., 2100 m.. Holotype (male) in the Natural History Museum, London. Description: This large race is particularly distinct on the underside of the wings, and in having more black h.w. spots 6

7 than in other races. Male. F.w. nearly black with rather small white to cream spots arranged in the usual pattern; h.w. median patch cream, of the usual angled form, but more sprinkled with distinct black spots in the cell and internervular spaces 1b, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Underside with apex of f.w. and h.w. distal half dusted with pale-yellowish scales in the internervular spaces, and with clearly indicated blackish veins and a blackish, longitudinal line in the middle between each vein (in ssp. acuta the veins are less clearly indicated due to the brown internervular dusting); black spots as on the upperside; spots are also present in the basal area; the basal area is paler than in acuta which is brownish. Length of f.w mm; average 25.3 mm. Female. Both surfaces identical with those of the male, but a little larger. No other form is known as far as I know. Length of f.w mm; average 27 mm. (Kielland, 1990d: 150). Distribution: Tanzania (north-east). Tanzania Bondwa Mountain in the Ulugurus (TL) (Kielland, 1990d). Note: Treated as a form of Acraea acuta acuta by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) acuta rubrobasalis (Kielland, 1990) Acraea acuta rubrobasalis Kielland, Butterflies of Tanzania 149 (363 pp.). Melbourne. Telchinia acuta rubrobasalis (Kielland, 1990). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Tanzania: Lushoto Usambara, Magamba Forest. Description: Smaller than other races, and with distinctly shorter f.w., but distal margin incurved as in acuta. Male brownish-black with all pale markings orange; f.w. pale markings larger than in the other races; postdiscal spot in space 2 oblong and distally pointed; pale area of h.w. with black veins. Female form near handmani How., orangebrown with black veins and apical half black with white markings; h.w. entirely orange-brown. (Kielland, 1990d: 149). Distribution: Tanzania (north-east). Tanzania Magamba Forest, West Usambara Mountains (TL; Kielland, 1990d). Note: Treated as a form of Acraea acuta acuta by Bernaud, rubrobasalis Howarth, 1969 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei acuta). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 147 ( ). Tanzania: Lushoto Usambara, Magamba Forest. *Telchinia (Telchinia) alciope (Hewitson, [1852]) Alciope Acraea Acraea alciope Hewitson, 1852 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 1: 57 ([124] pp.). London. Telchinia alciope (Hewitson, 1852). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia (Telchinia) alciope (Hewitson, 1852). Henning & Williams, 2010: 24. 7

8 Telchinia alciope. Male (Wingspan 45 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 45 mm. Kakum Forest, Ghana. 20 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia alciope. Female (Wingspan 49 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 49 mm. Kakum Forest, Ghana. 20 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: West Africa. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda (south-west), Rwanda, Zambia. Recorded from Gambia by Pierre (1981), probably erroneously (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Bia N.P. (Larsen, 2005a); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria Lagos (Eltringham, 1912). Cameroon Edea (Strand, 1914); Lom (Strand, 1914)); south of Makak Station (Birket-Smith, 1960); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Throughout forested areas (van de Weghe, 2010). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo Kamituga (Dufrane, 1945); Camp Kélé (Dufrane, 1945). Uganda Budongo Forest (male illustrated above). Zambia Known from a single female taken at Ikelenge by Heath (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Most types of forest and also degraded areas as long as there is abundant shade (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A fairly common species; during the dry season females may be abundant, and outnumber males (Larsen, 2005a). Males establish territories in sunny places along forest roads, defending these territories aggresively (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Pierre, Larval food: Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae) [Smith, 1965; may refer to Telchinia aurivillii (Larsen, 2005a: 448)]. Fleurya species (Urticaceae) [Larsen, 2005a]. Musanga species (Moraceae) [Larsen, 2005a]. macarina Butler, 1868 (as sp. of Planema). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868: 221 ( ). Ghana: Gold Coast. Treated as a synonym of Acraea alciope by Bernaud,

9 cydonia Ward, 1873 (as sp. of Acraea). Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 10: 59 (59-60, ). Cameroon: Cameroons ; Angola. Treated as a synonym of Acraea alciope by Bernaud, cretacea Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea alciope). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 325 (1-374). Nigeria: Lagos. Treated as a form of Acraea alciope by Bernaud, fumida Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea alciope). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 325 (1-374). Nigeria: Lagos. Treated as a form of Acraea alciope by Bernaud, edea Strand, 1914 (as f. of Acraea alciope). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 106 (97-144). Cameroon: Kamerun; Bassagebiet, Edea. Treated as a form of Acraea alciope by Bernaud, lomana Strand, 1914 (as f. of Acraea alciope). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 106 (97-144). Cameroon: Lom im Bassagebiet. Treated as a form of Acraea alciope by Bernaud, alberici Dufrane, 1945 (as female ab. of Acraea alciope alciope). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 107 (90-143). Democratic Republic of Congo: Kamituga, Camp Kélé. Treated as an aberration of Acraea alciope by Bernaud, vulpinopsis Birket-Smith, 1960 (as f. of Acraea alciope alciope). Bulletin de l Institut Français d Afrique Noire (A) 22: 963 ( , , ). Cameroon: French Cameroons, South of Makak Station. Treated as a form of Acraea alciope by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) alciopoides (Joicey & Talbot, 1921) Acraea disjuncta form alciopoides Joicey & Talbot, Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 49 (40-166). Telchinia alciopoides (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia alciopoides. Male (Wingspan 39 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 39 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 15 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Uganda]: West Semliki River, near Lesse ; Democratic Republic of Congo: Ituri Forest, N.W. Beni. Figured for the first time by Bernaud & Lequeux, Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east Ituri), Uganda (west), Tanzania (north-west). 9

10 Democratic Republic of Congo Ituri Forest (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). Uganda West Semliki River, near Lesse (TL). Tanzania Kere Hill, Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998; single male) Habitat: Forest. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) alicia Sharpe, 1890 Telchinia alicia. Males imbibing mineral rich water from a rock surface. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte. Telchinia alicia Sharpe, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 5: 442 ( ). Telchinia alicia Sharpe, Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia alicia alicia. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 37mm. Impenetrable Forest, 6000', Uganda I. Bampton. (Henning collection H151). Type locality: [Kenya]: Mombasa to the Ulu mountains. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia. Recorded, in error, from Ghana by Berger (1981) and from Cameroon (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Montane forest and farmland (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania subspecies mbulu occurs at altitudes from to m and subspecies uzungwae from to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Often very common, together with Telchinia uvui (Larsen, 1991c). The adults are gregarious, with clusters of more than a hundred sometimes occupying a single branch (Van Someren & Rogers, 1926). In 10

11 the Nandi Hills, in Kenya, Larsen (1991c) noted dozens of adults feeding from the flowers of a patch of composites (Asteraceae). Individuals are also sometimes found feeding on horse manure and cow-pats (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Van Someren & Rogers, Larval food: Nothing published. Relevant literature: Majerus et al., 2006 [Interspecific mating with Telchinia sotikensis due to shortage of males]. Note: Bernaud & Lequeux, 2011 aver that alicia may be a junior synonym of bonasia but make no formal taxonomic changes. Telchinia (Telchinia) alicia alicia Sharpe, 1890 Telchinia alicia Sharpe, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 5: 442 ( ). Telchinia alicia alicia Sharpe, Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia alicia alicia. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 37mm. Impenetrable Forest, 6000', Uganda I. Bampton. (Henning collection H151). Type locality: [Kenya]: Mombasa to the Ulu mountains. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania (north), Malawi, Zambia. Democratic Republic of Congo Kamituga (Dufrane, 1945). Uganda Impenetrable Forest (male illustrated above). Kenya Mombasa to the Ulu mountains (TL); Weithaga (Poulton, 1908); Central Highlands (Larsen, 1991c); Marsabit (Larsen, 1991c); western Kenya (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Mount Meru (Kielland, 1990d); Mount Kilimanjaro (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia A single male from Ikelenge, taken by Heath (Heath et al., 2002). cappadox Oberthür, 1893 (as sp. of Acraea). Études d Entomologie 17: 23 (17-36). Kenya: Kilimandjaro. Treated as a synonym of Acraea alicia alicia by Bernaud, planesium Oberthür, 1893 (as sp. of Acraea). Études d Entomologie 17: 24 (17-36). Kenya: Kilimandjaro. Treated as a synonym of Acraea alicia alicia by Bernaud, cabiroides Poulton, 1908 (as female f. of Acraea alicia). Transactions of the Entomological Society of 11

12 London 1908: 529 ( ). Kenya: Weithaga, N. Kikuyu, British East Africa. Treated as a form of Acraea alicia alicia by Bernaud, tenelloides Poulton, 1908 (as female f. of Acraea alicia). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1908: 531 ( ). Kenya: Weithaga, N. Kikuyu, British East Africa. Treated as a form of Acraea alicia alicia by Bernaud, interruptana Strand, 1914 (as ab. of Acraea bonasia alicia). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 99 (97-144). Cameroon: Alen. Treated as an aberration of Acraea alicia alicia by Bernaud, This must refer to some other taxon as A. alicia does not occur in Cameroon MCW. ornata Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Acraea alicia). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 108 (90-143). Democratic Republic of Congo: Kamituga. Treated as a synonym of Acraea alicia alicia by Bernaud, suffusa Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Acraea alicia). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 108 (90-143). Democratic Republic of Congo: Kamituga. Treated as an aberration of Acraea alicia alicia by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) alicia mbulu (Kielland, 1990) Acraea alicia mbulu Kielland, Butterflies of Tanzania 150 (363 pp.). Melbourne. Telchinia alicia mbulu (Kielland, 1990). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Tanzania: Mbulu, Mamahisara, 1900 m.. Holotype (male) in the Natural History Museum, London. Description: Male. Upperside f.w. red median and basal areas extended almost as in A. [T.] bonasia, and without red spots, but median red band narrower due to the more extended basal blackish-brown area; lower part of the band much paler than the upper part. Underside f.w. brown markings extended in comparison with ssp. alicia; subapical yellow bar narrower; h.w. brown margin almost as in bonasia, and often with red spots. Length of f.w. 15 mm. Female unknown. (Kielland, 1990d: 150). Distribution: Tanzania (northern highlands). Tanzania Mbulu, Mamahisara (TL); Hasama Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Nou Forest (Kielland, 1990d). Note: Treated as a synonym of Acraea alicia alicia by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) alicia uzungwae (Kielland, 1990) Acraea alicia uzungwae Kielland, Butterflies of Tanzania 150 (363 pp.). Melbourne. Telchinia alicia uzungwae (Kielland, 1990). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Tanzania: Mufindi, Lugoda, 1950 m.. Holotype (male) in the Natural History Museum, London. Description: Male. Upperside f.w. red area large as in ssp. alicia; subapical red bar wider than in ssp. mbulu; h.w. median red band much wider, nearly as wide as in ssp. alicia, but black border with rounded marginal red spots in all the males. Underside similar to that of spp. mbulu, but f.w. subapical band considerably wider, h.w. marginal border brighter, and with larger marginal yellow spots; subbasal band a little wider, with a red centre in most specimens. Length of f.w mm. Female. Upperside as the male, but h.w. marginal border much wider, not as wide as in the female of A. [T.] bonasia and subbasal band more concentrated, with reddish centre as in the male. Length of f.w mm. Distribution: Tanzania (southern highlands). 12

13 Tanzania Uzungwa Range, from Mufindi (TL) to Dabaga (Kielland, 1990d). Note: Treated as a synonym of Acraea alicia alicia by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) althoffi (Dewitz, 1889) Althoff s Acraea Acraea althoffi Dewitz, Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 15: 102 ( ). Telchinia althoffi (Dewitz, 1889). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia (Telchinia) althoffi (Dewitz, 1889). Henning & Williams, 2010: 24. Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Umgegend von Mukenge. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Given from Nigeria, in error, by Larsen, 1991c. Habitat: Forest. Habits: The flight is slow and gliding, and not high above the ground. Flowers are visited (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Telchinia (Telchinia) althoffi althoffi (Dewitz, 1889) Acraea althoffi Dewitz, Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 15: 102 ( ). Telchinia althoffi (Dewitz, 1889). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Umgegend von Mukenge. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south and central Sankuru, Lualaba). Democratic Republic of Congo Mukenge (TL). Telchinia (Telchinia) althoffi bitjana (Bethune-Baker, 1926) Acraea althoffi f. bitjana Bethune-Baker, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 17: 384 ( ). Telchinia althoffi bitjana (Bethune-Baker, 1926). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia (Telchinia) althoffi bitjana (Bethune-Baker, 1926). Henning & Williams, 2010: 24. Type locality: Cameroon: Bitje, Cameroons. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Cameroon Bitje (TL); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Telchinia (Telchinia) althoffi neavei (Poulton, 1924) Acraea althoffi neavei Poulton, Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1924: 144 ( ). Telchinia althoffi neavei (Poulton, 1924). Silva-Brandao et al.,

14 Telchinia althoffi neavei. Male (Wingspan 54 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 54 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 17 February P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Uganda]: S. T. Toro; Daro or Durro Forest, ft.. Distribution: Uganda (excluding Bwamba Valley), Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Uganda Daro Forest (TL); Entebbe (Eltringham, 1912); Buninga, Sesse Islands (Carpenter, 1931); Budongo Forest (Carpenter, 1935); Mabira Forest (Stoneham, 1936); Katera (Stoneham, 1936). Kenya Elgon area (Van Someren & Rogers, 1926); Kakamega Forest (Van Someren & Rogers, 1926). Tanzania Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Munene Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Kikuru (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Note 1: S. C. Collins, vide Larsen (1991: 367) doubts that A. althoffi occurs in Kenya. Note 2: Treated as a form of Acraea althoffi althoffi by Bernaud, telloides Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea althoffi). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 254 (1-374). Uganda: Entebbe. Treated as a form of Acraea althoffi althoffi by Bernaud, ochreata Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea althoffi). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 254 (1-374). Uganda: Entebbe. Treated as a synonym of Acraea althoffi althoffi by Bernaud, drucei Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea althoffi). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 254 (1-374). Uganda: Entebbe. Treated as a form of Acraea althoffi althoffi by Bernaud, lycioides Carpenter, 1931 (as female f. of Acraea althoffi). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 6: 64 (62-65). Uganda: Buninga Sese Isles. Treated as a synonym of Acraea althoffi althoffi by Bernaud, budongoensis Carpenter, 1935 (as female f. of Acraea althoffi). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 10: 22 (22-23). Uganda: Budongo Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea althoffi althoffi by Bernaud, albicans Stoneham, 1936 (as female f. of Acraea althoffi). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (27): [2] ([3 pp.]). Uganda: Mabira Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea althoffi by Bernaud, albireducta Stoneham, 1936 (as female f. of Acraea althoffi). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (27): [2] ([3 pp.]). Uganda: Budongo Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea althoffi by Bernaud, ochrafasciata Stoneham, 1936 (as replacement name for Acraea althoffi f. ochreata Eltringham). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (27): [2] ([3 pp.]). Treated as a form of Acraea althoffi althoffi by Bernaud, ochrareducta Stoneham, 1936 (as female f. of Acraea althoffi). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (27): [2] ([3 pp.]). Uganda: Mabira Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea althoffi althoffi by Bernaud,

15 ochramaculata Stoneham, 1936 (as female f. of Acraea althoffi). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (27): [3] ([3 pp.]). Uganda: Katera. Treated as a form of Acraea althoffi althoffi by Bernaud, heliconioides Stoneham, 1936 (as male f. of Acraea althoffi). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (27): [3] ([3 pp.]). Uganda: Budongo Forest. Treated as a form Acraea althoffi althoffi by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) althoffi rubrofasciata (Aurivillius, 1895) Acraea althoffi var. rubrofasciata Aurivillius, Entomologisk Tidskrift 16: 111 ( ). Telchinia althoffi rubrofasciata (Aurivillus, 1895). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Bangala. Distribution: Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (north and east), Uganda (west Bwamba Valley). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo Bangala (TL). Note: Treated as a form of Acraea althoffi althoffi by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) amicitiae (Heron, 1909) Acraea amicitiae Heron, Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 19: 148 ( ). Telchinia amicitiae (Heron, 1909). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Uganda]: Mubuku Valley, E. Ruwenzori. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu), Uganda (Kigezi), Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania (west and south-west). Democratic Republic of Congo Kalonge (Berger, 1981). Uganda Mubuku Valley (TL); Mafuga Forest (Jackson, 1956). Burundi Bugarama (Berger, 1981). Tanzania Mount Mahale (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Montane forest (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania it is found at altitudes from to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Males are often seen mud puddling but females, apparently, are rarely seen (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Urera hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Wedd. (Urticaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323]. polychroma Rebel, 1911 (as sp. of Acraea). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 24: 410 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Nordwestufer des Tanganika-Sees. Treated as a form of Acraea amicitiae by Bernaud, flavina Jackson, 1956 (as female f. of Acrea [sic] amicitiae polychroma). Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 23: 69 (63-102). Uganda: Kigezi, Mafuga Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea amicitiae by Bernaud, lutea Berger, 1981 (as female f. of Acraea amicitiae). Les Papillons du Zaire 198 (543 pp.). Bruxelles. Democratic Republic of Congo? Ruwenzori: Kalonge. Treated as a form of Acraea amicitiae by Bernaud,

16 alba Berger, 1981 (as female f. of Acraea amicitiae). Les Papillons du Zaire 198 (543 pp.). Bruxelles. Democratic Republic of Congo? Ruwenzori: Kalonge. Treated as a form of Acraea amicitiae by Bernaud, intermedia Berger, 1981 (as female f. of Acraea amicitiae). Les Papillons du Zaire 198 (543 pp.). Bruxelles. Burundi: Bugarama (Burundi). Treated as a form of Acraea amacitiae by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) ansorgei (Grose-Smith, 1898) Ansorge s Acraea Acraea ansorgei Grose-Smith, Novitates Zoologicae 5: 351 ( ). Telchinia ansorgei (Grose-Smith, 1898). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Kenya]: Nandi Station. Diagnosis: A remarkably polymorphic species, with innumerable forms. Some forms very similar to Telchinia acuta but the genitalia are distinctive (figured in Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya. Larsen (1991) records the species from Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia but these country records refer to Telchinia acuta, which was raised to species level from Telchinia ansorgei acuta by Kielland (1990d). Uganda Mt. Kokanjero (Eltringham, 1912); Kokanieri (Bryk, 1931); Bwamba Pass (Gabriel, 1939); Namwamba Valley (Gabriel, 1939); Bufumbo Forest (Howarth, 1969); Mafuga Forest (Howarth, 1969). Kenya Nandi Station (TL); Aberdare Hills (Eltringham, 1912); Mount Kenya (Bryk, 1931); Uplands (van Someren, 1936); Tuso (van Someren, 1936); Soy (Larsen, 1991c); Kiptiget (Larsen, 1991c); Elgon (Larsen, 1991c). Habitat: Montane forest (Larsen, 1991c). Habits: Sometimes found in large numbers (Larsen, 1991c). The flight is feeble and fluttering (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Van Someren & Rogers, Larval food: Urera species (Urticaceae) [Van Someren & Rogers, 1926]. conjuncta Grose-Smith, 1898 (as sp. of Acraea). Novitates Zoologicae 5: 351 ( ). Kenya: Nandi Station. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, nandensis Sharpe, 1899 (as sp. of Planema). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 3: 244 ( ). Kenya: Nandi. Treated as a synonym of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, silacea Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea conjuncta). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 320 (1-374). Kenya: Aberdare Hills. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, mutata Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea conjuncta). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 320 (1-374). Uganda: Mt. Kokanjero, S.W. of Elgon. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, pica Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea conjuncta). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 320 (1-374). Uganda: Mt. Kokanjero, S.W. of Elgon. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud,

17 lutealba Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea conjuncta). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 320 (1-374). Uganda: Mt. Kokanjero, S.W. of Elgon. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, suffusa Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea conjuncta). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 320 (1-374). Uganda: Mt. Kokanjero, S.W. of Elgon. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, interrupta Eltringham, 1912 (as f. of Acraea conjuncta). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 320 (1-374). Uganda: Mt. Kokanjero, S.W. of Elgon. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, aurivilliana Bryk, 1925 (as f. of Acrea [sic] ansorgei). Entomologische Rundschau 42: 27 (27, 31-32). Kenya/Uganda: Mt. Elgon. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, loveni Bryk, 1925 (as f. of Acrea [sic] ansorgei). Entomologische Rundschau 42: 27 (27, 31-32). Kenya/Uganda: Mt. Elgon. Lectotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/a). Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, jefferyi Bryk, 1925 (as f. of Acrea [sic] ansorgei). Entomologische Rundschau 42: 27 (27, 31-32). Kenya/Uganda: Mt. Elgon. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, aurata Bryk, 1931 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei). Entomologische Rundschau 48: 147 (146, 176). Kenya: Nandi, Äquat. Africa. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, vansomereni Bryk, 1931 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei). Entomologische Rundschau 48: 147 (146, 176). Uganda: Nandi, Limoru. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, bantu Bryk, 1931 (as ssp. of Acraea ansorgei). Entomologische Rundschau 48: 176 (146, 176). Uganda: Kokanieri. Treated as a synonym of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, paulinae Bryk, 1931 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei). Entomologische Rundschau 48: 176 (146, 176). Kenya: Mt. Kenya. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, bryki Le Doux, 1931 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1931: 58 (49-59). Kenya/Uganda: Mount Elgon, Äquat.-Afrika. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, rufoniger van Someren, 1936 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 168 ( ). Kenya: Uplands. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, luteflava van Someren, 1936 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 168 ( ). Kenya: Tuso. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, tricolor van Someren, 1936 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 168 ( ). Kenya: Uplands. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, flavipuncta van Someren, 1936 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 168 ( ). Kenya: Uplands. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, adaurantica van Someren, 1936 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 168 ( ). Kenya: Uplands. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, chrysippoides van Someren, 1936 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 168 ( ). Kenya: Escarpment. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, 2009 and spelt as chryssipoides. 17

18 flaveola van Someren, 1936 (as f. of Acraea ansorgei). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 169 ( ). Kenya: Uplands. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, wickhami Gabriel, 1939 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei). British Museum (Natural History) Ruwenzori Expedition (3): 62 (51-95). Uganda: Bwamba Pass. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, uniformis Gabriel, 1939 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei). British Museum (Natural History) Ruwenzori Expedition (3): 63 (51-95). Uganda: Namwamba Valley. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, elgonensis Howarth, 1969 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei ansorgei). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 144 ( ). Uganda: W. Elgon, Bufumbo Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, jacksoni Howarth, 1969 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei ansorgei). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 145 ( ). Uganda: Kigezi, Mafuga Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, gabrieli Howarth, 1969 (as female f. of Acraea ansorgei ansorgei). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 146 ( ). Kenya: Uplands. Treated as a form of Acraea ansorgei by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) aurivillii (Staudinger, 1896) Large Alciope Acraea Acraea aurivillii Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 209 ( ). Telchinia aurivillii (Staudinger, 1896). Silva-Brandao et al., Alternative common name: Aurivillius Acraea. Type locality: Cameroon: Inneren Kameruns, Barombi Station. Diagnosis: Male similar to Telchinia alciope but with an unbroken, bright orange band across the forewing and large orange discal area on hindwing. Females extremely variable (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat: Forest. Habits: Appears to be rather local but may be common when found (Larsen, 1991c). Apparently rarer than the closely-related Telchinia alciope (Larsen, 2005a). Circles slowly around trees in dense forest. It is a shade-loving butterfly, which, like its Bematistes models, rarely ventures into open sunshine (Larsen, 1991c). The flight and behaviour is very similar to that of Mimacraea eltringhami (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Pierre, [Ivory Coast] Larval food: Adenia species (Passifloraceae) [Carcasson]. Fleurya species (Urticaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 364]. Laportea ovalifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Chew (Urticaceae) [Pierre, 1981; Ivory Coast; as Laportea podocarpa]. Pouzolzia denudata De Wild. & T.Durand (Urticaceae) [Pierre, 1981; Ivory Coast]. Urera flamigniana Lambinon (Urticaceae) [Pierre, 1981; Ivory Coast]. Urera gravenreuthii Engl. (Urticaceae) [Pierre, 1981; Ivory Coast]. 18

19 Urera hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Wedd. (Urticaceae) [Congdon & Collins, 1998: 33; Tanzania]. Urera thonneri De Wild. & T.Durand (Urticaceae) [Pierre, 1981; Ivory Coast]. Telchinia (Telchinia) aurivillii aurivillii (Staudinger, 1896) Acraea aurivillii Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 209 ( ). Telchinia aurivillii aurivillii (Staudinger, 1896). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Cameroon: Inneren Kameruns, Barombi Station. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo (south and east), Uganda, Burundi, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west), Zambia (north; Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Barombi Station (TL); Bakossu (Strand, 1912); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Probably throughout (van de Weghe, 2010). Uganda Port Alice (Grose-Smith, 1900); Sesse Islands (Grünberg, 1910); Entebbe (Eltringham, 1912); Bombo (Stoneham, 1937); Katera (Stoneham, 1937). Kenya Kakamega Forest (Stoneham, 1937); Elgon area (Larsen, 1991c); Mau Escarpment (Larsen, 1991c); Malaba Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Minziro forests (Congdon & Collins, 1998). alicia Grose-Smith, 1900 (as sp. of Planema). Novitates Zoologicae 7: 546 ( ). Uganda: Port Alice. [Invalid; junior secondary homonym of Telchinia alicia Sharpe, 1890 [Acraeinae].] Treated as a synonym of Acraea aurivillii by Bernaud, latifasciata Grünberg, 1910 (as ab. of Acraea aurivillii). Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1910: 164 ( ). Uganda: Sesse-Inseln im Victoria-Nyanza. Treated as an aberration of Acraea aurivillii aurivillii by Bernaud, bakossua Strand, 1912 (as ab. of Acraea alciope). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 77 (1.4. Supplementhefte): 114 ( ). Cameroon: Bakossu. Treated as an aberration of Acraea aurivillii aurivillii by Bernaud, tella Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea alciope). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 326 (1-374). Uganda: Entebbe, Pt. Alice. Treated as a form of Acraea aurivillii aurivillii by Bernaud, smithi Aurivillius, 1922 (as replacement name for Planema alicia). In: Rothschild, M., Extrait du voyage de M. le Baron Maurice de Rothschild en Ethiopie et Afrique Orientale Anglaise 345 ( ). Paris. Invalid; junior primary homonym of Acraea smithi Mabille, 1879 [Acraeinae]. Treated as a synonym of Acraea aurivillii aurivillii by Bernaud, bombensis Stoneham, 1937 (as ssp. of Acraea alciope). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (32): [1] ([3 pp.]). Uganda: Bombo. Treated as a synonym of Acraea aurivillii aurivillii by Bernaud, ochrextensa Stoneham, 1937 (as ssp. of Acraea alciope). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (32): [1] ([3 pp.]). Kenya: Kakamega. Treated as a synonym of Acraea aurivillii aurivillii by Bernaud, flavifasciata Stoneham, 1937 (as f. of Acraea alciope). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (32): [2] ([3 pp.]). Uganda: Katera. Treated as a form of Acraea aurivillii aurivillii by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) aurivillii schecana (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905) 19

20 Acraea alciope schecana Rothschild & Jordan, Novitates Zoologicae 12: 184 ( ). Telchinia aurivillii schecana (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Scheko. Distribution: Ethiopia (south-west). Ethiopia Scheko (TL); Oumbi (Ungemach, 1932). vidua Ungemach, 1932 (as female f. of Acraea alciope). Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 72 (1-122). Ethiopia: Oumbi. Treated as a form of Acraea aurivillii by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) baxteri (Sharpe, 1902) Baxter s Acraea Acraea baxteri Sharpe, Entomologist 35: 40 (40-42). Telchinia baxteri (Sharpe, 1902). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia baxteri baxteri. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 49mm. Chowa, Nyika, Zambia. 16 Mar 85. I. Bampton. (Henning collection H140). Type locality: [Tanzania]: Mpapwa, German East Africa. Diagnosis: Superfically similar to Acraea insignis but forewing upperside with a clear subapical band and with the hind wing underside brown and black-spotted in the basal half (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia. Habitat: Montane forest (Kielland, 1990d) and forest (Larsen, 1991c). In Tanzania the nominate subspecies is found at altitudes from to m, ssp. subsquamia at around 2 600m, and ssp. oldeani from to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Although widespread this is a generally scarce butterfly (Larsen, 1991c). Males fly high among the tree tops settling from time to time on choice perches (Kielland, 1990d). Bampton (vide Heath et al., 2002) noted that specimens in the Chowa Forest, Nyika Plateau, only appeared in the early afternoon, flying high among trees in front of a large rock. According to van Someren it is a mimic of a day-flying moth (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Urera species (Urticaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 42]. Telchinia (Telchinia) baxteri baxteri (Sharpe, 1902) 20

21 Acraea baxteri Sharpe, Entomologist 35: 40 (40-42). Telchinia baxteri baxteri (Sharpe, 1902). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia baxteri baxteri. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 49mm. Chowa, Nyika, Zambia. 16 Mar 85. I. Bampton. (Henning collection H140). Type locality: [Tanzania]: Mpapwa, German East Africa. Distribution: Uganda (north-east), Kenya, Tanzania (south), Malawi (north), Zambia. Kenya Marakwet (TL); Cherangani Hills (Le Cerf, 1933); Mount Nyiro (Carpenter & Jackson, 1950); Mount Sagala (Larsen, 1991c); Chyulu Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Teita Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Ol Doinyo Orok near Namanga (Larsen, 1991c); central highlands (Larsen, 1991c); Sotik (Larsen, 1991c); Cherangani Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Mount Kulal (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Mpapwa (TL); Langenburg (Thurau, 1903); Mount Rungwe (Kielland, 1990d); Southern Highlands (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa Range (Kielland, 1990d); Rubeho Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Ukaguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Kanga Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Pare Mountains (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Chowa Forest on the Nyika Plateau (Heath et al., 2002; male illustrated above). fuelleborni Thurau, 1903 (as sp. of Acraea). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 133 ( ). Tanzania: Langenburg. Treated as a synonym of Acraea baxteri baxteri by Bernaud, lutea Carpenter & Jackson, 1950 (as female f. of Acraea baxteri subsquamia). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 19: 105 (97-108). Kenya: Northern frontier district, Mt. Nyiro. Treated as a form of Acraea baxteri baxteri by Bernaud, philos Le Cerf, 1933 (as subspecies of Acraea baxteri). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 38: 158 (158). [Kenya]: Marakwet; Campi Cherangani. Synonymized with baxteri (Sharpe, 1902) by Pierre, 2009:6. Telchinia (Telchinia) baxteri oldeani (Kielland, 1990) Acraea baxteri oldeani Kielland, 1990d. Butterflies of Tanzania 152 (363 pp.). Melbourne. Telchinia baxteri oldeani (Kielland, 1990). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Tanzania: Arusha Region, Oldeani, 2000 m.. Holotype male in the Natural History Museum, London. Description: Differs from ssp. subsquamia in the extended basal black area of the h.w. in both sexes, and the veins which 21

22 are less strongly indicated in black. In the male the distal margin of the basal black patch is very uneven and indented along the veins; the red post-discal area narrow; f.w. subapical hyaline band narrow in spaces 5 and 6, but normally wide in space 4. Underside h.w. basal patch brown with black spots poorly developed in comparison with other populations and spots in spaces 1 and 2 are placed more distal. Female with two forms, one pale-yellow and the other as the male; f.w. subapical hyaline band wider than in the male, but narrower than in females of other populations. Length of f.w., male mm; female mm. Distribution: Tanzania (north). Tanzania Mount Oldeani (TL; Kielland, 1990d). Telchinia (Telchinia) baxteri subsquamia (Thurau, 1903) Acraea fuelleborni var. subsquamia Thurau, Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 135 ( ). Telchinia baxteri subsquamia (Thurau, 1903). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Tanzania]: N.-Usambara, Umgegd. v. Mlolo. Diagnosis: Compared to the nominate subspecies the black basal area on the hind wing is more extensive than in the nominate subspecies and the black border is a little wider (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Tanzania (north-east). Tanzania Mlolo (TL); Mount Kilimanjaro (Eltringham, 1912; Carcasson, 1961); Mount Longido, at m (Kielland, 1990d); western slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro (Cordeiro, 1995). Note: Treated as a synonym of Acraea baxteri baxteri by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) bergeri (Gaede, 1915) Acraea bergeri Gaede, Entomologische Rundschau 32: 51 (50-52). Telchinia bergeri (Gaede, 1915). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Uganda]: Kenia. Distribution: Uganda. Very poorly known; possibly a lycaenid (Ackery et al., 1995: 252). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) bonasia (Fabricius, 1775) Bonasia Acraea Papilio bonasia Fabricius, Systema Entomologiae 464 (832 pp.). Flensburgi & Lipsiae. Telchinia bonasia (Fabricius, 1775). Silva-Brandao et al.,

23 Telchinia bonasia bonasia. Male (Wingspan 36 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 36 mm. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia bonasia bonasia. Female (Wingspan 43 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 43 mm. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Sierra Leone: Sierra Leon. Holotype in the Banks collection, London (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat: Forest of all types, including secondary forest (Heath et al., 2002; Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Migration by this species has been recorded (Owen & Chanter, 1972). In the Nigeria/Cameroon region males come to mudpuddle in their thousands at altitudes of about m (Larsen, 2005a). Males also visit patches of urine and animal excrement (Larsen, 2005a; fig. 5.44, p. 451). On one occasion a cluster of males on a piece of animal dung was raided by ants; a few ants would hold the butterfly and bite off the flapping wings, then carry the body away (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Jiggins et al., 2003: 70. The eggs are laid in a single layer, spaced out. Mean clutch size is 198 (n=3). Larval food: Clappertonia ficifolia (Willd.) Decne. (Tiliaceae) [Owen, 1971 (Sierra Leone); Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978 (Ivory Coast)]. Hibiscus species (Malvaceae) [Bernaud, 1995; Cameroon]. Triumfetta brachyceras K.Schum. (Tiliaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 44]. Triumfetta brachyceras K.Schum. (Tiliaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323; Jiggins et al., 2003: 70; as Triumfetta macrophilla Schum]. Triumfetta brachyceras K.Schum. (Tiliaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323; as Triumfetta ruwenzorensis Sprague]. Triumfetta species (Tiliaceae) [Bernaud, 1995; Cameroon]. Telchinia (Telchinia) bonasia bonasia (Fabricius, 1775) Papilio bonasia Fabricius, Systema Entomologiae 464 (832 pp.). Flensburgi & Lipsiae. Telchinia bonasia bonasia (Fabricius, 1775). Silva-Brandao et al.,

24 Telchinia bonasia bonasia. Male (Wingspan 36 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 36 mm. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia bonasia bonasia. Female (Wingspan 43 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 43 mm. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Sierra Leone: Sierra Leon. Holotype in the Banks collection, London (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan (south), Uganda (west), Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west), Zambia (north-east). Senegal Dakar (Larsen, 2005a); Basse Casmance (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Isasi (Le Cerf, 1927); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Togo Misahohe (Suffert, 1904). Cameroon Akoms (Schultze, 1923); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Throughout (van de Weghe, 2010). Equatorial Guinea Sta. Isabel, Basilé (Schultze, 1923). Democratic Republic of Congo Kuilu (Staudinger, 1896); Kamituga (Dufrane, 1945). Kenya Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 2005a). Zambia Kabweluma Falls, Kalungwishi River (male illustrated above); Lufubu River (Heath et al., 2002); Lumangwe Falls (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). cynthius Drury, 1782 (as sp. of Papilio). Illustrations of Natural History 3: index et 52 (76 pp.). London. Sierra Leone: Sierra Leon. Treated as a synonym of Acraea bonasia bonasia by Bernaud, Erroneously recorded from South Africa by Trimen, 1862c (as Acraea Cynthia Drury) (MCW). praeponina Staudinger, 1896 (as sp. of Acraea). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 202 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Kuilu. Treated as a synonym of Acraea bonasia bonasia by Bernaud, siabona Suffert, 1904 (as ssp. of Acraea bonasia). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 32 (12-107). Togo: Misahähe, Togo. Treated as a synonym of Acraea bonasia bonasia by Bernaud,

25 implicata Schultze, 1923 in Schultze & Aurivillius, 1923 (as ab. of Acraea bonasia). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1(17): 1131 ( ). Equatorial Guinea: Fernondo-Po, Sta. Isabel, Basilé. Treated as an aberration of Acraea bonasia bonasia by Bernaud, tristis Schultze, 1923 in Schultze & Aurivillius, 1923 (as ab. of Acraea bonasia). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1(17): 1132 ( ). Cameroon: Akoms... des Süd-Kameruner Urwald-gebietes. Treated as an aberration of Acraea bonasia bonasia by Bernaud, flavistrigata Le Cerf, 1927 (as female f. of Acraea bonasia). Encyclopédie Entomologique (B. 3. Lepidoptera) 2: 54 (44-58). Ghana: Isasi, Ashanti. Treated as a form of Acraea bonasia bonasia by Bernaud, obscura Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Acraea bonasia bonasia). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 109 (90-143). Democratic Republic of Congo: Kamituga. Treated as an aberration of Acraea bonasia bonasia by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) bonasia banka (Eltringham, 1912) Acraea bonasia banka Eltringham, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 226 (1-374). Telchinia bonasia banka (Eltringham, 1912). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Abyssinia; Banka, Malo. Distribution: Ethiopia (highlands). Ethiopia Banka, Malo (TL). *Telchinia (Telchinia) buschbecki (Dewitz, 1889) Acraea buschbecki Dewitz, Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 15: 102 ( ). Telchinia buschbecki (Dewitz, 1889). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Quango. Distribution: Cameroon, to Democratic Republic of Congo (west, central and south). Democratic Republic of Congo Quango (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. zaire Rogenhofer, 1890 (as sp. of Acraea [Telchinia]). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien. 4: 551 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Fallstation des oberen Congo. Treated as a synonym of Acraea buschbecki by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) burgessi (Jackson, 1956) Acraea burgessi Jackson, Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 23: 69 (63-102). Telchinia burgessi (Jackson, 1956). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Uganda]: Kigezi District, Mafuga Forest. Distribution: Uganda (Kigezi), Democratic Republic of Congo (north Kivu). 25

26 Uganda Mafuga Forest (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) burni (Butler, 1896)# Pale-yellow Acraea Acraea burni Butler, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 18: 467 (467). Acraea obeira burni Butler. Swanepoel, 1953a. Acraea obeira burni Butler, Dickson & Kroon, Hyalites (Hyalites) obeira burni (Butler, 1896). Pringle et al., 1994: 76. Hyalites (Hyalites) obeira meyeri (Van Son, 1963). Pringle et al., 1994: 76. [synonym of burni] Acraea obeira burni Butler, Ackery et al., Acraea burni Butler, Pierre & Bernaud, [Not seen by Ackery et al., 1995] Telchinia burni (Butler, 1896). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia burni. Male (Wingspan 47 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Rustenburg N.R., North West, South Africa. 10 January M.C. Williams Collection. Telchinia burni. Female (Wingspan 51 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Rustenburg N.R., North West, South Africa. 10 January M.C. Williams Collection. Type locality: [South Africa]: Tugela, Natal. Distribution: Tanzania (east), Malawi (south), Zambia (east), Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, North West Province, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal), Swaziland. Tanzania Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi Zomba Mountain (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia Chalimbana (White); Kafue Gorge (Dening) (Heath et al., 2002). Zimbabwe Matobo Hills (Pinhey); Manyame River; granite outcrops near Harare (Mullin). 26

27 Botswana Moeng, Tswapong Hills (R. Plowes vide Larsen, 1991l); Moremi Gorge, Tswapong Hills (Larsen, 1991l); Gabane near Gaborone (A. Gardiner vide Larsen, 1991l). Namibia Haribis, in the Grootfontein district (F. Gaerdes, vide Van Son, 1963); Neidaus (G. Meyer, vide Van Son, 1963); Abachaus (G. Meyer, vide Van Son, 1963); Okosongomingo in the Waterberg (Kroon). Limpopo Province Warmbaths (Swanepoel, 1953); Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve ( Malta Forest ) (Swanepoel, 1953); Chuniespoort (Swanepoel, 1953); Tubex (Swanepoel, 1953); Wyliespoort (Swanepoel, 1953); Doorndraai Dam Nature Reserve (Warren, 1990); Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve (Warren, 1990); Highlands Wilderness (Bode & Bode, unpublished checklist). Mpumalanga Waterval Onder (Swanepoel, 1953); Nelspruit (Swanepoel, 1953); Lydenburg district (Swanepoel, 1953); Mariepskop area (Henning, 1994c); Loskop Dam (Williams); Louw s Creek (male illustrated above); Strijdom Tunnel (female illustrated above). North West Province Kgaswane Mountain Reserve (Williams). Gauteng Onderstepoort (Swanepoel, 1953). KwaZulu-Natal Tugela (TL); Muden (Clark, in Van Son, 1963). Swaziland Mlawula N. R. ( Status: Rare and local in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Dense savanna. In Tanzania in forest (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Occurs in localized colonies that appear to be centred on stands of their larval host-plant. Males are known to hilltop (Pringle et al. 1994). The flight is slow and weak and specimens are often seen flying slowly around tree-tops (Van Son, 1963). Flight period: All year (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Clark, in Van Son, 1963: 38; plate XV [Muden, KwaZulu-Natal]. Egg: Eggs are laid in rather disorderly clusters, some being laid on top of others. They are 0.8 mm high and 0.5 mm in diameter. There are 20 longitudinal ribs braced by cross ridges which extend three quarters up the sides, then gradually change into indentations. They are pale watery yellow when laid, changing to dull brown with a touch of purple. The eggs hatch after 11 days. Larva: Young larvae, after hatching, rest a while, then they eat their discarded shells. They rest again, then cluster together and commence feeding side by side. Their droppings are caught up in silk, making a disorderly mess in which they go through their first moult. This is repeated in the second instar. They are gregarious throughout. There are two groups, one taking five instars and the other six. The development proceeds as follows: Five instar group: 1 st instar 1.75 mm, growing to 3.5 mm in 7 days; 2 nd instar growing to 6.5 mm in 6 days; 3 rd instar growing to 11 mm in 5 days; 4 th instar growing to 18 mm in 5-6 days; 5 th instar growing to 28 mm in 10 days. Six instar group: 1 st instar 1.75 mm, growing to 3.25 mm in 9 days; 2 nd instar growing to 6 mm in 9 days; 3 rd instar growing to 10 mm in 8 days; 4 th instar growing to 16 mm in 6 days; 5 th instar growing to 20 mm in 4 days; 6 th instar growing to 28 mm in 6 days. Pupa: Pupae are suspended by cremastral hooks. They are a dull white with dull yellow spots on the dorsum between small moles. The ventral portion is white broken by blackedged salmon spots. The length is 16.5 to 18 mm. The imago emerges after 10 days. Pierre & Bernaud, 2002 [Zimbabwe] Larval food: Laportea peduncularis (Wedd.) Chew (Urticaceae) [Clark, vide Van Son, 1963: 39; as Fleurya mitis E. Mey.]. Obetia tenax (N.E.Br.) Friis (Urticaceae) [Clark, vide Van Son, 1963: 39; as Urera tenax N.E. Br.]. Pouzolzia mixta Solms (Urticaceae) [Dickson & Kroon, (as Pouzolzia hypoleuca); Cottrell and Mullin, vide Pringle et al., 1994: 76; Harare and Mutare (both Zimbabwe)]. meyeri van Son, 1963 (as ssp. of Acraea obeira). Transvaal Museum Memoires No. 14: 39 (130 pp.). Namibia: Haribis, Grootfontein dist.. Treated as a synonym of Acraea burni by Bernaud, meyerana Ackery, 1995 (as replacement name for Acraea (Actinote) obeira meyeri). In Ackery, et al., 1995: 259. Synonymized with Telchinia burni by Pierre & Bernaud (2002: 511). Treated as a synonym of Acraea burni by Bernaud,

28 *Telchinia (Telchinia) cabira (Hopffer, 1855)# Yellow-banded Acraea Yellow-banded Acraea (Telchinia cabira), male upperside, male underside and female upperside. Images courtesy Steve Woodhall. Acraea cabira Hopffer, Berichte über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1855: 640 ( ). Acraea cabira Hoppfer, Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Acraea cabira Hopffer. Swanepoel, 1953a. Acraea cabira Hopffer, Dickson & Kroon, Hyalites (Hyalites) cabira (Hopffer, 1855). Pringle et al., 1994: 78. Telchinia cabira (Hopffer, 1855). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia cabira. Male (Wingspan 41 mm). Left upperside; right underside. 20 km west of Louis Trichardt, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Em. May 1997 M.C. Williams Collection. Telchinia cabira. Female (Wingspan 43 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 25 February M.C. Williams Collection. 28

29 Type locality: Mozambique: Mossambique. Distribution: Ethiopia (south), Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo (east), Malawi, Zambia (Copperbelt eastwards), Mozambique, Zimbabwe (east), South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province), Swaziland. Recorded, in error, from West Africa by Boorman, 1961 (Larsen, 2005a). Uganda Sesse Islands (Grunberg, 1910). Kenya All forests except coast (Larsen, 1991c); Teita Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Chyulu Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Mount Sagala (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania In most parts of the country in suitable habitat (Kielland, 1990d); Usambara (Oberthur, 1893); Langenburg (Suffert, 1904); Katavi National Park (Fitzherbert et al., 2006). Malawi Parumbira (Lanz, 1896); Mt Mulanje (Congdon et al., 2010); Zomba Mountain (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Ndola (Heath et al., 2002); Mpongwe (Heath et al., 2002); Kanona (Heath et al., 2002); Luangwa Valley (Heath et al., 2002); Shiwa Ngandu (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique Maputo (Staudinger, 1896); Inhambane (Van Son, 1963); Njesi Plateau (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010). Zimbabwe Chrinda Forest, Mount Selinda (Stevenson, 1940). Limpopo Province Mica (Swanepoel, 1953); Letaba (Swanepoel, 1953); Duivelskloof (Swanepoel, 1953); Sibasa (Swanepoel, 1953); Entabeni Forest (Swanepoel, 1953); Louis Trichardt (Swanepoel, 1953); Shilouvane (Van Son, 1963); Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve ( Malta Forest ) (Van Son, 1963); Woodbush (Van Son, 1963); Mountain Inn (Van Son, 1963); Soutpansberg (Pringle et al., 1994). Mpumalanga Barberton (Swanepoel, 1953); Nelspruit (Swanepoel, 1953); Marieps Kop (Swanepoel, 1953; male illustrated above); Acornhoek (Van Son, 1963); Buffelskloof Nature Reserve (Williams). KwaZulu-Natal Springvale (Trimen & Bowker, 1887); Durban (Swanepoel, 1953); Verulam (Swanepoel, 1953); Eshowe (Swanepoel, 1953); St Lucia Bay (Swanepoel, 1953); Sarnia (Van Son, 1963); Stanger (Van Son, 1963); Kosi Bay Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Tembe Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002). Eastern Cape Province Ngqeleni (Van Son, 1963); Port St Johns (Pringle et al., 1994). Swaziland Mlawula N. R. ( Habitat: Riverine forest (Heath et al., 2002) and escarpment forest (Pringle et al., 1994). In Tanzania in forests, riverine forest and heavy woodland, from near sea-level to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A somewhat gregarious species that usually flies low down, although at times it can fly high up (Van Son, 1963). Large numbers of specimens were seen flying around a jacaranda tree in a garden at Mount Selinda, apparently attracted by honey-dew (Van Son, 1963). Specimens are readily attracted to flowers (Van Son, 1963). Larsen (1991c) noted individuals mudpuddling on the banks of a mountain stream on Mount Sagala, Kenya. Flight period: All year (Van Son, 1963). Early stages: Trimen & Bowker, 1887, Vol. 1: 174 [as Acraea Cabira Hopff.; Springvale, KwaZulu-Natal coast]. Larva. Bluish-green with yellow-ochreous longitudinal lines and transverse bands. Head and segments two, three, and four, yellowish-brown. Longitudinal lines three, a dorsal and two subdorsal ones. From the transverse band on each segment arise the spines, which are rigid and of moderate length, black on the second, twelfth, and thirteenth segments, yellow-ochreous on the rest. The band is marked on each side with a bluish-green subdorsal spot and a black spiracular ring. Pupa. Whitish-green, with the usual pattern of the markings slightly marked, the dorsal markings more pronounced than the others. Mr W.D. Gooch, from whose pencil sketches and notes the above descriptions are made, states that these larvae are very abundant near Springvale, on the Natal Coast, and that there are three broods in the year. They are gregarious, and when young fasten leaves together with silk, feeding on the under side of the leaves. The pupal state usually lasts during ten days, but sometimes only seven days. 29

30 Van Someren & Rogers, Clark, in Van Son, 1963: 56; plate XIX. Egg: The eggs are laid in a rather untidy mass. The first are laid in a more or less neat and regular manner, but subsequent eggs are laid on top of these, three or four deep. They are 0.5 mm in diameter and mm high. The ribs and bracing are very faint. There are about 24 longitudinal ribs braced by 20 cross-braces, but in some eggs they are missing. They are a pale watery whitish yellow at first, darkening to pale dull yellow. The larva hatches after 9 to 12 days. Larva: After hatching the larvae eat the discarded shells. They are gregarious till the penultimate instar when they break up into smaller groups and finally separate. There are two distinct groups, one taking six, the other seven instars. When disturbed, the larvae jerk their heads back over their body and fall to the next leaf, or to the ground, and go through wiggling contortions, then lay still with the head thrown back. The development proceeds as follows: Six instar group: 1 st instar 1.5 mm, growing to 2.75 mm in 8 days; 2 nd instar growing to 4.75 mm in 5 days; 3 rd instar growing to 7.5 mm in 6 days; 4 th instar growing to 11.5 mm in 5 days; 5 th instar growing to 14 (male) or 16 (female) mm in 5 days; 6 th instar growing to 22 (male) or 27.5 (female) mm in 8 days. Seven instar group: 1 st instar 1.25 mm, growing to 2.25 mm in 9 days; 2 nd instar growing to 3.35 mm in 6 days; 3 rd instar growing to 6.25 mm in 5 days; 4 th instar growing to 9.25 mm in 5 days; 5 th instar growing to 12.5 mm in 5 days; 6 th instar growing to 14 mm in 6 days; 7 th instar growing to 22 (males) or 27.5 (females) mm in 7 days. Pupa: The pupa is suspended by cremastral hooks only. That of the male is 15 mm long, of the female 18 mm. The white portions are a shiny, porcelain white which varies slightly in size, especially on the abdomen. Larval food: Cephalomma species (Sterculiaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 153]. Hermannia species (Sterculiaceae) [Clark, vide Van Son, 1963]. Hibiscus species (Malvaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 368]. Lamium (similar to) [Gooch, in Trimen & Bowker, 1887, Vol. 1: 174; Springvale, KwaZulu-Natal coast]. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. (Tiliaceae) [Botha, in Botha & Botha, 2006: 180]. Triumfetta tomentosa Bojer (Tiliaceae) [Platt, 1921]. apecida Oberthür, 1893 (as sp. of Acraea). Études d Entomologie 17: 23 (17-36). Tanzania: Usambara. Treated as a form of Acraea cabira by Bernaud, flavomaculata Lanz, 1896 (as var. of Acraea apecida). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 130 ( ). Tanzania: Tanganjika ; Malawi: Parumbira. Treated as a synonym of Acraea cabira by Bernaud, natalensis Staudinger, 1896 (as var. of Acraea cabira). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 206 ( ). South Africa: Natal ; Mozambique: Delagoa Bay. Treated as a synonym of Acraea cabira by Bernaud, biraca Suffert, 1904 (as ssp. of Acraea cabira). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 33 (12-107). Tanzania: Langenburg am Nyassa See. Treated as a synonym of Acraea cabira by Bernaud, abrupta Grünberg, 1910 (as var. of Acraea apecida). Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1910: 163 ( ). Uganda: Sesse-Inseln. Treated as a synonym of Acraea cabira by Bernaud, swinburnei Stevenson, 1940 (as var. of Acraea cabira apecida). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 3: 98 (88-108). Zimbabwe: Chirinda Forest. Treated as an aberration of Acraea cabira by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) cerasa (Hewitson, [1861])# Tree-top Acraea Acraea cerasa Hewitson, 1861 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 2: 40 ([124] pp.). London. Acraea cerasa Hewitson, Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Acraea cerasa Hewitson. Swanepoel, 1953a. 30

31 Acraea cerasa Hewitson, Dickson & Kroon, Hyalites (Hyalites) cerasa (Hewitson, 1861). Pringle et al., 1994: 76. Telchinia cerasa (Hewitson, 1861). Henning & Williams, 2010: 25. Telchinia cerasa cerasa. Male aberration (Wingspan 35 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Umdoni Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 10 August J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia cerasa cerasa. Female (Wingspan 40 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Umdoni Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 30 December J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: None given. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Swaziland (Duke et al., 1999). Habitat: Forest. Not in temperate forest in southern Africa (Pringle et al., 1994). Subspecies kiellandi flies in forest at elevations of between and m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A common species that tends to fly high up in the forest canopy (Van Son, 1963), as its vernacular name suggests, but it does occasionally come down to lower levels. Individuals have been seen on cowpats and also mudpuddle, especially early in the morning (Larsen, 1991c). It is known to have periodic population explosions (Larsen, 1991c; Larsen, 2005a). Flight period: All year (Van Son, 1963). September to April (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Trimen & Bowker, 1887, Vol. 1: 139 [as Acraea cerasa Hewitson; Pinetown, KwaZulu-Natal]. Larva. Above livid-purplish; a central dorsal dull-greenish streak, edged on both sides by a linear series of small white marks, which on the anterior segments (two to five) are developed into thin transverse striae; a similar series of minute white spots bounds lower edge of livid-purple on each side; below this, each side is olive-greenish; under side and pro-legs light green; head black, shining, striped frontally, superiorly and laterally with white; legs pale greenish, yellowish terminally. Dorsal spines on third to sixth segments considerably longer than the rest, erect, nearly straight, rather thick, with only a terminal bristle, dull greyish; other spines throughout yellowish or greenish white, set with a few whitish bristles; the dorsal ones inclining backward from the ninth to the anal segment. Length 1,25 inches. The very young larvae, according to Colonel Bowker, advance in a regular row, side by side, from the base of a leaf, eating away the parenchyma as they proceed. Pupa. Pale orange-yellow. Two dorsal rows of bright orange black-ringed acute tuberculate spots, and on each side a row of similar (but not tuberculated) spots, mark the abdominal segments, some of the incisions of which are dorsally thinly defined with black. Neuration of wings, and a 31

32 median stripe along back of thorax, and head black. Rather more curved than usual in Acraea pupae; back of thorax very prominent; cephalic tubercles rather acutely pointed. Length 0,5 inches. Van Someren & Rogers, 1925: 120. The eggs of this species are laid in a bunch in most irregular fashion, very often one on top of another, three to four deep, on the underside of a single leaf of Rawsonia usambarensis (Bixaceae). When the female has selected a suitable leaf, she will take up her position on the underside and deposit ten to fifteen eggs in succession and then rest for a while, completing the deposition in the space of an hour or so. She does not leave the leaf until the full complement has been laid. In shape these eggs are barrel-like with indications of longitudinal and transverse grooves. Their surface is highly glazed. The colour is at first creamy, rapidly becoming orange, then greyish. The young larva is brownish, changing at the second moult to a parti-colour dull brownish and black. The first four-and-a-half segments are purply brown, the remainder with the exception of the last two, ochre. The hind segments are coloured as the anterior. A white interrupted line runs the length of the body from the second to the anal segments, just above the level of the legs. The undersurface of the body is yellowish to olive. A mid-dorsal white line extends from the first to the tenth segment. The anterior legs are yellowish with black tips, the hind legs olive. The branched spines on the sixth to anal segments are brownish and short, those anterior to these are very long and black. When disturbed, the larva has the curious habit of arching the front segments and throwing forward the long spines into a bunch over the head. The head is jet black with an inverted white V just above the mouth parts. Fine white hairs cover the lateral lobes. The pupa is rather peculiar, being rather squat and somewhat curved. It is ochreous-brown in colour, and is decorated with fine black lines on the wing-cases. Each abdominal segment is ornamented with raised yellowish spots, two dorsally, one ventrolaterally. The base of each spine is finely encircled in black. The newly emerged butterfly has the tips of the wings opaque greyish. Larval food: Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. (Euphorbiaceae) [S.C. Collins, vide Larsen, 1991c: 371]. Rawsonia lucida Harv. & Sond. (Flacourtiaceae) [Green, vide Platt, 1921; KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa]. Rawsonia lucida Harv. & Sond. (Flacourtiaceae) [Van Someren & Rogers, 1925: 120; as Rawsonia usambarensis]. Rinorea convallarioides (Baker f.) Eyles ssp. occidentalis Grey-Wilson (Violaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323;as Rinorea convallarifolia Brandt]. Telchinia (Telchinia) cerasa cerasa (Hewitson, [1861])# Acraea cerasa Hewitson, 1861 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 2: 40 ([124] pp.). London. Telchinia cerasa cerasa (Hewitson, 1861). Henning & Williams, 2010: 25. Telchinia cerasa cerasa. Male aberration (Wingspan 35 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Umdoni Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 10 August J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. 32

33 Telchinia cerasa cerasa. Female (Wingspan 40 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Umdoni Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 30 December J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: None given. Distribution: Kenya (east of the Rift Valley), Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (eastern border), South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province), Swaziland (Duke et al., 1999). In South Africa its distribution covers 22 quarter degree squares (387 records) [see It is regarded as moderately widespread. Kenya Nairobi (Larsen, 1991c); Meru (Larsen, 1991c); Kijabe (Larsen, 1991c); Nyambeni (Larsen, 1991c); Marsabit (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Mkomazi Game Reserve (Van Noort & Stone, 2000: 77). Mozambique Maronga Forest (Kroon and Pennington); Musapa River Forest (Pinhey). Zimbabwe Honde Valley (D. Plowes, vide Van Son, 1963); Burma Valley (Paré); Chirinda Forest (Pinhey). KwaZulu-Natal Pinetown (Trimen & Bowker, 1887); Oribi Gorge (Swanepoel, 1953); Durban (Swanepoel, 1953); forest below the Karkloof Falls (Swanepoel, 1953); Eshowe (Swanepoel, 1953); Umzinto (Van Son, 1963); Dukuduku Forest (Van Son, 1963); Nkandla Forest (Pringle et al., 1994); Ngoye Forest (Pringle et al., 1994); Mtunzini district (Engelbrecht). Eastern Cape Province Port St Johns (Swanepoel, 1953); Ngqeleni (Van Son, 1963). Telchinia (Telchinia) cerasa cerita (Sharpe, 1906) Acraea cerita Sharpe, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 18: 75 (75-76). Acraea cerasa cerita Sharpe, Bernaud & Ducarme, 2008: 46. Telchinia cerasa cerita (Sharpe, 1906). Henning & Williams, 2010: 25. Telchinia cerasa cerita. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 47mm. Kalinzu For Jun 93. S.C. Collins. (Henning collection H118). 33

34 Type locality: [Uganda]: Entebbe. Distribution: Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo? (east), Tanzania? (extreme north-west), Zambia. Uganda Entebbe (TL); Kayonza, Kigezi (Howarth, 1959); Kalinzu Forest (male illustrated above). Zambia Riverine vegetation on the banks of Mufulira Stream and North Mutundu Stream, both near Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002). kigezia Howarth, 1959 (as ssp. of Acraea cerasa). Entomologist 92: 134 ( ). Uganda: Kayonza, Kigezi. Treated as a synonym of Acraea cerasa cerasa by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) cerasa kiellandi (Carcasson, 1964) Acraea cerasa kiellandi Carcasson, Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society & Coryndon Museum 24 (4): 70 (67-72). Telchinia cerasa kiellandi (Carcasson, 1964). Henning & Williams, 2010: 25. Type locality: Tanzania: Wanzizi, Mpanda District. Diagnosis: A much larger subspecies; apical half as for A. unimaculata but orange-brown area heavily dotted with black spots (the d.s.f. is less heavily dotted than the w.s.f.). Distribution: Tanzania (highlands east of Lake Tanganyika). Tanzania Wanzizi (TL); Lubalizi Valley (Kielland, 1990d); Ntakatta (Kielland, 1990d). Note: Treated as a good species of Acraea by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) circeis (Drury, 1782) White Acraea Papilio circeis Drury, Illustrations of Natural History 3: index et 24 (76 pp.). London. Telchinia circeis (Drury, 1782). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Africa. Diagnosis: Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Angola (north), Democratic Republic of Congo (south-west). Sierra Leone Freetown (Owen & Chanter, 1972). Ghana Atewa Range (Belcastro, vide Larsen, 2005a); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen, 2005a); Aburi Botanical Gardens (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum N.P. (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Akaka (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Mount Belinga (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Bopoto (Eltringham, 1912); Ituri Forest (Eltringham, 1912); Stanley Pool (Eltringham, 1912); Kassai (Eltringham, 1912). Habitat: Mainly wetter forest in good condition, but also in somewhat drier forests (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Males vigorously defend territories from perches in shafts of sunlight 1.5 to 5 m above the ground (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. 34

35 Larval food: Urera oblongifolia Benth. (Urticaceae) [Owen & Owen, 1972; Sierra Leone]. Note: There are two distinct female forms; the male-like female form may belong to a different species (Larsen, 2005a). mandane Fabricius, 1793 (as sp. of Papilio). Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 183 (488pp.). Africa. Treated as a synonym of Acraea cerceis by Bernaud, opis Herbst, 1793 (as sp. of Papilio). Natursystem aller bekannten in- und ausländischen Insekten. Der Schmetterlinge 6: 78 (162 pp.). Berlin. Sierra Leone: Sierra Leona. Treated as a synonym of Acraea cerceis by Bernaud, leona Staudinger, 1896 (as sp. of Acraea). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 199 ( ). Sierra Leone. Treated as a form of Acraea circeis by Bernaud, leonina Bethune-Baker, 1903 (as ssp. of Acraea igola). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 12: 325 ( ). [West Africa]: in the neighbourhood of Sierra Leone. Treated as a synonym of Acraea circeis by Bernaud, reversa Eltringham, 1912 (as f. of Acraea servona). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 296 (1-374). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Congo (Bopoto, Ituri Forest, Stanley Pool, Kassai). Determined to be a form of circeus by Pierre and Bernaud (1999: 589). Treated as a form of Acraea circeis by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) comor (Pierre, 1992) Acraea comor Pierre, Entomologiste (Paris) 48 (6): 358 ( ). Telchinia comor (Pierre, 1992). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Comoro Islands. Distribution: Comoro Islands. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) disjuncta (Grose-Smith, 1898) Acraea disjuncta Grose-Smith, Novitates Zoologicae 5: 351 ( ). Telchinia disjuncta (Grose-Smith, 1898). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia disjuncta. Female (Wingspan 43 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 43 mm. Ziika Forest, Uganda. 26 December P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. 35

36 Type locality: [Kenya]: Nandi country. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya (west), Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu, Ituri),?Rwanda (Larsen, 1991c); Burundi (Larsen, 1991c). Uganda Mafuga Forest (Jackson, 1956). Kenya Nandi (TL); Soy (Larsen, 1991c); Kapsemoite (Larsen, 1991c); Sotik (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c); Tiriki (Larsen, 1991c). Habitat: Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Habits: The flight of this common acraea is slow, like the closely-related Telchinia ansorgei (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Van Someren, Larval food: Urera hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Wedd. (Urticaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323]. kigeziensis Jackson, 1956 (as subspecies of Acraea disjuncta). Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 23: 70 (63-102). [Uganda]: Kigezi, Mafuga forest. Synonymized with disjuncta (Grose-Smith, 1898) by Pierre, 2009: 9. *Telchinia (Telchinia) encedana (Pierre, 1976) Encedana Acraea Acraea encedana Pierre, Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de l Académie des Sciences., Paris (D) 282: 731 ( ). Telchinia encedana (Pierre, 1976). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia encedana. Male (Wingspan 54 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 54 mm. Kakum Forest, Ghana. 20 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Alternative common name: Pierre s Acraea. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Congo belge, Kadjudja. Diagnosis: Compared to the very similar Telchinia encedon, the ground colour is of a deeper orange tone and the post-discal black spots on the hindwing underside are closer to the cell (Larsen, 1991c). Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia (north-west and Copperbelt), Mozambique. 36

37 Senegal Basse Casamance (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Hans Cottage, Cape Coast (Larsen, 2005a). Benin Lokoli swamp forest (Tchibozo et al., 2008). Nigeria near Lagos (Larsen, 2005a); Kaduna (R. St Leger, vide Larsen, 2005a); Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Adamaua (Aurivillius, 1905). Democratic Republic of Congo Kadjudja (TL); Rutschuru Plain (Pierre, 1976). Uganda Budongo Forest (male illustrated above). Tanzania Most parts of the country (Kielland, 1990d); Ukerewe Island (Le Doux, 1923); Katavi National Park (Fitzherbert et al., 2006). Zambia Chishi Island, Lake Bangweulu (Le Doux, 1931); Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Kabompo River (Heath et al., 2002); Solwezi (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Open areas near swampy ground (Larsen, 2005a). From sea-level to high mountains (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Occurs in very localized, often densely-populated, colonies (Larsen, 2005a) but is less common and more localized than its sister-species, Telchinia encedon (Larsen, 1991c). It flies low down, keeping within the colonial boundaries (Larsen, 1991c). Numbers were once seen feeding from Tridax flowers in Ghana (Larsen, 2005a). See Telchinia encedon for notes on the phenomenon of all-female broods, which also affects this species. Early stages: Guilbot & Pierre, Owen & Smith, Bernaud, 2000a. Jiggins et al., 2003: 70. The eggs are laid in 2 to 3 layers, touching one another. Mean clutch size is 106 (n=4). Larval food: Desmodium salicifolium (Poir.) DC. (Fabaceae) [Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978 (Ivory Coast); Jiggins et al., 2003 (Uganda)]. Relevant literature: Jiggins, 2002 [Female swarming behaviour]. alcippina Aurivillius, 1899 in Aurivillius, (as ab. of Acraea encedon). Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar 31 (5): 111 (1-561). Cameroon: Kamerun. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/e). Treated as a form of Acraea encedana by Bernaud, radiata Aurivillius, 1905 (as ab. of Acraea encedon). Arkiv för Zoologi 2 (12): 4 (47 pp.) Cameroon: Adamaua. Treated as a synonym of Acraea encedana by Bernaud, dairalcippa Le Doux, 1923 (as female f. of Acraea encedon). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1923: 216 ( ). Tanzania: Insel Ukerewe (Deutsch-Ostafrika). Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedana by Bernaud, micropunctata Le Doux, 1931 (as f. of Acraea encedon). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17: 263 ( ). Liberia: Hinterland von Liberia. Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedana by Bernaud, macropunctata Le Doux, 1931 (as f. of Acraea encedon). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17: 264 ( ). Zambia: Chisi-Insel, Lake Bangweolo, NO-Rhodesia. Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedana by Bernaud,

38 radiofasciata Stoneham, 1943 (as replacement name for Acraea encedon ab. radiata Aurivillius). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 2 (4 pp.). Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedana by Bernaud, dairana Pierre, 1976 (as morph [female] of Acraea encedana). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.) 12: 632 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Rutschuru Plain. Treated as a form of Acraea encedana by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) encedon (Linnaeus, 1758)# White-barred Acraea Common Mimic Acraea (Telchinia encedon). Left male upperside. Centre male underside. Right female underside. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte (left) and Steve Woodhall (centre and right). Papilio encedon Linnaeus, Systema Naturae 1, Regnum Animale, 10 th edition: 488 (824 pp.). Holmiae. Acraea lycia Fabricius. Trimen, 1862c. [Synonym of Telchinia encedon] Acraea encedon (Linnaeus, 1764). Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Acraea encedon Linnaeus. Swanepoel, 1953a. Acraea encedon (Linnaeus, 1758). Dickson & Kroon, Hyalites (Hyalites) encedon (Linnaeus, 1758). Pringle et al., 1994: 79. Telchinia encedon (Linnaeus, 1758). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia encedon encedon. Male (Wingspan 45 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Giyani, Limpopo Province. 2 May M.C. Williams Collection. 38

39 Telchinia encedon encedon. Male (Wingspan 46 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 16 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia encedon encedon. Female (Wingspan 50 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 12 May M.C. Williams Collection. Alternative common names: Common Mimic Acraea; Encedon Acraea (Larsen, 2005a). Type locality: [Africa]: Indiis. [False locality.] Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Tchibozo et al., 2008), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland (Duke et al., 1999), Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Comoro Islands, Madagascar. Apparently absent from Somalia (Larsen, 1991c). Habitat: Mainly in savannas but also in clear-felled areas in the forest zone and in anthropogenic environments (Larsen, 1991c; Larsen, 2005a). In Madagascar in forest margins and anthropogenic environments (Lees et al., 2003). From sea-level to m in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A common butterfly that is often found in localized colonies (Larsen, 2005a). Specimens fly slowly, low down, and settle on low vegetation. Males frequently hilltop (Pringle et al. 1994) but also show patrolling behaviour on the flats (Larsen, 2005a). They are inordinately fond of flowers, including those of Tridax (Larsen, 1991c; Larsen, 2005a). Communal roosting has been regularly observed in this species (Larsen, 1991c). Both this species and Telchinia encedana are mullerian mimics of Danaus chrysippus. The amazing phenomenon of all-female broods in this species, due to infection with malekilling bacteria, is dealt with in a number of papers by Jiggins and co-workers, from the late 1990 s, onwards. Flight period: All year (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Fawcett, 1901: 294. (Trans Zool. Soc. Lond.) Van Someren & Rogers, 1926: 73 (ssp. encedon). Clark, in Van Son, 1963: 66; plate XXI (ssp. encedon). 39

40 Egg. The eggs are laid in clusters of from 50 to 500 each. They average 0.5 mm in diameter by 0.75 mm high, and have longitudinal ribs braced by some 14 cross-ribs. The top of the egg is flat, and the bracing breaks up into a reticulate pattern over the top. Pale whitish yellow at first, they only darken slightly with time. They hatch in about 14 days. Larva. 1 st instar: The young larvae eat their way out near the top, and, after a rest, eat the discarded shells. Any eggs left in hatching are liable to be eaten. On hatching the young larvae are 1.25 mm long. They rest a while, then gather together and commence to feed on the surface of the leaf. The black setae are without barbs and have a slight blob on the end; this is transparent and gives the impression of the tip being split. The larvae spin a mat over the leaf, to which their excerta cling, making a protective, though filthy, cache. The larvae grow to mm in 6 days. Moulting takes place where they are feeding. In the 2 nd instar the protuberances take quite an appreciable time to expand and seem to be forced out by the larvae, then harden. The body is covered with a fine fur. The instar lasts 6 to 7 days, and the larvae grow to mm. There is very little change in the 3 rd instar which lasts 6 to 7 days, the larvae growing to mm. 4 th instar: Slight yellow colouring appears on some of the white markings. The instar lasts 6-7 days, and the larvae grow to mm. 5 th instar: The yellow encroachment continues; the instar lasts 6 to 7 days, the larvae growing to mm. In this instar the larvae begin to break away from each other. 6 th (final) instar: The larvae are separated, which renders them less noticeable. The instar lasts 7 to 8 days, the size of the larvae reaching 33 mm. Pupa. The pupa is 19 mm long and is suspended by cremastral hooks to trees, shrubs, etc. The butterfly emerges after about 11 days. Guilbot & Pierre, Carcasson, 1981 [larva and pupa]. Larsen, 1991c: 362. A. [T.] encedon lays tidy, well-spaced clusters of moderate size, while A. [T.] encedana lays large clusters in layers three deep, all the eggs touching each other. The untidy clusters of the Ethiopian A. [T.] necoda reach eggs if the female is not interrupted while laying. Owen & Smith, Bernaud, 2000a. Jiggins et al., 2003: 70. The eggs are laid in a single layer, touching. Larval food: Aeschynomene afraspera J.Léonard (Fabaceae) [Pierre et al., 2003]. Commelina benghalensis L. (Commelinaceae) [Jiggins et al., 2003; Uganda]. Commelina diffusa Burm.f. (Commelinaceae) [Platt, 1921 (South Africa); Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978 (Ivory Coast)]. Commelina species (Commelinaceae) [Fawcett, 1901; South Africa]. Desmodium salicifolium (Poir.) DC. (Fabaceae) [Jiggins et al., 2003; Uganda]. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan (Commelinaceae) [Van Son, 1963: 66; as Commelina nudiflora Linn.]. Pouzolzia species (Urticaceae) [Owen & Owen, 1972; Sierra Leone]. Urera hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Wedd. (Urticaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323]. Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) (exotic) [Jiggins et al., 2003; in captivity]. Relevant literature: Congdon, 2002 [Hilltopping behaviour]. Jiggins, 2002 [Female swarming behaviour]. Jiggins et al., 2002 [Infection with Wolbachia]. Telchinia (Telchinia) encedon encedon (Linnaeus, 1758)# Papilio encedon Linnaeus, Systema Naturae 1, Regnum Animale, 10 th edition: 488 (824 pp.). Holmiae. Hyalites (Hyalites) encedon encedon (Linnaeus, 1758). Pringle et al., 1994:

41 Telchinia encedon encedon (Linnaeus, 1758). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia encedon encedon. Male (Wingspan 45 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Giyani, Limpopo Province. 2 May M.C. Williams Collection. Telchinia encedon encedon. Male (Wingspan 46 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 16 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia encedon encedon. Female (Wingspan 50 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 12 May M.C. Williams Collection. Type locality: [Africa]: Indiis. [False locality.] Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin (Tchibozo et al., 2008), Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana (north and east), Namibia (north), South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, North West Province, Gauteng, Free State Province, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province), Swaziland (Duke et al., 1999), Comoro Islands, Madagascar. Guinea Bissau Bissao (Le Doux, 1931). 41

42 Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin Lokoli (Tchibozo et al., 2008). Nigeria Burutu (Schultze, 1923); Adamua (Schultze, 1923); Kano (Le Doux, 1931). Cameroon Jabassi, Simikoa-Kombotto (Le Doux, 1931); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Libreville (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Lambarene (van de Weghe, 2010); Lake Evaro (van de Weghe, 2010); Gamba (van de Weghe, 2010); Akaka (van de Weghe, 2010). Angola Chinchoxo (Le Doux, 1931). Democratic Republic of Congo Beni-Bendi, Sankuru (Le Doux, 1931); Stanley Falls (Le Doux, 1931); Vivu Plateau (Le Doux, 1931). Uganda Bunjaka Hoima (Le Doux, 1931). Tanzania In most parts of the country (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru (Vuillot, 1891); Morogoro (Strand, 1912); Ukerewe Island (Le Doux, 1923); Bugufi (Le Doux, 1931); Usagara (Le Doux, 1931); Kilosa (Le Doux, 1931); Lake Tanganyika (Le Doux, 1931); Mpala (Le Doux, 1931); Usambara (Le Doux, 1931). Malawi Mt Mulanje (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Ndola (Heath et al., 2002); Katambora Rapids (Heath et al., 2002); Victoria Falls (Heath et al., 2002); Katavi National Park (Fitzherbert et al., 2006). Mozambique Maputo (Van Son, 1963); Pungwe River (Van Son, 1963); Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010). Botswana Damara Pan (Van Son, 1963); Ngotwane Siding (Larsen, 1991l); Chobe (Larsen, 1991l); Okavango (Larsen, 1991l); Molepolole (SAH vide Larsen, 1991l); Ngotwane River (Larsen, 1991l); Limpopo River (Larsen, 1991l); Motloutse River (Larsen, 1991l); Tati River (Larsen, 1991l); Nata (Larsen, 1991l); Kasane (Larsen, 1991l). Namibia Damaraland (Van Son, 1963); Ovamboland (Van Son, 1963). Limpopo Province Mica (Swanepoel, 1953); Letaba (Swanepoel, 1953); Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve ( Malta Forest ) (Swanepoel, 1953); Duiwelskloof (Swanepoel, 1953); Mokeetsi (Swanepoel, 1953); Groot Spelonken (Swanepoel, 1953); Elim (Swanepoel, 1953); Sibasa (Swanepoel, 1953); Louis Trichardt (Swanepoel, 1953); Waterpoort (Swanepoel, 1953); Saltpan (Swanepoel, 1953); Polokwane (Swanepoel, 1953); Potgietersrus (Swanepoel, 1953); Naboomspruit (Swanepoel, 1953); Ofcolaco (Van Son, 1963). Mpumalanga Barberton (Swanepoel, 1953); Lydenburg district (Swanepoel, 1953); Acornhoek (Van Son, 1963); Mariepskop area (Henning, 1994c). North West Province Crocodile Poort, Brits district (Van Son, 1963); Rustenburg (Van Son, 1963); Kgaswane Mountain Reserve (Williams); Utopia Resort (C. Dobson, 2006). Gauteng Pretoria (Van Son, 1963); Tswaing Crater (Williams); Dinokeng Elands River (Williams). Free State Province Bloemfontein (Van Son, 1963). KwaZulu-Natal Margate (Swanepoel, 1953); Umkomaas (Swanepoel, 1953); Durban (Swanepoel, 1953); Pietermaritzburg (Swanepoel, 1953); Eshowe (Swanepoel, 1953); St Lucia Bay (Swanepoel, 1953); Port Shepstone (Van Son, 1963); Illovo River (Van Son, 1963); Isipingo (Van Son, 1963; male illustrated above); Greytown (Van Son, 1963); Empangeni (Van Son, 1963); Sehangwana (Van Son, 1963); Kosi Bay Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Tembe Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Ndumo Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); La Lucia (female illustrated above). Eastern Cape Province East London (Swanepoel, 1953); King William s Town (Swanepoel, 1953); Bashee River (Swanepoel, 1953); Port St Johns (Swanepoel, 1953); Ngqeleni (Van Son, 1963); Embotyi (Van Son, 1963); Lusikisiki (Van Son, 1963); Umsikaba (Van Son, 1963). Swaziland Mlawula N. R. ( Malolotja N. R. ( encedonia Linnaeus, 1767 (as sp. of Papilio). Systema Naturae 1, Regnum Animale, 12 th edition: 762. Holmiae. Treated as a synonym of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, lycia Fabricius, 1775 (as sp. of Papilio). Systema Entomologiae 464 (832 pp.). Flensburgi & Lipsiae. Sierra 42

43 Leone: Sierra Leon. NB see remarks in regard to this taxon in Larsen, 2005a: 447. Treated as a form of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, sganzini Boisduval, 1833 (as sp. of Acraea). Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2:? ( ). Madagascar. Treated as a synonym of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, fulva Doubleday, 1848 in Doubleday & Westwood, [ ] (as var. of Acraea lycia). The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: 140 (1: pp.; 2: pp.). London. Congo. Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, daira Godman & Salvin, 1884 (as sp. of Acraea). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884: 221 ( ). Nigeria: ad ripas fl. Niger. Treated as a form of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, braunei Staudinger, 1885 in Staudinger & Schatz, (as sp. of Acraea). Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 83 (333 pp.). Bayern. Cameroon: Camerun. Treated as a synonym of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, infuscata Staudinger, 1885 in Staudinger & Schatz, (as ab. of Acraea lycia). Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 83 (333 pp.). Bayern. Cameroon: Camerun. Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, usagarae Vuillot, 1891 (as sp. of Acraea). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 60: 78 (78-79). Tanzania: N Guru (Zanguebar). Treated as a synonym of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, ascrepticia Strand, 1912 (as ab. of Acraea encedon lycia). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78 (A.1.): 81 (67-92). Tanzania: Morogoro. Treated as a synonym of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, fumosa Aurivillius, 1913 in Seitz, (as ab. of Acraea encedon). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 258 (614 pp.). No locality given. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/e). Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, commixta Poulton, 1913 in Eltringham, 1913 (as f. of Acraea encedon). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1913: 409 ( ). Sierra Leone; Nigeria. Treated as a form of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, alcippoides Le Doux, 1923 (as female f. of Acraea encedon). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1923: 216 ( ). Tanzania: Insel Ukerewe (Deutsch-Ostafrika). Treated as an aberration Acraea encedon by Bernaud, nigeriae Schultze, 1923 in Schultze & Aurivillius, 1923 (as var. of Acraea encedon). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1 (17): 1128 ( ). Nigeria: Burutu (Niger-Mündung); Mubi (Adamua). Treated as a synonym of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, perradiata Le Cerf, 1927 (as f. of Acraea encedon). Encyclopédie Entomologique (B. 3. Lepidoptera) 2: 53 (44-58). Democratic Republic of Congo: Congo belge central. Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, carbonaria Le Cerf, 1927 (as f. of Acraea encedon lycia). Encyclopédie Entomologique (B. 3. Lepidoptera) 2: 53 (44-58). Uganda: Prov. d Ounyoro, Ouganda. Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, poultoni Le Doux, 1931 (as f. of Acraea encedon). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17: 262 ( ). Uganda: Bunjaka Hoima ; Tanzania: Bugufi, N.O. Tanganyika. Treated as a synonym of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, infuscatoides Le Doux, 1931 (as f. of Acraea encedon). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17: 263 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Oberer Congo; Beni-Bendi, Sankuru. Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud,

44 umbratalcippina Le Doux, 1931 (as f. of Acraea encedon). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17: 264 ( ). Uganda: Region Buganda ; Tanzania: Neuwied, Ukerewe. Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, lycoides Le Doux, 1931 (as f. of Acraea encedon). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17: 264 ( ). Angola: Chinchoxo ; Tanzania: Usagara, Kilosa; Tanganyika See; Region Mpala; Usambara ; Democratic Republic of Congo: Congo, Stanley Falls; Vivu Plateau. Treated as a synonym of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, fulvoides Le Doux, 1931 (as f. of Acraea lycia). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17: 265 ( ). Nigeria: Kano, Nord-Nigerien. Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, encedonoides Le Doux, 1931 (as ssp. of Acraea lycia). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17: 253, 265 ( ). Guinea-Bissau: Bissao, Portug. Guinea ; Cameroon: Kamerun, Jabassi, Simikoa-Kombotto. Treated as a synonym of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, aurantiaca Le Doux, 1931 (as f. of Acraea lycia). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17: 266 ( ). Nigeria: Kano, Nord-Nigeria. Treated as an aberration of Acraea encedon encedon by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) encedon rathjensi (Le Doux, 1933) Acraea encedon rathjensi Le Doux, Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft 23: 35 (35-36). Telchinia encedon rathjensi (Le Doux, 1933). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Yemen: Musemir-Aden; Sana. Distribution: Saudi Arabia (south-west), Yemen. Yemen Musemir-Aden (TL); Sana (Le Doux, 1933). *Telchinia (Telchinia) encoda (Pierre, 1981) Acraea encoda Pierre, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 86: 80 (79-87). Telchinia encoda (Pierre, 1981). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Gabon: Makokou. Distribution: Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Gabon Makokou (TL); Kongou (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Commelina species (Commelinaceae) [Jiggins et al., 2003]. *Telchinia (Telchinia) esebria (Hewitson, [1861])# Dusky Acraea 44

45 Dusky Acraea (Telchinia esebria). Left female upperside. Right male underside. Images courtesy Steve Woodhall. Acraea esebria Hewitson, 1861 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterfies 2: 40 ([124] pp.). London. Acraea protea Trimen, Trimen, 1862c. [Synonym of Telchinia esebria] Planema esebria (Hewitson, 1861). Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Acraea esebria Hewitson. Swanepoel, 1953a. Acraea esebria Hewitson, Dickson & Kroon, Hyalites (Hyalites) esebria (Hewitson, 1861). Pringle et al., 1994: 78. Telchinia esebria (Hewitson, 1861). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia esebria. Male (Wingspan 51 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Strijdom Tunnel, Limpopo, South Afica. 16 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia esebria. Male (Wingspan 49 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Malelane, Mpumalanga, South Africa. 16 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. 45

46 Telchinia esebria. Male (Wingspan 50 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Oribi Gorge, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 30 March J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia esebria. Female (Wingspan 57 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Port Edward, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 29 December J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [South Africa]: Natal. Distribution: Sudan (south), Ethiopia (Larsen, 1991c), Uganda, Kenya (east of the Rift Valley and South Kavirondo), Tanzania, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (Lualaba, Bas-Fleuve, Tshopo), Malawi, Zambia (north-west and Copperbelt), Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia (Caprivi), South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province), Swaziland (Duke et al., 1999). Uganda Mukombo (Stoneham, 1943). Kenya Kibwezi (Sharpe, 1890); Nairobi (Poulton, 1927); Kijabe (Stoneham, 1943); Shimba Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Nairobi (Poulton, 1927); Ngong (Larsen, 1991c); Teita Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Rabai (Larsen, 1991c); Sagala (Larsen, 1991c); Namanga (Larsen, 1991c); Gilgil (Larsen, 1991c); South Kavirondo (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania West Usambara (Aurivillius, 1904); Arusha (Neustetter, 1916); Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Gombe (Kielland, 1990d); coast (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Ukaguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Pare Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Northern Highlands (Kielland, 1990d); Mount Longido (Kielland, 1990d). Angola Ambriz (Butler, 1874); Bembe (Butler, 1874). Malawi near Florence Bay (Eltringham, 1912); Zomba Mountain (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia Kasangezhi (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Mokambo (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique Amatongas forest (Van Son, 1963); Dondo (Van Son, 1963); Busi River (Van Son, 1963). Zimbabwe Mutare (O Neal, 1919); Chirinda (O Neal, 1919); Mount Selinda (Van Son, 1963). Namibia Katima Mulilo (Pringle et al. 1994). Limpopo Province Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve ( Malta Forest ) (Swanepoel, 1953); Woodbush (Swanepoel, 1953); Sibasa (Swanepoel, 1953); Entabeni Forest (Swanepoel, 1953); Louis Trichardt 46

47 (Swanepoel, 1953); Saltpan (Swanepoel, 1953); Letaba (Van Son, 1963); Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve (Warren, 1990). Mpumalanga Barberton (Swanepoel, 1953); Graskop (Swanepoel, 1953); Sabie (Swanepoel, 1953); Marieps Kop (Swanepoel, 1953); Malelane (Van Son, 1963); Buffelskloof Nature Reserve (Williams). KwaZulu-Natal Durban (Trimen, 1862c); Llabisa (Eltringham, 1912); Oribi Gorge (Swanepoel, 1953); Umkomaas (Swanepoel, 1953); Pietermaritzburg (Swanepoel, 1953); Eshowe (Swanepoel, 1953); St Lucia Bay (Swanepoel, 1953); Port Shepstone (Van Son, 1963); Isipingo (Van Son, 1962); Sarnia (Van Son, 1963); Dukuduku Forest (Van Son, 1963); Hluhluwe (Van Son, 1963); Kosi Bay Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Tembe Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Ndumo Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Muden (H. Cookson; male illustrated above). Eastern Cape Province King William s Town (Trimen, 1862c); East London (Swanepoel, 1953); Butterworth (Swanepoel, 1953); Bashee River (Swanepoel, 1953); Port St Johns (Swanepoel, 1953); Ngqeleni (Van Son, 1963); Embotyi Forest (Van Son, 1963); Lusikisiki (Van Son, 1963); Umsikaba (Van Son, 1963). Swaziland Mlawula N. R. ( Habitat: Coastal and submontane forest (Van Son, 1963). Also in dense savanna and agricultural land with tree cover (Larsen, 1991c). In Tanzania at altitudes from sea-level to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A very common species (Kielland, 1990d). Flies slowly in forest glades and along forest edges, settling frequently (Pringle et al. 1994). It often flies together with Acraea aganice (Van Son, 1963). Both sexes are fond of flowers, both those growing low down as well as high up in flowering trees (Van Son, 1963). Flight period: All year (Van Son, 1963). Early stages: Trimen & Bowker, 1887, Vol. 1: 178 [as Planema Esebria (Hewitson); King William's Town, Eastern Cape]. Larva. About 1¼ inches long. Pale ochreous-brown; each segment (except head and segment next to it) banded transversely and centrally with a black streak edged on both sides with a pale-yellow streak. A lateral stripe of the same pale-yellow. Head black. Second, twelfth, and thirteenth segments each with two black spines; third and fourth segments each with two pairs of black spines; each of the remaining segments with four black spines springing from central black streak, and two lateral pale-yellow spines. On a species of Fleurya, in February and March. (Plate I fig. 2). Pupa. About ¾ inch long. Chalky-white, with a faint yellowish tinge. A series of very fine linear black markings along dorso-thoracic ridge. Antennae and wing-nervues faintly indicated by delicate linear black markings. Five rows of abdominal black spots, viz., two dorsal, two lateral, and one ventral; these markings are sometimes slightly tinged with orange, and the dorsal ones on the first three segments of the abdomen are conspicuously orange, black-edged, tubercular, and pointed. At anal extremity three looped black marks. Head very slightly bifid. Thorax prominently angulated at bases of wing-covers, and with a pair of smaller projections posteriorly. Duration of pupal state eight days. (Plate I fig. 2a). Mr. J.P. Mansel Weale, from whose drawings and notes the foregoing descriptions of the larva and pupa are drawn up, writes that in some specimens kept in a dark box all the resulting pupae were paleochreous, with the black and orange markings much intensified. Of seven imagines bred in 1873, Mr Weale wrote that the first, second, and sixth that came out were of the form with all the bands yellow; the fourth with yellow bands, except the subapical bar of the fore-wings, which was white; the fifth with all the bands white; and the third and seventh with brick-red bands and yellow subapical forewing bar. Van Someren & Rogers, 1926, No. 27: 240. The eggs of this species are laid in groups on the undersurface of the leaves of Pouzolzia parasitica Schweinfurt. (Urticaceae), a plant which grows on the borders of open areas of forest where there is sufficient moisture and shade. The larvae are at first olive-brown but at the second moult olive subsequently changing to oliveochreous with, at the centre of each segment, a black vertical line outlined with ochreous and brown. A wide spiracular of ochreous runs the length of the body from the second to the penultimate segment. From this is a narrow interrupted black line; lower surface of the body, brownish olive. Head brownish black with a V-shaped central mark. Spines long and black except those on the body line, these are ochreous. Pupa: Elongate, white, or ochreous, with black lines on the wing cases and thorax, two containing chains of black marks dorso-laterally and ventrally run the length of the abdomen, each link with a pale yellowish or orange central spot. Clark, in Van Son, 1963: 60, plate XX. 47

48 Egg: The eggs are laid in clusters on the underside of a leaf of the food-plant. They vary slightly in size, but average 0.5 mm in diameter by 0.95 mm high, with 14 to 16 longitudinal ridges cross-braced by from 16 to 18 transverse ribs; pale watery yellow, whitening at the extremities; the top is flat. The larva hatches after 13 days. Larva: The young larvae devour the discarded shells after a rest, and after a further rest gather together and feed on the surface of the leaf; their excreta are caught up in a web and form a protective shelter. The larvae are gregarious until the penultimate instar. There are five larval instars, the development proceeding as follows: 1 st instar 1.75 mm, growing to 3.5 mm in 6 days; 2 nd instar growing to 6.5 mm in 6 days; 3 rd instar growing to 11 mm in 6 days; 4 th instar growing to 16 mm in 8 days; 5 th instar growing to 29 to 33 mm in 9 days. Pupa: The pupa is secured by cremastral hooks only and hangs downwards. It is whitish with rows of black-edged salmon spots, and is 19 to 20 mm long, the female being the larger. The imago emerges after 8 to 14 days. Larval food: Boehmeria species (Urticaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 44]. Laportea peduncularis (Wedd.) Chew (Urticaceae) [Clark, vide Van Son, 1963: 61; as Fleurya mitis Wedd.]. Laportea peduncularis (Wedd.) Chew (Urticaceae) [Dickson & Kroon, 1978]. Laportea species (Urticaceae) [Mansel Weale, in Trimen & Bowker, 1887, Vol. 1: 178; King William's Town, Eastern Cape; as Fleurya species]. Obetia tenax (N.E.Br.) Friis (Urticaceae) [Clark, vide Van Son, 1963; as Urera tenax N.E. Br.]. Pouzolzia mixta Solms (Urticaceae) [Nicholls, 1995]. Pouzolzia parasitica (Forssk.) Schweinf. (Urticaceae) [Van Someren & Rogers, 1926]. Pouzolzia procridioides Wedd. (Urticaceae) [Clark, vide Van Son, 1963: 61]. Urera hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Wedd. (Urticaceae) [Mullin, vide Pringle et al., 1994: 78]. Urera trinervis (Hochst.) Friis & Immelman (Urticaceae) [Green, vide Platt, 1921; as U. cameroonensis Wedd.]. Urtica species (Urticaceae) [Fawcett]. protea Trimen, 1862 (as sp. of Acraea). Rhopalocera Africae Australis Part 1. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae, Acraeidae, and Nymphalidae 110 (190 pp.). Cape Town. South Africa: Natal; King William s Town, Port Natal. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, metaprotea Butler, 1874 (as sp. of Planema). Cistula Entomologica 1: 211 ( ). Angola: Ambriz. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, monteironis Butler, 1874 (as sp. of Planema). Cistula Entomologica 1: 211 ( ). Angola: Ambriz and Bembe. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, arctifascia Butler, 1874 (as sp. of Planema). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874: 427 ( ). Angola. Treated as a synonym of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, pseudoprotea Butler, 1874 (as sp. of Planema). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874: 428 ( ). Angola. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, amphiprotea Butler, 1874 (as sp. of Planema). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874: 428 ( ). Angola. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, jacksoni Sharpe, 1890 (as sp. of Planema). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 5: 335 ( ). Kenya: Kibwezi. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, ertli Aurivillius, 1904 (as sp. of Acraea). Entomologisk Tidskrift 25: 94 (92-96). Tanzania: Deutsch Ost- Afrika; West Usambara. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, nubilata Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea esebria). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 334 (1-374). South Africa: E. Central Zululand, Llabisa. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, inaureata Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea jodutta). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 334 (1-374). Malawi: Nr. Florence Bay. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, 48

49 2009. kibwezia Strand, 1913 (as f. of Acraea esebria). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.6.): 116 ( ). Kenya: Kibwezi in Britisch Ost-Afrika. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, actinotis Neustetter, 1916 (as var. of Acraea esebria). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 98 (95-108). Tanzania: Aruscha, D. O. Afrika. Treated as an aberration of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, swynnertoni O Neal, 1919 (as f. of Acraea esebria). Proceedings and Transactions of the Rhodesia Scientific Association 17: 62 (25-65). Zimbabwe: Umtali, Chirinda. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, victoris Poulton, 1927 (as female f. of Acraea esebria). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 2: 8 (5-10). Kenya: Nairobi. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, flavibrunnea Stoneham, 1943 (as f. of Acraea esebria). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 1 (4 pp.). Kenya: Kenya Colony, Kijabe. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, pallidibrunnea Stoneham, 1943 (as f. of Acraea esebria). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 1 (4 pp.). Uganda: Mukombo, Uganda Protectorate. Treated as a form of Acraea esebria by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) excelsior (Sharpe, 1891) Acraea excelsior Sharpe, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891: 192 ( ). Telchinia excelsior (Sharpe, 1891). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Kenya]: Kikuyu. Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania. Records of this species from southern Tanzania and Malawi are probably erroneous, perhaps referring to Telchinia goetzei (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Montane forest. In Kenya it is not usually found at altitudes below m (Larsen, 1991c). In Tanzania at altitudes from to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Found in localized populations, which may contain large numbers of individuals (Larsen, 1991c). The flight is slow (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Triumfetta brachycerus K.Schum. (Tiliaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323; as Triumfetta macrophylla]. Telchinia (Telchinia) excelsior excelsior (Sharpe, 1891) Acraea excelsior Sharpe, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891: 192 ( ). Telchinia excelsior excelsior (Sharpe, 1891). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Kenya]: Kikuyu. Distribution: Kenya (central fringes of the Aberdare Mountains). Kenya Upper Moyo (Larsen, 1991c); Kinangop (Larsen, 1991c); Uplands (Larsen, 1991c); Katamayu (Larsen, 1991c); Nanyuki (Larsen, 1991c). Telchinia (Telchinia) excelsior usambarae (Jackson, 1951) 49

50 Acraea excelsior usambarae Jackson, Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 20: 103 (91-105). Telchinia excelsior usambarae (Jackson, 1951). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Tanzania]: Usambara Mts. Distribution: Tanzania (north-east). Tanzania Usambara Mountains (TL); Mamahisara Forest in Mbulu (Kielland, 1990d); Nou Forest in Mbulu (Kielland, 1990d); Ukaguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d). *Telchinia (Telchinia) fornax (Butler, 1879) Acraea fornax Butler, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 4: 230 ( ). Telchinia fornax (Butler, 1879). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Madagascar: Fianarantsoa. Distribution: Madagascar. Madagascar Fianarantsoa (TL); Antsianaka (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. smithi Mabille, 1880 (as sp. of Acraea). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 9: 341 ( ). Madagascar. Treated as a synonym of Acraea fornax by Bernaud, 2009 and spelt as smithii. blachieri Oberthür, 1916 (as var. of Acraea fornax). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 156 ( ). Madagascar: Antsianaka. Treated as a form of Acraea fornax by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) goetzei (Thurau, 1903) Acraea goetzei Thurau, Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 132 ( ). Hyalites (Hyalites) acerata (Thurau, 1903). Pringle et al., 1994: 78. Telchinia goetzei (Thurau, 1903). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia goetzei. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 40mm. Zomba, Malawi N.K.O.J. (Curle Trust Collection 50). 50

51 Telchinia goetzei. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 47mm. Zomba, Malawi. 29.v R.J. Mijburgh. (Curle Trust Collection 51). Type locality: Nyssa-See. Distribution: Uganda (south-west), Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo (south Kivu), Tanzania (south and west), Malawi (south), Zambia (east), Mozambique, Zimbabwe (Honde Valley single record). Tanzania Ufipa Highlands (Kielland, 1990d); Tukuyu (Kielland, 1990d); Njombe (Kielland, 1990d); Livingstone Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); west of Songea (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Image Mountain (Kielland, 1990d); Rubeho Mountains (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi Dedza (Neave, 1904); Mt Mulanje (Pringle et al., 1994); Zomba Mountain (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia Mbala (Heath et al., 2002); Nyika (Heath et al., 2002); Makutu Mountains (Heath et al., 2002). Mozabique Njesi Plateau (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Inago (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010). Zimbabwe Honde Valley (Gallagher; single record). Habitat: Montane forest (Heath et al., 2002). Gifford (1965) records it from the fringes of montane forest and, less commonly, in submontane situations. In Tanzania at altitudes from to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Nothing published. Flight period: All year, being commonest from March to June (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. (Tiliaceae) [Congdon, vide Kielland, 1990d: 157]. byatti Neave, 1904 (as sp. of Acraea). Novitates Zoologicae 11: 328 ( ). Malawi: Dedza, Angoniland. Treated as a synonym of Acraea goetzei by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) grosvenori (Eltringham, 1912) Acraea grosvenori Eltringham, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 276 (1-374). Telchinia grosvenori (Eltringham, 1912). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Rutschuru R., S. of Albert Nyanza. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east north Kivu), Uganda (west). Democratic Republic of Congo Rutschuru River (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 51

52 *Telchinia (Telchinia) hecqui (Berger, 1981) Acraea hecqui Berger, Les Papillons du Zaire 201 (543 pp.). Bruxelles. Telchinia hecqui (Berger, 1981). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu-Sud: Musisi-Kahusi. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south Kivu). Democratic Republic of Congo Musisi-Kahusi (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) humilis (Sharpe, 1897) Acraea humilis Sharpe, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 19: 582 ( ). Telchinia humilis (Sharpe, 1897). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Uganda]: Ntebe. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Uganda Entebbe (TL). Kenya Nandi (Larsen, 1991c); Tiriki (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c); Elgon area (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Kere Hill, Minziro (Congdon & Collins, 1998; single male). Habitat: Dense forest (Larsen, 1991c). Van Someren & Rogers (1926) state that it is encountered especially in clearings in moister parts of the forest. Habits: This appears to be a rare butterfly (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) insularis (Sharpe, 1893) Acraea insularis Sharpe, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893: 555 ( ). Telchinia insularis (Sharpe, 1893). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Sao Tome & Principe: St. Nicolau. Distribution: Sao Tome & Principe (island of Sao Tome). Sao Tome & Principe St Nicolau (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) iturina (Grose-Smith, 1890) Ituri Glassy Acraea Acraea iturina Grose-Smith, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890: 465 ( ). Telchinia iturina (Grose-Smith, 1890). Silva-Brandao et al.,

53 Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Aruwimi. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Recorded, in error, from Kenya by Neave, 1904 (Larsen, 1991c: 361). Speciic localities: Nigeria Gashaka-Gumpti N.P. (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Camp PPG (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Aruwimi (TL). Uganda Budongo Forest (Stoneham, 1936). Tanzania Kere Hill, Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998; a pair). Habitat: Forest at altitudes of 900 to m (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Usually found in high density localized populations. The larval food-plant grows mainly in small clearings along streams (Larsen, 2005a). Tends to fly high up in the trees (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Early stages: Bernaud, 1994d [Cameroon]. Larval food: Urera cordifolia Engl. (Urticaceae) [Bernaud, 1994; Cameroon; only the broad-leaved montane form of this plant]. iturinoides Stoneham, 1936 (as sp. of Acraea). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (28): [1] ([2 pp.]). Uganda: Budongo Forest. Treated as a synonym of Acraea iturina iturina by Bernaud, sinepeduncles Stoneham, 1936 (as f. of Acraea iturina). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (28): [2] ([2 pp.]). Uganda: Budongo Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea iturina iturina by Bernaud, albicolor Stoneham, 1943 (as f. of Acraea iturina). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 4 (4 pp.). Uganda: Budongo Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea iturina by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) kakana (Eltringham, 1911) Acraea iturina kakana Eltringham, Novitates Zoologicae 18: 150 ( ). Telchinia iturina kakana (Eltringham, 1911). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia kakana (Eltringham, 1911). Pierre, 2009: 7, stat. nov. Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Adie Kaka, Kaffa. Distribution: Ethiopia (south-west). Ethiopia Adie Kaka, Kaffa (TL); Oumbi Forest (Ungemach, 1932). infernalis Ungemach, 1932 (as ab. of Acraea kakana). Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 82 (1-122). Ethiopia: Forêt d Oumbi. Treated as an aberration of Acraea kakana kakana by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) jodutta (Fabricius, 1793) Jodutta Acraea Papilio jodutta Fabricius, Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 175 (488 pp.). Telchinia jodutta (Fabricius, 1793). Silva-Brandao et al.,

54 Telchinia jodutta jodutta. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 58mm. Kakamega, Kenya, 01.00N-34.00E. 16.I (Curle Trust Collection 48). Telchinia jodutta jodutta. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 60mm. Kakamega, Kenya, 01.00N-34.00E. 16.I (Curle Trust Collection 49). Type locality: [Ghana]: Ashanti. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome & Principe, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Recorded, in error, from Senegal in Kielland (1990), Larsen (1991) and Ackery et al. (1995) (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest. In Tanzania at altitudes between 800 and m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A relatively common butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). The flight is weak and close to the ground. Specimens keep to the shade of the forest but will venture into the sunshine to feed from patches of flowers (Larsen, 1991c). Females looking for oviposition sites, like those of Acraea epaea, fly very close to the ground (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Van Someren & Rogers, Bernaud, Pierre, Bernaud & Oremans, Larval food: Boehmeria nivea (Urticaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 157]. Fleurya (?) species (Urticaceae) [Larsen, 1991c]. Pouzolzia species (Urticaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 157]. Urera species (Urticaceae) [Larsen, 2005a]. 54

55 Telchinia (Telchinia) jodutta jodutta (Fabricius, 1793) Papilio jodutta Fabricius, Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 175 (488 pp.). Telchinia jodutta jodutta (Fabricius, 1793). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia jodutta jodutta. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 58mm. Kakamega, Kenya, 01.00N-34.00E. 16.I (Curle Trust Collection 48). Telchinia jodutta jodutta. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 60mm. Kakamega, Kenya, 01.00N-34.00E. 16.I (Curle Trust Collection 49). Type locality: [Ghana]: Ashanti. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Sao Tome & Principe, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan (south), Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (west), Zambia. Guinea Nimbas (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Ashanti (TL); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria Lagos (Eltringham, 1912); Oni (Eltringham, 1912). Cameroon Buea (Strand, 1914); Belun (Schultze, 1923); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Libreville (van de Weghe, 2010); Ivindo N.P. (van de Weghe, 2010). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Uganda Entebbe (Sharpe, 1902). Kenya Tiriki (Eltringham, 1912); Ebua River, South Kavirondo (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c; male and female illustrated above); Elgon area (Larsen, 1991c). 55

56 Tanzania Mpanda District (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma District (Kielland, 1990d). carmentis Doubleday, 1847 in Doubleday & Westwood, [ ] (as sp. of Acraea). The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: pl.19 [1847], 140 [1848] (1: pp.; 2: pp.). London. Ghana: Ashanti. Treated as a form of Acraea jodutta jodutta by Bernaud, flava Dewitz, 1879 (as sp. of Acraea). Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicum Naturae Curiosorum 4 (2): 191 ( ). Guinea ; Senegal. Treated as a synonym of Acraea jodutta jodutta by Bernaud, dorotheae Sharpe, 1902 (as sp. of Planema). Entomologist 35: 135 (135). Uganda: Entebbe. Treated as a synonym of Acraea violarum by Bernaud, Treated as a form of Acraea jodutta jodutta by Bernaud, interjecta Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea jodutta). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 329 (1-374). Kenya: British E. Africa, Tiriki. Treated as a form of Acraea jodutta jodutta by Bernaud, subfulva Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea jodutta). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 329 (1-374). Sierra Leone: S. Leone. Treated as a form of Acraea jodutta jodutta by Bernaud, castanea Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea jodutta). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 329 (1-374). Nigeria: Lagos, Oni. Treated as a form of Acraea jodutta jodutta by Bernaud, joduttana Strand, 1914 (as f. of Acraea jodutta). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 105 (97-144). Cameroon: Kamerun: Buea. Treated as a form of Acraea jodutta jodutta by Bernaud, integra Schultze, 1923 in Schultze and Aurivillius, 1923 (as female ab. of Acraea jodutta). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1(17): 1121 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun, Belun (Randgebirge). Treated as a form of Acraea jodutta jodutta by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) jodutta aethiops (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905) Acraea jodutta aethiops Rothschild & Jordan, Novitates Zoologicae 12: 183 ( ). Telchinia jodutta aethiops (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Dereta Mts., Kaffa; Gamitscha to Anderatscha, Kaffa. Distribution: Ethiopia. Ethiopia Dereta Mountains (TL); Gamitscha (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905); Anderatscha (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905); Oumbi (Ungemach, 1932). clara Ungemach, 1932 (as ab. of Acraea jodutta). Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 73 (1-122). Ethiopia: Oumbi. Treated as an aberration of Acraea jodutta aethiops by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) johnstoni (Godman, 1885) Johnston s Acraea Acraea johnstoni Godman, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885: 537 ( ). Acraea johnstoni confusa (Rogenhofer, 1891). Dickson & Kroon, Hyalites (Hyalites) johnstoni (Godman, 1885). Pringle et al., 1994:

57 Telchinia johnstoni (Godman, 1885). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia johnstoni. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 59mm. Mafinga. 20.IX.81. A. Heath. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Type locality: [Tanzania]: Kilima-njaro, 5500 ft.. Distribution: Sudan (south), Uganda (north), Ethiopia, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kielland, 1990d); Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique (west), Zimbabwe (east). Kenya Meru (Rogenhofer, 1891); Teita Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Chyulu Hills (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Kilimanjaro, 5500 feet (TL); widespread, except north-west (Kielland, 1990d); Usangi, Pare (Rogenhofer, 1891); Nyika, Tschagga (Rogenhofer, 1891); Usambara (Oberthür, 1893); Morogoro (Oberthür, 1893); Mpwapwa (Karsch, 1894). Malawi Mt Mulanje (Carpenter, 1932); Zomba Mountain (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia Kalambo Falls (Mbala) (Heath et al., 2002); Makutu Mountains (Heath et al., 2002); Mafinga Mountains (Heath et al., 2002; male illustrated above). Mozambique Mt Chiperone (Carpenter, 1932); Border Farm, near Penhalonga (Pennington); Mt Inago (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010). Zimbabwe Mutare (Van Son, 1963); Mount Selinda (Van Son, 1963). Habitat: Montane and submontane forest (Larsen, 1991c; Pringle et al., 1994). In Tanzania at altitudes from near sea-level to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Very common in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Flies slowly, often high up, usually settling on the leaves of trees in the forest canopy (Pringle et al., 1994). Often seen feeding from flowers on the edges of forest glades (Van Son, 1963). Males sometimes show an aggressive flight display, swooping up and down, and backwards and forwards, along the edge of the forest (Larsen, 1991c). Flight period: All year (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Van Someren & Rogers, 1926: 243. Egg. The eggs of this species are like those of A. esebria but are more truncate and are laid on the same food-plant. Larva. The newly emerged larva is blackish brown or olive brown above, with interrupted dorsal and dorso-lateral lines of tawny ochreous. The spiracular line is ochreous outlined below by a broken black line. The spines are long, with fully developed branches. The dorsal and dorso-lateral spines are black, the lateral ones ochreous. Pupa. White or ochreous, with narrow black lines on the wing scutae; black diamond marks on the thorax and black rings containing yellow spots on the dorso-lateral, lateral, and ventral surfaces. Pierre & Bernaud, 2003a. Larval food: Boehmeria species (Urticaceae) [Congdon & Bampton, unpublished 2003; Ambangulu, Tanzania]. Fleurya species (Urticaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 365]. Laportea species (Urticaceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 43]. 57

58 Pouzolzia parasitica (Forssk.) Schweinf. (Urticaceae) [Van Someren & Rogers, 1926: 243]. Urera species (Urticaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 365]. Urera trinervis (Hochst.) Friis & Immelman (Urticaceae) [Bampton, vide Pringle et al., 1994: 79; Malawi]. Relevant literature: Pierre & Bernaud, 2003a [Taxonomy and early stages]. confusa Rogenhofer, 1891 (as sp. of Planema). In: Baumann, O., Usambara und Seine Nachbargebiete: 326 ( ). Berlin. Tanzania: Usangi, Pare; Nyika, Tschagga. Treated as a form of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, telekiana Rogenhofer, 1891 (as sp. of Planema). In: Baumann, O., Usambara und Seine Nachbargebiete: 459 ( ). Berlin. Kenya: Meru. Treated as a synonym of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, proteina Oberthür, 1893 (as sp. of Acraea). Études d Entomologie 17: 25 (17-36). [Tanzania]: Usambara. Treated as a synonym of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, flavescens Oberthür, 1893 (as var. of Acraea proteina). Études d Entomologie 17: 26 (17-36). Tanzania: Morogoro. Treated as a form of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, semialbescens Oberthür, 1893 (as var. of Acraea proteina). Études d Entomologie 17: 26 (17-36). Tanzania: Usambara. Treated as a form of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, fulvescens Oberthür, 1893 (as var. of Acraea proteina). Études d Entomologie 17: 26 (17-36). Tanzania: Usambara. Treated as a form of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, semifulvescens Oberthür, 1893 (as var. of Acraea proteina). Études d Entomologie 17: 26 (17-36). Tanzania: Usambara. Treated as a form of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, octobalia Karsch, 1894 (as sp. of Acraea). Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 222 ( ). Tanzania: Mpwapwa. Treated as a synonym of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, silvicola Richelmann, 1913 (as sp. of Acraea). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 7: 106 ( ). Tanzania: Usambara, Schumewald, 2000 m. Treated as a synonym of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, valdemaculosa Carpenter, 1932 (as f. of Acraea johnstoni). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 80: 255 ( ). Malawi: Nyasaland, Mt. Mlanje. Treated as a form of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, pretiosa Carpenter, 1932 (as f. of Acraea johnstoni). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 80: 256 ( ). Malawi: Mt. Mlanje ; Mozambique: Port. E. Africa, Mt. Chiperone. Treated as a form of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) kalinzu (Carpenter, 1936) Acraea kalinzu Carpenter, Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 5: 162 ( ). Telchinia kalinzu (Carpenter, 1936). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Uganda]: Kalinzu Forest. Diagnosis: Smaller than H. iturina with a narrower hindwing marginal band. Males may have a white hindwing patch, as in Acraea leucographa (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Uganda (west), Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu), Tanzania (north-west). Uganda Kalinzu Forest (TL). Tanzania Kere Hill, Minziro (Kielland, vide Congdon & Collins, 1998). Habitat: Montane forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998). 58

59 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. albipicta Carpenter, 1936 (as var. of Acraea kalinzu). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 5: 163 ( ). Uganda: Kalinzu Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea kalinzu by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) kraka (Aurivillius, 1893) Kraka Glassy Acraea Acraea kraka Aurivillius, Entomologisk Tidskrift 14: 272 ( ). Type locality: Cameroon: Bibundi, Bonge. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/k). Distribution: Ghana, Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Ituri, Kivu), Uganda (west). Ghana Kibi (Usher, 1986); Tana Ofin (ABRI). Nigeria Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Bibundi, Bonge (TL); Rumpi Hills (Bernaud, vide Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Mount Belinga (van de Weghe, 2010). Uganda Bwamba Pass (Carpenter, 1932). Habitat: Upland forest in Ghana (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Localized and uncommon at most times but it is known to have periodic population explosions (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Bernaud, 1993a. Larval food: Caloncoba species (Flacoutiaceae) [Bernaud, 1993]. Note: Treated as a species of Acraea by van de Weghe (2010: 312). pallida Carpenter, 1932 (as var. of Acraea kraka). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 6: 76 (76-77). Type locality: Uganda: Bwamba Pass, Mt. Ruwenzori. Synonymized with Acraea kraka Aurivillius, 1893 by Bernaud & Ducarme, Treated as a form of Acraea kraka by Bernaud, kibi Usher, 1986 (as ssp. of Acraea kraka). Systematic Entomology 11: 111 ( ). Type locality: Ghana: Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Kibi. Synonymized with Acraea kraka Aurivillius, 1893 by Bernaud & Ducarme, Treated as a synonym of Acraea kraka by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) lia (Mabille, 1879) Acraea lia Mabille, Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris (7) 3: 132 ( ). Telchinia lia (Mabille, 1879). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Madagascar.] Distribution: Madagascar, Comoro Islands (Mayotte, Anjouan). Habitat: Transformed grasslands (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 59

60 *Telchinia (Telchinia) lumiri (Bethune-Baker, 1908) Acraea lumiri Bethune-Baker, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 471 ( ). Telchinia lumiri (Bethune-Baker, 1908). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kissegneis to Lumieri, Albert Edward Lake. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (central), Uganda. Cameroon Simekoa Kombokotto (Strand, 1914). Gabon Chaillu Massif (Pierre & Bernaud, 2009); Makokou (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Kissegneis to Lumieri (TL). Uganda Kalinzu Forest(Bernaud & Lequeux, 2011). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. camerunica Strand, 1914 (as var. of Acraea lumiri). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 99 (97-144). Cameroon: Kamerun; Simekoa Kombokotto, Assoko Jaundesgebiet. Treated as a form of Acraea lumiri by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) lycoa (Godart, [1819]) Lycoa Acraea Acraea lycoa Godart, 1819 in Latreille & Godart, [1819], [1824]. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: 239 (1-328 [1819], [1824]). Paris. Telchinia lycoa (Godart, 1819). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia lycoa. Male (Wingspan 45 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 45 mm. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. 60

61 Telchinia lycoa. Female (Wingspan 50 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 50 mm. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [West Africa]: Afrique. Distribution: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Ghana Shai Hills, Accra Plain (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin Lokoli (Tchibozo et al., 2008). Cameroon Bonge (Eltringham, 1911); Itoki (Eltringham, 1911); Kitta (Eltringham, 1911); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Fernan Vaz (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo S. Lufonso River, Lake Mweru district (Joicey & Talbot, 1927); Maperonga (Dufrane, 1945). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Uganda Unyoro, Entebbe (Eltringham, 1911). Burundi Urundi Country between Lake Tanganyka and Lake Victoria (Eltringham, 1911). Ethiopia Dereta Mountains, Kaffa (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905). Kenya Taveta (Rogenhofer, 1891); Mount Kenya (Eltringham, 1911); Kikuyu Escarpment (Eltringham, 1911); Tiriki Hills (Eltringham, 1911); Rabai (Carcasson, 1961); Meru (Larsen, 1991c); Nyambeni (Larsen, 1991c); Uplands (Larsen, 1991c); Nairobi (Larsen, 1991c); Kitale (Larsen, 1991c); Sotik (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Kilimanjaro (Oberthür, 1893); Mpanda District (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma District (Kielland, 1990d); Mount Meru (Kielland, 1990d); Oldeani-Ngorongoro (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Kakoma (Heath et al., 2002); Sakeji River (Heath et al., 2002); Hillwood Farm (Ikelenge) (Heath et al., 2002; female illustrated above); Kanyita Stream (Mwinilunga) (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Forest, including dry and somewhat degraded forest (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania at altitudes between 800 and m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: This is a seasonally common species, which flies low down and weakly. Both sexes come to flowers in open places (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Pierre & Bernaud, 2003b: 419. Larval food: Aneleima species (Commelinaceae) [Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978; Ivory Coast]. Fleurya species (Urticaceae) [Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978; Ivory Coast; in captivity]. Pouzolzia guineensis Benth. (Urticaceae) [Owen, 1971; Sierra Leone]. Pouzolzia parasitica (Forssk.) Schweinf. (Urticaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 322]. Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae) [Smith, 1965; Ghana]. Relevant literature: Pierre & Bernaud, 2003b [Taxonomy and early stages]. fallax Rogenhofer, 1891 (as sp. of Planema). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 6: 459 ( ). Type locality: Kenya: Taveta. Treated as a subspecies of Telchinia lycoa by Ackery et al., Synonymized with Acraea (Actinote) lycoa by Pierre & Bernaud, 2003b. Treated as a form of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, kilimandjara Oberthür, 1893 (as sp. of Acraea). Études d Entomologie 17: 26 (17-36). Tanzania: 61

62 Kilimandjaro. Treated as a synonym of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, aequalis Rothschild & Jordan (as ssp. of Acraea lycoa). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 184 ( ). Type locality: Ethiopia: Dereta Mts., Kaffa. [Synonymized with Acraea (Actinote) lycoa by Pierre & Bernaud, 2003b]. Treated as a form of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, bukoba Eltringham, 1911 (as ssp. of Acraea lycoa). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1911: 12 (1-15). Burundi: Urundi Country between L. Tanganyka and L. V. Nyanza. [Invalid; junior primary homonym of Acraea terpsichore var. bukoba Weymer, 1903 [Acraeinae].] Treated as a synonym of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, entebbia Eltringham, 1911 (as ssp. of Acraea lycoa). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1911: 12 (1-15). Type locality: Uganda: Unyoro, Entebbe. [Synonymized with Acraea (Actinote) lycoa by Pierre & Bernaud, 2003b]. Treated as a synonym of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, kenia Eltringham, 1911 (as ssp. of Acraea lycoa). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1911: 13 (1-15). Type locality: Kenya: Mount Kenia, Kikuyu Escarpment. Synonymized with Acraea (Actinote) lycoa by Pierre & Bernaud, 2003b. Treated as a synonym of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, media Eltringham, 1911 (as ssp. of Acraea lycoa). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1911: 12 (1-15). Type locality: Cameroon: Bonge, Itoki, Kitta. Synonymized with Acraea (Actinote) lycoa by Pierre & Bernaud, 2003b. Treated as a form of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, tirika Eltringham, 1911 (as ssp. of Acraea lycoa). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1911: 13 (1-15). Type locality: Kenya: Eastern shore of L. V. Nyanza, Tiriki Hills. Synonymized with Acraea (Actinote) lycoa by Pierre & Bernaud, 2003b. Treated as a synonym of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, eltringhami Schouteden, 1919 (as f. of Acraea lycoa). Revue Zoologique Africaine 6: 162 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Au kilomètre 209 de Kindu. [Infrasubspecific as originally proposed and unavailable as a species-group name being a homonym of Acraea eltringhami Joicey & Talbot.] Treated as a synonym of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, praelongata Joicey & Talbot, 1927 (as female f. of Acraea johnstoni). Encyclopédie Entomologique (B.3. Lepidoptera) 2: 13 (1-14). Democratic Republic of Congo: S.E. Congo; S. Lufonso River, Lake Mweru district. Treated as a synonym of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, mediafra Stoneham, 1936 (as [unnecessary] replacement name for Acraea lycoa media Eltringham). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (28): [2] ([2 pp.]). Treated as a synonym of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, bipunctata Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Acraea lycoa bukoba). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 107 (90-143). Democratic Republic of Congo: Maperonga. Treated as an aberration of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, stonehami d Abrera, 1980 (as ssp. of Acraea lycoa). Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 135 (593 pp.). Melbourne. Type locality: Burundi: Urundi Country between L. Tanganyka and L. V. Nyanza. Synonymized with Acraea (Actinote) lycoa by Pierre & Bernaud, 2003b. Treated as a synonym of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, praelongata Hancock & Heath, 1988 (as ssp. of Acraea johnstoni). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 100: 138 ( ). Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: S. Lufonso R., Lake Mweru district, SE Zaire. Given as Acraea (Actinote) johnstoni praelongata in Ackery et al., 1995: 257. Transferred to H. lycoa (Godart, 1819) by Heath et al., 2002: vii, 43. Pierre & Bernaud (2003: 167), obviously unaware of Heath et al. s treatment, synonymized praelongata with johnstoni. All subspecies synonymized with Acraea (Actinote) lycoa by Pierre & Bernaud, 2003b. Treated as a synonym of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud, albimaculosa Hancock & Heath, 1988 (as female f. of Acraea johnstoni praelongata). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 100: 138 ( ). Zambia: Mwinilunga, N. Rhodesia. Treated as a synonym of Acraea johnstoni by Bernaud,

63 kindua Ackery, 1995 (as replacement name for eltringhami Schouteden, 1919). In: Ackery et al., 1995: 258. Democratic Republic of Congo: Au kilomètre 209 de Kindi. Synonymized with praelongata Hancock & Heath, 1988 by Heath et al., 2002: vii, 43. Treated as a synonym of Acraea lycoa by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) masamba (Ward, 1872) Acraea masamba Ward, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 9: 3 (2-3). Telchinia masamba (Ward, 1872). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Madagascar Fenerive (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. ruepelli Saalmuller, 1878 (as sp. of Acraea). Bericht über die Senckenbergischen Naturforschen Gesellschaft 1878: 80 (71-96). Madagascar: Madagaskar. Treated as a synonym of Acraea masamba by Bernaud, 2009 and spelt as rueppelli. boseae Saalmuller, 1880 (as sp. of Acraea). Bericht über die Senckenbergischen Naturforschen Gesellschaft 1880: 259 ( ). Madagascar: Madagaskar. Treated as a form of Acraea masamba by Bernaud, vulgaris Oberthür, 1916 (as race? of Acraea masamba). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 168 ( ). Madagascar: Fénérive. Treated as an aberration of Acraea masamba by Bernaud, torquata Le Cerf, 1927 (as f. of Acraea masamba). Encyclopédie Entomologique (B. 3. Lepidoptera) 2: 57 (44-58). Madagascar: Madagascar (? region de Tamatavo). Treated as an aberration of Acraea masamba by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) masaris (Oberthür, 1893) Acraea masaris Oberthür, Études d Entomologie 17: 27 (17-36). Acraea esebria masaris Oberthür, Ackery et al., 1995: 256. Acraea masaris Oberthür, Henning, G. 1993: 54. Telchinia masaris (Oberthür, 1893). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Comoro Islands: Iles Comores, Anjouan. Distribution: Comoro Islands. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Telchinia (Telchinia) masaris masaris (Oberthür, 1893) Acraea masaris Oberthür, Études d Entomologie 17: 27 (17-36). Acraea esebria masaris Oberthür, Ackery et al., 1995: 256. Acraea masaris masaris Oberthür, Henning, G. 1993: 54. Telchinia masaris masaris (Oberthür, 1893). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Comoro Islands: Iles Comores, Anjouan. 63

64 Distribution: Comoro Islands. Telchinia (Telchinia) masaris jodina (Pierre, 1992) Acraea masaris jodina Pierre, Entomologiste (Paris) 48 (6): 358 ( ). Telchinia masaris jodina (Pierre, 1992). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Comoro Islands. Distribution: Comoro Islands. *Telchinia (Telchinia) necoda (Hewitson, [1861]) Acraea necoda Hewitson, 1861 in Hewitson, Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 2: 39 ([124] pp.). London. Telchinia necoda (Hewitson, 1861). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Abyssinia. Distribution: Ethiopia (central and northern plateau). Early stages: Pierre, 1984b. Larsen, 1991c: 363. The untidy egg clusters may consist of eggs if the female is not interrupted while laying. Larval food: Urticaceae [Pierre, 1984b]. Urtica species (Urticaceae) [Jiggins et al., 2003]. *Telchinia (Telchinia) obeira (Hewitson, 1863) Acraea obeira Hewitson, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863: 65 (64-65). Hyalites (Hyalites) obeira (Hewitson, 1863). Pringle et al., 1994: 76. Telchinia obeira (Hewitson, 1863). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Unknown (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. piva Guenée, 1865 (as sp. of Acrea [sic]). In: Vinson, A., Voyage à Madagascar au Couronnement de Radama II 34 (25-48). Paris. Madagascar. Treated as a synonym of Acraea obeira by Bernaud, andromba Grose-Smith, 1891 (as sp. of Acraea). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 124 ( ). Madagascar. Treated as a synonym of Acraea obeira by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) oberthueri (Butler, 1895) 64

65 Acraea oberthueri Butler, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 16: 271 (271). Telchinia oberthueri (Butler, 1895). Silva-Brandao et al., Common name: Oberthuer s Acraea. Type locality: No locality given.?cameroon (Larsen, 2005a). Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini and Bioko), Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (south and east), Tanzania (west). Recorded, in error, from Ghana by Ackery et al., 1995 (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Johann-Albrechthöhe (Suffert, 1904); Lolodorf (Suffert, 1904); Malen (Schul;tze, 1923); Viktoria (Le Doux, 1923); Lolodorf (Le Doux, 1923); Jabassi (Le Doux, 1923); Bipindi (Le Doux, 1923); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Ekouk (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Mount Belinga (van de Weghe, 2010); Ekouyi (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Mawamba near Ukaika (Rebel, 1914); Aruwimi (Schouteden, 1919). Habitat: Dense forest and mature secondary growth (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A fairly common species that keeps to the forest undergrowth, rarely venturing out into the open (Larsen, 2005a). It serves as a model for the female of the lycaenid Mimacraea apicalis (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Bernaud & Pierre, Larval food: Ancistrocarpus densispinosus Oliv. (Tiliaceae) [Bampton et al., 1991 (Congo); Bernaud & Pierre, 1997]. Grewia species (Tiliaceae) [Bernaud & Pierre, 1997]. confluens Suffert, 1904 (as ssp. of Acraea oberthueri). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 33 (12-107). Cameroon: Johann-Albrechthöhe, Nord-Camerun; Lolodorf, Süd-Camerun. Treated as an aberration of Acraea oberthueri by Bernaud, laetopicta Rebel, 1914 (as var. of Acraea oberthueri). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien 28: 233 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Urwalde bei Mawamba bis Ukaika. Note: Treated as a subspecies of Acraea oberthueri by Bernaud, confluens Schouteden, 1919 (as var. of Acrea [sic] oberthuri [sic]). Revue Zoologique Africaine 6: 159 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Aruwimi. Treated as an aberration of Acraea oberthueri laetopicta by Bernaud, ornata Schultze, 1923 In Schultze & Aurivillius, 1923 (as ab. of Acraea oberthueri). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1(17): 1130 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun, Malén. Treated as an aberration of Acraea oberthueri by Bernaud, kuntzeni Le Doux, 1923 (as f. of Acraea oberthueri). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1923: 222 ( ). Cameroon: Viktoria, Lolodorf, Jabassi und Bipindi, Kamerun ; Gabon: Gabun. Treated as a form of Acraea oberthueri by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) orestia (Hewitson, 1874) Orestia Glassy Acraea Acraea orestia Hewitson, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 11: 131 ( ). Telchinia orestia (Hewitson, 1874). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Central African 65

66 Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Habitat: Disturbed forest and successional growth (Larsen, 2005a). Subspecies sambar in lowland and submontane forest (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Rare west of the Dahomey Gap, becoming commoner in eastern Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). There are periodic population irruptions (Larsen, 1991c). The flight is weak and low down but they may fly high up when feeding in the crown of flowering trees (Larsen, 1991c: Larsen, 2005a). Muddy patches, urine and excrement are known to attract the species (Larsen, 1991c). Courting pairs may circle around each other for a considerable time (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Pierre & Bernaud, Larval food: Fleurya species (Urticaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 160; ssp. orestia]. Laportea ovalifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Chew (Urticaceae) [Pierre & Bernaud, 1995]. Telchinia (Telchinia) orestia orestia (Hewitson, 1874) Acraea orestia Hewitson, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 11: 131 ( ). Telchinia orestia orestia (Hewitson, 1874). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Diagnosis: Compared to subspecies sambar the ground-colour on the upperside is a darker red-brown; on the hindwing upperside the spots are less well developed and the black marginal band is a little broader (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Ivory Coast Danane (Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978). Ghana Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Winneba (Larsen, 2005a); near Kumasi (Larsen, 2005a); Kintampo Falls (Larsen, 2005a); near Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a); Krokosua Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria Lagos (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Bojongo (Plotz, 1880); Bibundi (Strand, 1914); Victoria (Strand, 1914); Moliwe (Strand, 1914); Simekoa, Kombokotto (Strand, 1914); Assaka (Strand, 1914); Molundu (Schultze, 1923); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Franceville (van de Weghe, 2010). Uganda Damba Island, Entebbe (Eltringham, 1912); Mabira Forest (Eltringham, 1913); Katera (Stoneham, 1943). Kenya Tiriki Hills (Eltringham, 1912) Tanzania Minziro forests (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Rumanyika Game Reserve (rare) (Congdon & Collins, 1998). orestina Plötz, 1880 (as sp. of Acraea). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 41: 190 ( ). Cameroon: Bojongo (Cameron-Gébirge). Treated as a synonym of Acraea orestia orestia by Bernaud, transita Eltringham, 1912 (as f. of Acraea orestia). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 307 (1-374). Kenya: Tiriki Hills ; Uganda: Entebbe, Damba I.. Treated as a form of Acraea orestia orestia by Bernaud, carpenteri Eltringham, 1913 (as f. of Acraea orestia). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1913: 407 ( ). Uganda: Mabira Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea orestia orestia by Bernaud, 66

67 2009. moliwensis Strand, 1914 (as ab. of Acraea orestia). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 102 (97-144). Cameroon: Kamerun: Bibundi; Victoria; Moliwe b. Victoria; Simekoa, Kombokotto; Assaka, Simekoa- Jaundestation. Treated as an aberration of Acraea orestia orestia by Bernaud, acutipennis Schultze, 1923 in Schultze & Aurivillius, 1923 (as sp. of Acraea). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1(17): 1140 ( ). Cameroon: Süd-Kamerun, Molundu. Treated as a synonym of Acraea orestia by Bernaud, clara Stoneham, 1943 (as f. of Acraea orestia). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 2 (4 pp.). Uganda: Katera, Uganda Protectorate. Treated as a form of Acraea orestia orestia by Bernaud, pseudohumilis Stoneham, 1943 (as f. of Acraea orestia). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 2 (4 pp.). Kenya: Tiriki Hills ; Uganda: Entebbe, Damba I.. Treated as a form of Acraea orestia orestia by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) orestia sambar (Stoneham, 1943) Acraea sambar Stoneham, Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 2 (4 pp.). Acraea orestia sambar Stoneham, Kielland, 1990d: 160. Telchinia orestia sambar (Stoneham, 1943). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Tanzania]: Usambara, Tanganyika Territory. Distribution: Tanzania (north-east Usambara Mountains). Tanzania Usambara Mountians (TL). Note: Treated as a synonym of Acraea orestia orestia by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) pelopeia (Staudinger, 1896) Acraea peneleos form [?] pelopeia Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 199 ( ). Telchinia pelopeia (Staudinger, 1896). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Congo. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, to Democratic Republic of Congo (east), Central African Republic. Gabon Ngomo (Blachier, 1912); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Ituri (Aurivillius, 1925). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. tropicalis Blachier, 1912 (as sp. of Acraea). Bulletin de la Société Lépidoptérologique de Genève 2: 174 ( ). Gabon: Ngomo, sur l Ogoué. Treated as a form of Acraea pelopeia by Bernaud, lineata Aurivillius, 1925 (as var. of Acraea pelopeia). Archiv för Zoologi 17 (A) (32): 4 (20 pp.). Democratic Republic of Congo: Ituri. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/p). Treated as an aberration of Acraea pelopeia by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) peneleos (Ward, 1871) 67

68 Peneleos Acraea Peneleos Acraea (Telchinia peneleos), Uganda. Image courtesy Jeremy Dobson. Acraea peneleos Ward, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 8: 60 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, ). Telchinia peneleos (Ward, 1871). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia peneleos peneleos. Male (Wingspan 48 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 48 mm. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Nigeria: Old Calabar. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat: Forest of all types but not degraded forest (Heath et al., 2002; Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania at altitudes between 780 and m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: At times common, especially during the dry season, but at other times it is scarce (Larsen, 2005a). Males frequently mudpuddle and both sexes feed from flowers, especially those of Eupatorium (Larsen, 2005a). The flight is not as strong as related species such as Telchinia oreas and Telchinia parrhasia (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Fleurya species (Urticaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 160]. Urera species (Urticaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 160]. Urera cordifolia Engl. (Urticaceae) [Bernaud, 1995]. Telchinia (Telchinia) peneleos peneleos (Ward, 1871) 68

69 Acraea peneleos Ward, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 8: 60 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, ). Telchinia peneleos peneleos (Ward, 1871). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia peneleos peneleos. Male (Wingspan 48 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 48 mm. Biakpa Mountain Paradise, Ghana. 24 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Nigeria: Old Calabar. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon (south-west), Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon. Ghana Wli Falls (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria Old Calabar (TL); Lagos (Eltringham, 1912). Cameroon Marak Station (Birket-Smith, 1960); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Libreville (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Mitzic (van de Weghe, 2010); Ovan (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010); Ekouyi (van de Weghe, 2010); camp PPG (van de Weghe, 2010). helvimaculata Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea peneleos). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 271 (1-374). Nigeria: Lagos. Treated as a form of Acraea peneleos peneleos by Bernaud, lactimaculata Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea peneleos). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 271 (1-374). Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Treated as a form of Acraea peneleos peneleos by Bernaud, sepia Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea peneleos). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 272 (1-374). Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Treated as a form of Acraea peneleos peneleos by Bernaud, pseudopelasgius Strand, 1914 (as f. of Acraea peneleos). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 103 (97-144). Cameroon? Treated as a form of Acraea peneleos peneleos by Bernaud, peneloides Strand, 1914 (as f. of Acraea peneleos). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 104 (97-144). Cameroon? Treated as a form of Acraea peneleos peneleos by Bernaud, 2009 and spelt as peneleoides. castanea Schultze, 1923 in Schultze & Aurivillius, 1923 (as female ab. of Acraea peneleos). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1(17): 1124 ( ). Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Treated as a form of Acraea peneleos peneleos by Bernaud, strigipygida Birket-Smith, 1960 (as ab. of Acraea peneleos peneleos). Bulletin de l Institut Français d Afrique Noire (A) 22: 962 ( , , ). Cameroon: French Cameroons, Marak Station. Treated as an aberration of Acraea peneleos peneleos by Bernaud,

70 Telchinia (Telchinia) peneleos gelonica (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905) Acraea peneleos gelonica Rothschild & Jordan, Novitates Zoologicae 12: 183 ( ). Telchinia peneleos gelonica (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Upper Gelo River. Distribution: Ethiopia (south). Ethiopia Upper Gelo River (TL). Telchinia (Telchinia) peneleos pelasgius (Grose-Smith, 1900) Acraea pelasgius Grose-Smith, Novitates Zoologicae 7: 545 ( ). Telchinia peneleos pelasgius (Grose-Smith, 1900). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia peneleos pelasgius. Male (Wingspan 48 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 48 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 15 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Uganda: Port Alice. Distribution: Cameroon (except south-west), Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (west), Zambia (north-west). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Uganda Port Alice (TL); Mabira Forest (male illustrated above). Kenya Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c); South Kavirondo (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Kasoge at the foot of Mahale Mountain (Kielland, 1990d); Mihumu, Kigoma District (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Kasangezhi (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002). Note: Treated as a form of Acraea peneleos peneleos by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) pentapolis (Ward, 1871) Scarce Tree-top Acraea Acraea pentapolis Ward, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 8: 60 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, ). Hyalites (Hyalites) pentapolis (Ward, 1871). Pringle et al., 1994: 76. Telchinia pentapolis (Ward, 1871). Silva-Brandao et al.,

71 Telchinia pentapolis pentapolis. Male (Wingspan 66 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 66 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 23 November P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia pentapolis pentapolis. Female (Wingspan 68 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 68 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 September P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Alternative common name: Eastern Musanga Acraea. Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroons ; Nigeria: Old Calabar. [Not in Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a)]. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (D Abrera, 1980), Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia (Gardiner, 2010b), Mozambique, Zimbabwe. Recorded, in error, from west of Cameroon by Kielland (1990d). Habitat: Forest. In Tanzania the nominate subspecies occurs at altitudes between 800 and m and subspecies epidica from 600 to m (seldom above m) (Kielland, 1990d). Woodland and Riparian habitats (Gardiner, 2010b). Habits: As the common name indicates, this is a rare acraea of the forest canopy. Specimens fly around the tops of the tallest trees in the forest (Pringle et al., 1994). Males mudpuddle and both sexes come to the flowers of trees and shrubs, such as those of Voacanga species (Kielland, 1990d). Flight period: September-October (main brood) and February-March (minor brood), for subspecies epidica (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Van Someren & Rogers, 1925: 118 [for the nominate subspecies]. The eggs are a long oval, slightly more pointed and flattened at the upper end. Faint indications of ribbing and transverse ridges. Larva brownish in first instar, turning reddish brown after the second moult. Underside of body yellowish. A white body line extends from the fourth to the twelfth segment. Head redder than the body, with a white inverted V above the mouth-parts. Fore and hind legs yellowish. Spines branched and long. Pupa long, 25 mm, whitish, decorated with nervular black lines on the wing cases, heavy marks on the dorsum of the thorax, raised orange spots on the dorsal and lateral aspects of each abdominal segment, each spot encircled with black. Van Someren,

72 Larval food: Boehmeria nivea (Urticaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 160; nominate subspecies]. Musanga smithi (Moraceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 160; nominate subspecies]. Myrianthus arboreus (Moraceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 160; nominate subspecies]. Myrianthus holstii Engl. (Moraceae) [Bampton; Tarka Forest, Chimanimani Mountains (Pringle et al., 1994: 76); subspecies epidica]. Telchinia (Telchinia) pentapolis pentapolis (Ward, 1871) Acraea pentapolis Ward, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 8: 60 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, ). Telchinia pentapolis pentapolis (Ward, 1871). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia pentapolis pentapolis. Male (Wingspan 66 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 66 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 23 November P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia pentapolis pentapolis. Female (Wingspan 68 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 68 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 September P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroons ; Nigeria: Old Calabar. [Not in Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a)]. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (west), Zambia (north-west). Gabon Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Franceville (van de Weghe, 2010). Tanzania Kasoge Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Mihumu Forest (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Ikelenge district (Gardiner, 2010b). thelestis Oberthür, 1893 (as sp. of Acraea). Études d Entomologie 17: 17 (17-36). Gabon. Treated as a form of Acraea pentapolis pentapolis by Bernaud,

73 sjoestedti Bryk, 1917 (as ab. of Acraea pentapolis). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 82 (A.3.): 107 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Kongo ; Sierra Leone. Treated as an aberration of Acraea pentapoli by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) pentapolis epidica (Oberthür, 1893) Acraea epidica Oberthür, Études d Entomologie 17: 18 (17-36). Acraea pentapolis epidica Oberthür, Dickson & Kroon, Hyalites (Hyalites) pentapolis epidica (Oberthür, 1893). Pringle et al., 1994: 76. Telchinia pentapolis epidica (Oberthür, 1893). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Tanzania]: Usambara, Pangani (Afrique orientale). Distribution: Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (eastern border). Tanzania Pangani, Usambara Mountains (TL); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Kanga Mountain (Kielland, 1990d); Mwanihana Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Dabaga (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi Mt Mulanje (Congdon et al., 2010). Mozambique Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010). Zimbabwe Bunga Forest, Vumba (Paul Quirk, vide Van Son, 1963: single female); Tarka Forest, Chimanimani Mountains (Bampton, in Pringle et al., 1994). Note: Gardiner (2010b: 150) is sure that epidica is a species distinct from pentapolis but makes no formal taxonomic changes. *Telchinia (Telchinia) pharsalus (Ward, 1871) East African Forest Acraea Acraea pharsalus Ward, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 8: 81 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, ). Hyalites (Hyalites) pharsalus pharsaloides (Ward, 1871). Pringle et al., 1994: 77. [synonym of pharsalus] Telchinia pharsalus (Ward, 1871). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia pharsalus pharsalus. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 65mm. Kakamega Forest. 5.i S.C. Collins. (Curle Trust Collection 60). 73

74 Telchinia pharsalus pharsalus. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 73mm. Kitwe, Zambia N.F. Curle. (Curle Trust Collection 61). Alternative common name: Pharsalus Acraea. Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroons. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique. Misattributed to the Madagascar fauna by Mabille [1887] (Lees et al., 2003). Habitat: Forest (Heath et al., 2002). Also found in disturbed forest and in riverine vegetation in Guinea savanna in West Africa (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania the nominate subspecies occurs at altitudes between 800 and m and subspecies pharsaloides 600 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A relatively common butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Flies slowly, quite low down, often settling on bushes (Van Son, 1963). Individuals also feed from flowers (Pringle et al., 1994). Larsen (2005a) states that it flies high up, often in clearings, swooping down occasionally. It is an avid hill- and tree-topper (Larsen, 2005a). During the dry season and in submontane areas numbers of males may be seen mudpuddling (Larsen, 2005a). On one occasion numbers of males were seen basking on rocks in a river in the late afternoon at Obudu (Nigeria) (Larsen, 2005a). Flight period: Subspecies pharsaloides has been recorded from July to September (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Van Someren & Rogers, 1926: 216 [for ssp. pharsalus]. The species has not been bred by us, but the larva is ochreous yellow above, slightly paler below, margins of each segment darker; a central dorsal line extends the length of the body; the basal branches are pale ochre while the rest are black. The head is black with a white line in the centre. The pupa is white, with black lines and dots which vary in width so that the appearance is either white or blackish. Pringle et al., 1994: 77 [Usambara Mountains, Tanzania]. Pierre & Bernaud, 1997b. Larval food: Boehmeria species (Urticaceae) [Pierre & Bernaud, 1995]. Ficus asperifolia Miq. (Moraceae) [Pierre & Bernaud, 1995]. Ficus exasperata Vahl (Moraceae) [Owen, 1971 (Sierra Leone); Van Someren, 1974: 323 (East Africa); Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978 (Ivory Coast)]. Ficus sycomorus L. (Moraceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323]. Laportea ovalifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Chew (Urticaceae) [Pierre & Bernaud, 1995; as Fleurya (Laportea) ovalifolia]. Laportea peduncularis (Wedd.) Chew (Urticaceae) [Joannou, cited by Pringle et al., 1994: 77; in captivity; Usambara Mountains, Tanzania]. Tectona grandis L.f. (Verbenaceae) [Roberts, 1969; Sapoba, Nigeria]. Theobroma cacao L. (Sterculiaceae) [Smith, 1965]. 74

75 Telchinia (Telchinia) pharsalus pharsalus (Ward, 1871) Acraea pharsalus Ward, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 8: 81 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, ). Telchinia pharsalus pharsalus (Ward, 1871). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia pharsalus pharsalus. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 65mm. Kakamega Forest. 5.i S.C. Collins. (Curle Trust Collection 60). Telchinia pharsalus pharsalus. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 73mm. Kitwe, Zambia N.F. Curle. (Curle Trust Collection 61). Type locality: Cameroon: Cameroons. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko and Annobon), Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (north), Sudan (south), Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia (north), Mozambique. Guinea Conakry area (Larsen, 2005a); Nimba Mountains (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Nigeria Obudu (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010). Uganda Mukombo (Stoneham, 1943). Kenya Teita Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest (male illustrated above). Tanzania Kilimanjaro (Holland, 1892); Usambara (Suffert, 1904); Mhonda (Suffert, 1904); Amani (Strand, 1911); Nderema near Amani (Van Son, 1963); Ukaguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains 75

76 (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Pare Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Northern Highlands (Kielland, 1990d); west, to Tabora in the east (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); 43 km north of Solwezi (Heath et al., 2002); Mokambo (Heath et al., 2002); Lumangwe Falls (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002); Kitwe (female illustrated above). Mozambique Mtovi (O Neil, 1919); Maribana Forest (Pennington, vide Van Son, 1963); Amatongas (Van Son, 1963); Maronga Forest (Pringle et al., 1994); Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010). pharsaloides Holland, 1892 (as species of Acraea). Entomologist (Supplement) 25: 89 (89-95). [Tanzania]: Kilimanjaro. Synonymized with pharsalus by Pierre, 2009: 8. saluspha Suffert, 1904 (as ssp. of Acraea pharsalus). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 34 (12-107). Tanzania: Usambara, Mhonda und Kilimandjaro. Treated as a synonym of Acraea pharsalus pharsalus by Bernaud, pallidepicta Strand, 1911 (as ab. of Acraea pharsalus var. pharsaloides). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 4: 220 ( , ). Tanzania: Amani. Treated as a form of Acraea pharsalus pharsalus by Bernaud, nia Strand, 1911 (as ab. of Acraea pharsalus var. pharsaloides). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 4: 220 ( , ). Tanzania: Amani V.. Treated as a form of Acraea pharsalus pharsalus by Bernaud, ruperti O Neil, 1919 (as f. of Acraea pharsalus). Proceedings and Transactions of the Rhodesia Scientific Association 17: 64 (25-65). [Mozambique]: Mtovi, Portuguese East Africa. Treated as a subspecies of Acraea pharsalus by Dickson & Kroon (1978) but regarded to be a form of Acraea pharsalus pharsalus by Bernaud, duplicatus Stoneham, 1943 (as f. of Acraea pharsalus). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 2 (4 pp.). Uganda: Mukombo. Treated as a form of Acraea pharsalus pharsalus by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) pharsalus carmen (Pyrcz, 1991) Acraea pharsalus carmen Pyrcz, Lambillionea 91: 369, 373 ( ). Telchinia pharsalus carmen (Pyrcz, 1991). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Sao Tome & Principe: Terreiro Velho, Principe Isl.. Distribution: Sao Tome & Principe (island of Principe). Sao Tome & Principe Terreiro Velho, Principe (TL). Telchinia (Telchinia) pharsalus rhodina (Rothschild, 1902) Acraea pharsalus rhodina Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicae 9: 595 ( ). Telchinia pharsalus rhodina (Rothschild, 1902). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Kaffa. Distribution: Sudan (south Boma plateau), Ethiopia. Ethiopia Kaffa (TL). Note: Treated as a synonym of Acraea pharsalus pharsalus by Bernaud,

77 *Telchinia (Telchinia) pierrei (Berger, 1981) Acraea pierrei Berger, Les Papillons du Zaire 202 (543 pp.). Bruxelles. Telchinia pierrei (Berger, 1981). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Kivu-Nord: Ruwenzori, Mukandwe. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north Kivu). Democratic Republic of Congo Ruwenzori, Mukandwe (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) polis (Pierre, 1999) Western Musanga Acraea Acraea polis Pierre, Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 104 (1): 7 (5-14). Telchinia polis (Pierre, 1999). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Ivory Coast: Danane. Authorship attributed to Bernaud & Pierre by Bernaud (2009). Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Guinea Fouta Djalon (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Danane (TL). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Cameroon Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Secondary forest, where Musanga species grows (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Usually not common but huge periodic irruptions occur, sometimes resulting in migratory flights (Holland, 1920; Larsen, 2005a). Males often hilltop, circling with a floating flight, some five metres above the ground, for long periods without settling (Larsen, 2005a). It is also found in sunspotting spirals inside the forest (Larsen, 2005a). Females have been noted feeding from the extrafloral nectaries of Musanga, while simultaneously laying eggs (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Eltringham, 1912 [as Acraea (Actinote) pentapolis pentapolis; Lagos, Nigeria]. Larva: [Final instar] Upper half dark umber brown with a few irregular dark markings on the upper part of each segment, and a whitish lateral mark on segments Head reddish brown with a white, ventrally bifurcated white line. Legs yellow at base, extremities black. Pro-legs yellow. Spines all black. The dorsal pair on segment 2 longer than the rest and somewhat curved. Pupa: Whitish with black lines representing nervures, antennae, legs etc. A ventral, two lateral, and two dorsal rows of segmental black marks, each with a yellowish centre. From the inner or dorsal side of each of these centres in the two dorsal rows of spots, there arises a short black process or spine. The general aspect of the pupa is as variable as that of the imago, sometimes the white and sometimes the black predominating. Pierre & Bernaud, 1999b. Larval food: Boehmeria species (Urticaceae) [Pierre & Bernaud, 1999b]. Musanga cecropioides R.Br. (Moraceae) [Pierre & Bernaud, 1999b]. Myrianthus species (Moraceae) [Pierre & Bernaud, 1999b]. 77

78 *Telchinia (Telchinia) pseudepaea (Dudgeon, 1909) Dudgeon s Acraea Acraea pseudepaea Dudgeon, Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1909: 53 (50-54). Acraea althoffi pseudepaea Dudgeon, Ackery et al., Acraea pseudepaea Dudgeon, Pierre et al., Telchinia pseudepaea (Dudgeon, 1909). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Nigeria: Ila. Distribution: Guinea, Liberia (east), Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria (west). Guinea Nzerekore (Larsen, 2005a); Nimba Mountains (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Liberia Haut-Cavally (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Sipolilo (Plowes, vide Larsen, 2005a); Yeale (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria Ila (TL). Habitat: Forest. Habits: This is a locally and seasonally common butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). Males are known to mudpuddle (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) rangatana (Eltringham, 1912) Acraea terpsichore form rangatana Eltringham, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 247 (1-374). Telchinia rangatana (Eltringham, 1912). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Kenya]: British East Africa, Rangatan, Laitsipia. Distribution: Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Swampy ground (Larsen, 1991c). Habits: Flies slowly and feebly, low down among grasses (Larsen, 1991c). Seasonal irruptions appear to occur (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Van Someren & Rogers, Larval food: Alchemilla pedata Hochst. ex A.Rich. (Rosaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323; as Alchemilla gracilipes Engler]. Nesaea pedicellata Hiern (Lythraceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323]. Rotola species (Lythraceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323]. Telchinia (Telchinia) rangatana rangatana (Eltringham, 1912) Acraea terpsichore form rangatana Eltringham, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 247 (1-374). Telchinia rangatana rangatana (Eltringham, 1912). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Kenya]: British East Africa, Rangatan, Laitsipia. Distribution: Kenya (highlands east of the Rift Valley). Kenya Rangatan, Laitsipia (TL); Thomson s Falls (Larsen, 1991c); Laikipia (Larsen, 1991c); Aberdares 78

79 (Larsen, 1991c); Nanyuki (Larsen, 1991c); Kinangop (Larsen, 1991c). Telchinia (Telchinia) rangatana bettiana (Joicey & Talbot, 1921) Acraea bettiana Joicey & Talbot, Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 48 (40-166). Telchinia rangatana bettiana (Joicey & Talbot, 1921). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Rwanda: Kisaba Forest, Lake Kivu. Distribution: Uganda (south-west Kigezi), Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo (north Kivu). Rwanda Kisaba Forest (TL); Kisseji River (Joicey & Talbot, 1921); Rugege Forest (Joicey & Talbot, 1927); Rutovu (Berger, 1956). kissenjensis Joicey & Talbot, 1921 (as ab. of Acraea bettiana). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 49 (40-166). Rwanda: Kisseji River, Lake Kivu. Treated as an aberration of Acraea rangatana bettiana by Bernaud, 2009, and spelt as kissejensis. hades Joicey & Talbot, 1927 (as ab. of Acraea bettiana). Encyclopédie Entomologique (B.3. Lepidoptera) 2: 12 (1-14). Rwanda: Rugege Forest. Treated as an aberration of Acraea rangatana bettiana by Bernaud, basilewskyi Berger, 1956 (as ssp. of Acraea ventura). Annales Musée Royal du Congo Belge. C-Zoologie (8vo) 51: 436 ( ). Rwanda: rutovu, 2350 m., terr. Astrida. Treated as a synonym of Acraea rangatana bettiana by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) rangatana ecketti (Jackson, 1951) Acraea rangatana ecketti Jackson, Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 20: 103 (91-105). Telchinia rangatana ecketti (Jackson, 1951). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Kenya: Kenya Colony, Molo. Distribution: Kenya (highlands west of the Rift Valley). Kenya Molo (TL); Mau (Larsen, 1991c); Lumbwa (Larsen, 1991c); Timboroa Swamp (Larsen, 1991c); Eldoret (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c); Eldama Ravine (Larsen, 1991c); Njoro (Larsen, 1991c); Soy (Larsen, 1991c). Telchinia (Telchinia) rangatana maji (Carpenter, 1935) Acraea maji Carpenter, Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 83: 385 ( ). Telchinia rangatana maji (Carpenter, 1935). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Maji Province. Distribution: Ethiopia (south-west). *Telchinia (Telchinia) rileyi (Le Doux, 1931) 79

80 Acraea rileyi Le Doux, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1931: 50 (49-59). Telchinia rileyi (Le Doux, 1931). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Westlich von Tanganjika, Zentral-Africa. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east), Tanzania (west). Tanzania Ntakatta Forest on the border of Mpanda and Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Dense forest. Habits: Found flying in a restricted area along a riverbed in forest (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) rupicola (Schultze, 1912) Acraea rupicola Schultze, Entomologische Rundschau 29: 92 (91-93). Synonym of Acraea sotikensis Sharpe, Ackery et al., Acraea rupicola Schultze, Pierre & Bernaud, 2007: 7. Telchinia rupicola (Schultze, 1912). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Cameroon: Lomie. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon. Cameroon Lomie (TL). Gabon Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Mount Belinga (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Mimongo (van de Weghe, 2010); Franceville (van de Weghe, 2010). Early stages: Pierre & Amiet, Larval food: Nothing published. Relevant literature: Pierre & Bernaud, 2007 [Taxonomy]. Pierre & Amiet, 2007 [Taxonomy and early stages]. *Telchinia (Telchinia) sambavae (Ward, 1873) Acraea sambavae Ward, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 10: 59 (59-60, ). Telchinia sambavae (Ward, 1873). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Telchinia) serena (Fabricius, 1775)# Dancing Acraea 80

81 Dancing Acraea (Telchinia serena). Left male upperside. Right male on pupal case. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte (left) and Roy Bengis (right). Papilio serena Fabricius, Systema Entomologiae 832 pp. Flensburgi & Lipsiae. Acraea serena Fabricius. Trimen, 1862c. Acraea buxtoni Butler, Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. [synonym of Telchinia serena] Acraea terpsichore form rougeti Linnaeus [sic]. Swanepoel, 1953a. [synonym of Telchinia serena] Acraea eponina manjaca Boisduval, Dickson & Kroon, [synonym of Telchinia serena] Acraea eponina (Cramer, 1780). Kielland, 1990d: 156. [synonym of Telchinia serena] Hyalites (Hyalites) eponina (Cramer, 1780). Pringle et al., 1994: 77. [synonym of Telchinia serena] Acraea serena (Fabricius, 1775). Pierre & Bernaud, Telchinia serena (Fabricius, 1775). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia serena. Male (Wingspan 37 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Madikwe NP, North West Province, South Africa. Em June M.C. Williams Collection. Telchinia serena. Male (Wingspan 38 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Loding, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. 4 September M.C. Williams Collection. 81

82 Telchinia serena. Female (Wingspan 42 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Mpaphuli N.R., Limpopo Province, South Africa. 30 April M.C. Williams Collection. Telchinia serena. Female (Wingspan 38 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Manguzi Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 12 May M.C. Williams Collection. Telchinia serena. Female (Wingspan 40 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Loding, Mpumalanga, South Africa. 1 May M.C. Williams Collection. Alternative common names: Small Orange Acraea; Orange Acraea. Type locality: Sierra Leone: Sierra Leona. Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana (north and east), Nambia (north), South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, North West Province, Gauteng, Free State Province, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province), Swaziland, Saudi Arabia (south-west), Yemen, Madagascar. Sierra Leone Freetown (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007); Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2009). Benin Noyau Central, Lama Forest (Fermon et al., 2001); Lokoli (Tchibozo et al., 2008). 82

83 Cameroon Akoafima (Le Doux, 1928); (Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Pongara (van de Weghe, 2010); Nyonie (van de Weghe, 2010); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Iguela (van de Weghe, 2010); Gamba (van de Weghe, 2010); Mayumba (van de Weghe, 2010); Lambarene (van de Weghe, 2010); Lope N.P. (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Bateke Plateau (van de Weghe, 2010). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo New Anvers (Strand, 1913); Kamituga (Dufrane, 1945). Ethiopia Eli (Strand, 1912); Djakorssa (Le Doux, 1928); Djimma (Le Doux, 1928); Shoa Gimira Province (Carpenter, 1935). Tanzania Throughout (Kielland, 1990d); Nguruman (Thurau, 1904); Langenburg (Thurau, 1904); Lidenge am Mnjera (Strand, 1911); Mahenge (Strand, 1911); Mkamba (Strand, 1911); Morogoro (Strand, 1912); Kilmatinde (Le Doux, 1928); Katavi National Park (Fitzherbert et al., 2006). Malawi Mt Mulanje (Congdon et al., 2010); Zomba Mountain (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Kapiri Mposhi (Heath et al., 2002); Mkushi (Heath et al., 2002); Lusaka (Heath et al., 2002); Victoria Falls (Heath et al., 2002); Kasama (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique Ihhaca Island (Van Son, 1963); Mt Inago (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010). Botswana Kabulabula (Van Son, 1963); Chobe River (Van Son, 1963); Letlhakeng (Larsen, 1991l); Maun (Larsen, 1991l). Limpopo Province Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve ( Malta Forest ) (Swanepoel, 1953); Woodbush (Swanepoel, 1953); Duiwelskloof (Swanepoel, 1953); Mokeetsi (Swanepoel, 1953); Munnik (Swanepoel, 1953); Polokwane (Swanepoel, 1953); Chuniespoort (Swanepoel, 1953); Tubex (Swanepoel, 1953); Sibasa (Swanepoel, 1953); Masequa s Poort (Swanepoel, 1953); Louis Trichardt (Swanepoel, 1953); Saltpan (Swanepoel, 1953); Waterberg (Van Son, 1963); Letaba (Van Son, 1963); Potgietersrus (Van Son, 1963); Doorndraai Dam Nature Reserve (Warren, 1990); Highlands Wilderness (Bode & Bode, unpublished checklist). Mpumalanga Acornhoek (Swanepoel, 1953); Barberton (Swanepoel, 1953); Lydenburg district (Swanepoel, 1953); Marieps Kop (Swanepoel, 1953); Piet Retief (Van Son, 1963); Nelspruit (Van Son, 1963); Pilgrim s Rest (Van Son, 1963); Sterkspruit Nature Reserve (Williams). North West Province Rustenburg (Van Son, 1963); Kgaswane Mountain Reserve (Williams; female illustrated above); Mountain Sanctuary N.R. (Williams); Madikwe Nature Reserve (female illustrated above); Borakalalo Nature Reserve (J. Dobson, unpublished, 2009). Gauteng Pretoria (Swanepoel, 1953); Witwatersrand Botanical Gardens (J. Dobson, unpublished checklist, 2001); Buffelsdrif Conservancy (Williams). Free State Province Bloemfontein Bayswater (Swanepoel, 1953). KwaZulu-Natal Port Shepstone (Swanepoel, 1953); Umkomaas (Swanepoel, 1953); Durban (Swanepoel, 1953); Verulam (Swanepoel, 1953); Pietermaritzburg (Swanepoel, 1953); Tugela River (Swanepoel, 1953); St Lucia Bay (Swanepoel, 1953); Eshowe (Van Son, 1963); Kosi Bay Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Tembe Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Ndumo Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Maphelane Nature Reserve (S. Woodhall, unpublished, 2009); Pennington (male illustrated above). Eastern Cape Province Bashee River (Swanepoel, 1953); Libode (Swanepoel, 1953); Port St Johns (Swanepoel, 1953); East London (Van Son, 1963); Ngqeleni (Van Son, 1963). Swaziland Mlawula N. R. ( Malolotja N. R. ( Madagascar Tintingue (Boisduval, 1833); Tamatave (Boisduval, 1833); Féneriffe (Boisduval, 1833); Sainte-Marie (Boisduval, 1833); Nosy Iranje (R. Schutte, pers. comm. April 2010); Nosy Be (R. Schutte, pers. comm. April 2010); Anjajavy Peninsula (R. Schutte, pers. comm. April 2010). Habitat: Mainly in savanna and grassland. Also in disturbed areas in the forest zone and in anthropogenic environments (Larsen, 1991c; Larsen, 2005a). In Madagascar in forest margins and anthropogenic environments (Lees et al., 2003). In Tanzania at altitudes from sea-level to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: This is a very common and ubiquitous butterfly (Larsen, 2005a). The flight is weak and just above 83

84 ground level. Specimens frequently settle on low vegetation and both sexes are fond of flowers (Pringle et al., 1994), including those of Tridax (Larsen, 1991c). Specimens are sometimes caught in traps baited with fermented fruit (Van Son, 1963). Males have also been seen feeding avidly on mongoose and otter scats, often being so intent on imbibing the fluid from these droppings that they can be hand-picked with ease (Williams, unpublished). Numbers of individuals are often found together in a small area (Van Son, 1963) and communal roosts of up to a dozen individuals, on grass stems, are occasionally seen (Larsen, 2005a). Flight period: All year (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Trimen & Bowker, 1887, Vol. 1: 172 [as Acraea Buxtoni Butl.; KwaZulu-Natal]. Larva. Dull green. A whitish stripe along each side of the back, interrupted on each segmental incision by a transverse line darker than the ground-colour. Spines of the dorsal and upper lateral rows black; of the lower lateral row on each side yellow. The two dorsal black spines on segment next head longer and more distinctly branched than the rest, and projecting forward beyond the head, which is ochreous. (Described from a drawing by Mr. H.C. Harford, giving a dorsal view.) Pupa. Pale-yellowish. Outline of wings and nervules very finely black; some thin and illdefined dorso-thoracic black marks; on each side of abdomen a subdorsal and a lateral row of yellow spots in black rings, the latter being thinner in the lateral than in the subdorsal row. Attached to a slender stalk. (Described from a figure by Mr. H.C. Harford, giving a lateral view.) Fawcett? Van Someren & Rogers, 1926: 85. The eggs are laid in groups on the underside of leaves of three species of Triumfetta. The larvae hatch almost simultaneously and keep together until ready to pupate. They eat away the fleshy substance of the leaf so that only a skeleton is left; this is loosely woven together with silk and in this they retire when not feeding. As they grow they devour several leaves in proximity and these are meshed together to meet requirements. When newly emerged, the larvae are olive green, later they turn yellowish green; the usual form has all the spines in the first two segments black, other segments have the following: two upper pairs, black, two lower yellowish; each spine situated on an ochreous base; each base connected by an ochreous line. The spiracular line is more conspicuous than the others. A second variety has a dorsolateral black line. The pupa is very variable, being either black, with a bronze sheen, the only marks visible being the abdominal rings; or golden with a distinct sheen; or almost white with little or no ornamentation; while a fourth is white or cream with bold black lines, black abdominal rings enclosing orange spots. Van Someren, Clark, in Van Son, 1963: 50; plate XVIII. Egg. Eggs are laid in clusters; they are 0.5 mm in diameter and 0.9 mm high, with longitudinal ribs cross-braced by some 23 horizontal indentations. They are pale watery yellow, only darkening slightly. They hatch after some 12 days. Larva. Young larvae eat their way out near the top and after a rest, devour the discarded shell. After a further rest they gather together and commence feeding on the surface of a leaf, spinning a ragged web in which excreta become entangled, forming a shelter. There are two groups, one taking six instars, the other seven. The development proceeds as follows: Six instar group: 1 st instar 1.25 mm, growing to 2.5 mm in 8 days; 2 nd instar growing to 4 mm in 8 days; 3 rd instar growing to 6 mm in 7 days; 4 th instar growing to mm in 8 days; 5 th instar growing to mm in 11 days; 6 th instar growing to mm in 12 days. Seven instar group: 1 st instar 1.25 mm, growing to 2.5 mm in 7 days; 2 nd instar growing to 4 mm in 7 days; 3 rd instar growing to 5.5 mm in 7 days; 4 th instar growing to 8 mm in 8 days; 5 th instar growing to mm in 8 days; 6 th instar growing to mm in 8 days; 7 th instar growing to mm in days. The sizes vary within each group, due to sex differences, the females being larger than males, hence it is difficult to separate them till the 4 th instar. In the fifth instar some larvae have the spined protuberances watery yellow except for those on the extreme segments, and in the penultimate of the 7-instar group, segments 4-6 may have yellow-spined protuberances, in which case those on segments 3 and 7 are half black and the lower portion yellow, while the base matches the body colour. The head in the penultimate instar of each group is mostly black, but some have extensive salmon markings. In the final instar the body colour varies in intensity from olive to greenish yellow, and the black patch on the head may be very much extended, even to the extent of obliterating all colour. The larvae, when disturbed, swing their heads sharply from side to side, or bend the head and final segment over the body. Pupa. The pupae are suspended by cremastral hooks only; those of males are 14 mm in length, those of females 16 mm. The colour varies in that the black may obliterate all white markings and limit the orange or gold spots. The white on the dorsum and neck may be pearly or silvery, or the whole pupa may be pale watery yellow with black edging to the salmon or gold spots and legs, and the veins of the wings are picked 84

85 out in black. The imago emerges after 11 to 19 days. Dickson, Pierre & Bernaud, 1999b. Jiggins et al., 2003: 70. The eggs are laid in a single layer, spaced out. Mean clutch size is 122 (n=43). Larval food: Corchorus species (Sterculiaceae) [Pierre & Bernaud, 1999]. Cordia millenii Baker (Ehretiaceae) [Roberts, 1969; as Cordia milleri]. Dombeya species (Sterculiaceae) [Ackery et al., 1995]. Gmelina arbora Roxb. (Verbenaceae) [Roberts, 1969]. Hermannia species (Sterculiaceae) [Harford, in Trimen & Bowker, 1887, Vol. 1: 172]. Hibiscus species (Malvaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 156]. Melochia melissifolia Benth. (Sterculiaceae) [Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978; Ivory Coast]. Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 156]. Sida species (Malvaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 366]. Tectona grandis L.f. (Verbenaceae) [Roberts, 1969]. Tilia cordata Mill. (Tiliaceae) (exotic) [Jiggins et al., 2003; in captivity]. Triumfetta annua L. (Tiliaceae) [Swynnerton, vide Platt, 1921]. Triumfetta glechomoides Welw. ex Mast. (Tiliaceae) [Congdon & Bampton, unpublished 2003; Kisolanza, Iringa, Tanzania; as Triumfetta glechomifolia]. Triumfetta brachycerus K.Schum. (Tiliaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323; as Triumfetta macrophylla Schum.]. Triumfetta pilosa Roth var. effusa (E. Mey. ex Harv.) Wild. (Tiliaceae) [Swynnerton, vide Platt, 1921]. Triumfetta pilosa Roth var. pilosa (Tiliaceae) [Swynnerton, vide Platt, 1921]. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. (Tiliaceae) [Fawcett, 1901?; Van Someren, 1974: 323; Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978 (Ivory Coast); Jiggins et al., 2003 (Uganda)]. Waltheria indica L. (Sterculiaceae) [Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978; Ivory Coast]. eponina Cramer, [1780] (as sp. of Papilio). in Cramer, [ ]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerrelddeelen Asia, Africa en America 3: 138 (176 pp.). Amsteldam & Utrecht. Synonymized with A. serena (Fabricius, 1775) by Pierre & Bernaud, Treated as a synonym of Acraea serena by Bernaud, janisca Godart, 1819 in Latreille & Godart, [1819], [1824] (as sp. of Acraea). Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: 233 (1-328 [1819], [1824]). Paris. Afrique. Treated as a synonym of Acraea serena by Bernaud, manjaca Boisduval, 1833 (as sp. of Acraea). Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2: 33? ( ). Madagascar: Tintingue, Tamatave, Féneriffe et Sainte-Marie. Given as a subspecies of eponina by Dickson & Kroon, Treated as a synonym of Acraea serena by Bernaud, rougetii Guérin-Méneville, 1849 (as var. of Acraea serena). In: Lefebrve, T., Voyage en Abyssinie (4) 6 (Zooologie): 368 ( ). [Ethiopia]: Abyssinie. Treated as a synonym of Acraea serena by Bernaud, buxtoni Butler, 1875 (as sp. of Telchinia). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 16: 395 ( ). South Africa: Cape of Good Hope. Treated as a form of Acraea serena by Bernaud, perrupta Butler, 1883 (as sp. of Telchinia). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 12: 102 ( ). Victoria Nyanza. Treated as a synonym of Acraea serena by Bernaud, subserena Grose-Smith, 1900 (as sp. of Acraea). Novitates Zoologicae 7: 544 ( ). Sierra Leone. 85

86 Treated as a synonym of Acraea serena by Bernaud, venturina Thurau, 1904 (as ab. of Acraea terpsichore). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 303 ( ). Uganda. Treated as a form of Acraea serena by Bernaud, connexa Thurau, 1904 (as ab. of Acraea terpsichore). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 304 ( ). Tanzania: Nguruman. Treated as a form of Acraea serena by Bernaud, excentrica Thurau, 1904 (as ab. of Acraea terpsichore). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 304 ( ). Tanzania: Langenburg. Treated as a form of Acraea serena by Bernaud, intermediana Strand, 1911 (as sp. of Acraea). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 5: 283 ( ). Tanzania: Lidenge am Mnjera, Mahenge, Mkamba. Treated as a form of Acraea serena by Bernaud, contraria Strand, 1912 (as ab. of Acraea terpsichore rougeti). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 78 (A.1.): 81 (67-92). Tanzania: Morogoro. Treated as an aberration of Acraea serena by Bernaud, eliana Strand, 1912 (as sp. of Acraea). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 77 (1.4. Supplementhefte): 87 (87-94). Ethiopia: Eli. Treated as a synonym of Acraea serena by Bernaud, toka Strand, 1912 (as ab. of Acraea eliana). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 77 (1.4. Supplementhefte): 87 (87-94). Ethiopia: Eli. Treated as an aberration of Acraea serena by Bernaud, janiscella Strand, 1913 (as ab. of Acraea terpsichore). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 2: 480 ( ). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kongo, Nouvelle-Anvers. Treated as an aberration of Acraea serena by Bernaud, akoafima Le Doux, 1928 (as female f. of Acraea eponina eponina). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1928: 105 (97-115). Cameroon: Akoafima, Kamerun. Treated as a synonym of Acraea serena by Bernaud, latifasciata Le Doux, 1928 (as female f. of Acraea eponina eponina). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1928: 105 (97-115). Gabon: Gabun. Treated as a form of Acraea serena by Bernaud, reducta Le Doux, 1928 (as f. of Acraea eponina manjaca). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1928: 105 (97-115). Tanzania: Kilmatinde, Nyassa See. Treated as a form of Acraea serena by Bernaud, jordani Le Doux, 1928 (as sp. of Acraea). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1928: 106 (97-115). Ethiopia: Djakorssa, Djimma. Treated as an aberration of Acraea serena by Bernaud, bankoides Carpenter, 1935 (as ab. of Acraea terpsichore). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 83: 384 ( ). Ethiopia: Shoa Gimira Province. Treated as an aberration of Acraea rangatana rangatana by Bernaud, subjanisca Dufrane, 1945 (as female ab. of Acraea terpsichore buxtoni). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 109 (90-143). [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kamituga. Treated as an aberration of Acraea serena by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) silia (Mabille, [1885]) Acraea masamba var. silia Mabille, [1885]. In Grandidier, [1885-7]. Histoire, Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar 18: 105 (18 [1887]: 364 pp.; 19 [1885]: 55pls.). Synonym of Acraea masamba Ward, Ackery et al., Acraea (Actinote) silia Mabille, [1885]. Lees et al., Telchinia silia (Mabille, [1885]). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Madagascar. 86

87 Distribution: Madagascar. Madagascar Sainte Marie (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. debilis Oberthür, 1916 (as race of Acraea masamba). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 168 ( ). Madagascar: Sainte-Marie-de-Madagascar. Treated as a synonym of A. masamba by Ackery et al. (1995) but as a synonym of A. silia by Lees et al. (2003). Treated as an aberration of Acraea masamba by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) siliana (Oberthür, 1916) Acraea siliana Oberthür, Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 160 ( ). Synonym of Acraea masamba Ward, Ackery et al., Acraea (Actinote) siliana Oberthür, Lees et al., Telchinia siliana (Oberthür, 1916). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Madagascar: Antakares (Isokitra á Diègo-Suarez), Nord-Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Madagascar Antakares (TL). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Note: Treated as a synonym of Acraea silia by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) sotikensis (Sharpe, 1892) Sotik Acraea Acraea sotikensis Sharpe, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891: 634 ( ). Telchinia sotikensis (Sharpe, 1892). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia sotikensis sotikensis. Male (Wingspan 44 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 44 mm. Mabira For., Uganda 2 Nov 2008 P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. 87

88 Telchinia sotikensis sotikensis. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 52mm. Nkhata Bay, Malawi. 19.v R.J. Mijburgh. (Curle Trust Collection 53). Type locality: [Kenya]: Sotik, Kavironda. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique. Habitat: Submontane forest (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania at altitudes from 300 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A fairly common species (Larsen, 2005a). Flies slowly, and deliberately, low down, mostly in forest clearings (Larsen, 1991c). Sometimes seen feeding from flowers in quite open country (Larsen, 2005a). Males are known to mudpuddle (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Triumfetta species (Tiliaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 164]. Relevant literature: Pierre & Bernaud, 2007 [Taxonomy]. Majerus et al., 2006 [Interspecific mating with Telchinia alicia due to shortage of males]. Telchinia (Telchinia) sotikensis sotikensis (Sharpe, 1892) Acraea sotikensis Sharpe, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891: 634 ( ). Telchinia sotikensis sotikensis (Sharpe, 1892). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia sotikensis sotikensis. Male (Wingspan 44 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 44 mm. Mabira For., Uganda 2 Nov 2008 P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. 88

89 Telchinia sotikensis sotikensis. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 52mm. Nkhata Bay, Malawi. 19.v R.J. Mijburgh. (Curle Trust Collection 53). Type locality: [Kenya]: Sotik, Kavironda. Distribution: Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya (west, central), Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique. Uganda Katera (Stoneham, 1943). Kenya Sotik (TL); S. Embo (Gaede, 1915); Trans Nzoia (Stoneham, 1943); Malawa Forest (Stoneham, 1943); Chyulu Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest (male illustrated above). Democratic Republic of Congo Katanga (Eltringham, 1912); Mt. Ruwenzori (Eltringham, 1912); Kwidschwi (Strand, 1913); Fort Portal, Kimpojo (Schouteden, 1919); Kamituga (Dufrane, 1945); Lutunguru River (Dufrane, 1945). Tanzania Widespread in forested areas above 300 m (Kielland, 1990d); Katavi National Park (Fitzherbert et al., 2006). Malawi Nkhata Bay (female illustrated above). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); Solwezi (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Kitwe (Heath et al., 2002); Shiwa Ngandu (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010). katana Eltringham, 1912 (as f. of Acraea sotikensis). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 228 (1-374). Democratic Republic of Congo: Katanga. Treated as a synonym of Acraea sotikensis sotikensis by Bernaud, rowena Eltringham, 1912 (as ssp. of Acraea sotikensis). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 229 (1-374). Democratic Republic of Congo/Uganda: Mt. Ruwenzori. Treated as a form of Acraea sotikensis sotikensis by Bernaud, hansmeyeri Strand, 1913 (as var. of Acraea sotikensis). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.2.): 172 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Kwidschwi. Treated as an aberration of Acraea sotikensis sotikensis by Bernaud, rowenina Gaede, 1915 (as var. of Acraea sotikensis). Entomologische Rundschau 32: 51 (50-52). Kenya: S. Embo. Treated as a form of Acraea sotikensis sotikensis by Bernaud, bayeri Schouteden, 1919 (as f? of Acraea sotikensis). Revue Zoologique Africaine 6: 157 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Fort Portal: Kimpojo. Treated as a form of Acraea sotikensis sotikensis by Bernaud, katerensis Stoneham, 1943 (as ssp. of Acraea sotikensis). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 2 (4 pp.). Uganda: Katera, Uganda Protectorate. Treated as a synonym of Acraea sotikensis sotikensis by Bernaud, exclamationis Stoneham, 1943 (as female f. of Acraea sotikensis). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 3 89

90 (4 pp.). Kenya: Trans-Nzoia District. Treated as a form of Acraea sotikensis sotikensis by Bernaud, albisubapex Stoneham, 1943 (as f. of Acraea sotikensis). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 3 (4 pp.). Kenya: Malawa Forest. Treated as a form of Acraea sotikensis by Bernaud, mariae Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Acraea sotikensis f. rowena). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 109 (90-143). Democratic Republic of Congo: Kamituga. Treated as an aberration of Acraea sotikensis sotikensis by Bernaud, alberici Dufrane, 1945 (as ab. of Acraea sotikensis f. rowena). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 109 (90-143). Democratic Republic of Congo: Rivière Lutunguru. Treated as an aberration of Acraea sotikensis by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) sotikensis karschi (Aurivillius, [1899]) Acraea viviana var. karschi Aurivillius, In Aurivillius, Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar 31 (5): 106 (1-561). Synonym of Acraea sotikensis Sharpe, Ackery et al., Acraea karschi Aurivillius, Larsen, 2005a: 450. Acraea sotikensis karschi Aurivillius, Pierre & Bernaud, 2007: 9. Telchinia sotikensis karschi (Aurivillius, 1899). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Cameroon: Kamerun, Baliburg. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a); Mambilla Plateau (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Baliburg (TL); Ekodo Dume (Gaede, 1916); Mount Cameroon (Schultze, 1923). Angola Pungo Andongo, Loando (Suffert, 1904). Relevant literature: Pierre & Bernaud, 2007 [Taxonomy]. ninapo Suffert, 1904 (as ssp. of Acraea supponina). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 32 (12-107). Angola: Pungo Andongo, Loando. Treated as a synonym of Acraea supponina by Bernaud, cruentata Gaede, 1916 (as var. of Acraea karscheni). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 111 ( , , ). Cameroon: Ekodo Dume, Kamerun. Treated as an aberration of Acraea sotikensis karschi by Bernaud, vulcanica Schultze, 1923 in Schultze & Aurivillius, 1923 (as ab. of Acraea karschi). Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1(17): 1131 ( ). Cameroon: Kamerunberg. Treated as a form of Acraea sotikensis karschi by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) strattipocles (Oberthür, 1893) Acraea strattipocles Oberthür, Études d Entomologie 17: 18 (17-36). Telchinia strattipocles (Oberthür, 1893). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Madagascar: Madagascar; Antsianaka et lac Alaotra. Distribution: Madagascar. Madagascar Antsianaka (TL); Lake Alaotra (Oberthür, 1893); Fianarantsoa (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 90

91 albescens Oberthür, 1916 (as var. of Acraea strattipocles). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 161 ( ). Madagascar: Fianarantsoa. Treated as a form of Acraea strattipocles by Bernaud, cervina Oberthür, 1916 (as var. of Acraea strattipocles). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 161 ( ). Madagascar: Antsianaka. Treated as a form of Acraea strattipocles by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) supponina (Staudinger, 1896) Acraea supponina Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 204 ( ). Synonym of Acraea sotikensis Sharpe, Ackery et al., Acraea supponina Staudinger, Pierre & Bernaud, 2007: 8. Telchinia supponina (Staudinger, 1896). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: West-Africa, Congo-Gebiet. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Relevant literature: Pierre & Bernaud, 2007 [Taxonomy]. *Telchinia (Telchinia) toruna (Grose-Smith, 1900) Acraea toruna Grose-Smith, Novitates Zoologicae 7: 546 ( ). Acraea johnstoni butleri Aurivillius, Kielland, 1990d: 157. Misidentification. Acraea johnstoni toruna Grose-Smith, Ackery et al., 1995: 258. Acraea toruna Grose-Smith, Pierre & Bernaud, 2003: 169. Telchinia toruna (Grose-Smith, 1900). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Uganda]: Kimbuyu, Toru. Distribution: Uganda (south-west), Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ituri, Kivu), Tanzania (north-west). Uganda Kimbuyu, Toru (TL); Ruwenzori (Aurivillius, 1899). Tanzania Urundi (Eltringham, 1912); Ngara District (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Forest and heavy woodland (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania at altitudes above m (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. butleri Aurivillius, 1899 in Aurivillius, (as female ab. of Acraea lycoa). Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapakademiens Handlingar 31 (5): 115 (1-561). Uganda: Ruwenzori. Treated as a synonym of Acraea toruna by Bernaud, butleri Eltringham, 1912 (as ssp. of Acraea johnstoni). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 341 (1-374). Tanzania: German E. Africa (Urundi) ; Uganda: (Toro). *Telchinia (Telchinia) unimaculata Grose-Smith, 1898 Acraea unimaculata Grose-Smith, Novitates Zoologicae 5: 350 ( ). Acraea cerasa unimaculata Grose-Smith, Ackery et al.,

92 Acraea unimaculata Grose-Smith, Bernaud & Ducarme, 2008: 47. Type locality: [Kenya]: Kabras, Uganda Protectorate. Distribution: Kenya (highlands west of the Rift Valley). Kenya Kabras (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Note 1: Kielland (1990: 154) notes that the populations in Magombera Forest, Turiani, and East Usambara are intermediate between cerasa and unimaculata. He describes them as follows: F.w. clear area heavily bordered on all sides with blackish dusting; without black spots; h.w. with a wide black-dusted border; black spots almost lacking, or a few spots close to base (in the Magombera specimen there is a faint indication of median dots); dots are indicated on the underside. Note 2: Treated as a subspecies of Acraea cerasa by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) uvui (Grose-Smith, 1890) Tiny Mountain Acraea Acraea uvui Grose-Smith, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 5: 168 ( ). Telchinia uvui (Grose-Smith, 1890). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia uvui uvui. Male (Wingspan 33 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 33 mm. Bwindi Forest, Uganda. 5 December P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Alternative common name: Tiny Acraea. Type locality: [Kenya]: Voi River, Mombasa. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania. Habitat: Submontane forest at to m (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: At times this butterfly is very abundant, when large numbers of males mudpuddle, often clustering on rocks in streams. Numbers of males also come to urine and animal excrement (Larsen, 2005a). The flight is weak and fluttering, in clearings or on forest roads (Larsen, 1991c). Both sexes feed from flowers (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Van Someren & Rogers, Larval food: Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (Tiliaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323]. Triumfetta brachycerus K.Schum. (Tiliaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323; as Triumfetta macrophylla Schaum.]. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. (Tiliaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323]. 92

93 Triumfetta species (Tiliaceae) [Bernaud, 1995; Cameroon]. Telchinia (Telchinia) uvui uvui (Grose-Smith, 1890) Acraea uvui Grose-Smith, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 5: 168 ( ). Telchinia uvui uvui (Grose-Smith, 1890). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia uvui uvui. Male (Wingspan 33 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 33 mm. Bwindi Forest, Uganda. 5 December P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Kenya]: Voi River, Mombasa. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (east Ituri, Kivu), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya (west, central), Tanzania (north). Kenya Voi River, Mombasa (TL); Kaimosi (Stoneham, 1936); East Surrey Estates (Stoneham, 1936); Nandi (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c); Mau (Larsen, 1991c); Elgon area (Larsen, 1991c); Nairobi (Larsen, 1991c); Ngong (Larsen, 1991c); Meru (Larsen, 1991c); Nyambeni Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Nyeri (Larsen, 1991c); Embu (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Mount Kilimanjaro (Kielland, 1990d); Mount Meru (Kielland, 1990d). minima Holland, 1892 (as sp. of Acraea). Entomologist (Supplement) 25: 89 (89-95). Kenya: Taveta?. Treated as a synonym of Acraea uvui uvui by Bernaud, interruptella Strand, 1909 (as ab. of Acraea uvui). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 22: 106 ( ). Deutsch-Ostafrika. Treated as an aberration of Acraea uvui uvui by Bernaud, subsuffusa Stoneham, 1936 (as f. of Acraea uvui). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (28): [2] ([2 pp.]). Kenya: Kaimosi; East Surrey Estates. Treated as a form of Acraea uvui uvui by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) uvui balina (Karsch, 1892) Acraea balina Karsch, Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 18: 170 ( ). Telchinia uvui balina (Karsch, 1892). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Cameroon]: Baliburg, Deutsche-Westafrika. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola (highlands). Nigeria Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a); Mambilla Plateau (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Baliburg (TL); Rumpi Hills (Helps, vide Larsen, 2005a). 93

94 *Telchinia (Telchinia) ventura (Hewitson, 1877) Acraea ventura Hewitson, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 14: 51 (51-52). Telchinia ventura (Hewitson, 1877). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia ventura ventura. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 44mm. Mugesse, 5500', Misuku Hills, Malawi. 26 June 74. I. Bampton. (Henning collection - H149). Type locality: Lake Nyassa. Distribution: Ethiopia (Larsen, 1991c), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola. Habitat: Marshy areas in open country and along rivers, but appears to be less tied to swampy places than is the allied Telchinia rangatana (Larsen, 1991c; Heath et al., 2002). In Tanzania it occurs at altitudes between and m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A much less common and more localized species than the related Telchinia serena (Larsen, 1991c). The flight is also stronger and more direct than that of T. serena (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Cassia species (Fabaceae) [Van Someren, 1935]. Telchinia (Telchinia) ventura ventura (Hewitson, 1877) Acraea ventura Hewitson, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 14: 51 (51-52). Telchinia ventura ventura (Hewitson, 1877). Silva-Brandao et al.,

95 Telchinia ventura ventura. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 44mm. Mugesse, 5500', Misuku Hills, Malawi. 26 June 74. I. Bampton. (Henning collection - H149). Type locality: Lake Nyassa. Distribution: Tanzania (west and south), Malawi, Zambia (north), Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Angola. Tanzania Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Ufipa (Kielland, 1990d); Mbeya (Kielland, 1990d); Kitesa Forest west of Songea (Kielland, 1990d); Mufindi (Kielland, 1990d); Katavi National Park (Fitzherbert et al., 2006). Malawi Lake Nyassa (TL); Mugesse, Misuku Hills (Bampton; male illustrated above). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Solwezi (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Ndola (Heath et al., 2002); Kasama (Heath et al., 2002); Nyika (Heath et al., 2002). melas Oberthür, 1893 (as ab. of Acraea serena). Études d Entomologie 17: 24 (17-36). No locality given. Treated as an aberration of Acraea ventura ventura by Bernaud, Telchinia (Telchinia) ventura ochrascens (Sharpe, 1902) Acraea ochrascens Sharpe, Entomologist 35: 41 (40-42). Telchinia ventura ochrascens (Sharpe, 1902). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Uganda]: Entebbe. Distribution: Ethiopia (Larsen, 1991c), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo (Kivu), Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Uganda Entebbe (TL). Kenya Eldoret (Larsen, 1991c); Lake Naivasha (Larsen, 1991c); Soy (Larsen, 1991c); Kisumu (Larsen, 1991c); Mau (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c); Kipkaren (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Bukoba (Weymer, 1903). Note 1: Larsen (1991: 366) states: Straw-coloured specimens are found (chiefly in Uganda), but since they also occur in normally orange populations (for example at Kipkaren [in Kenya]), they are best considered a form rather than as ssp. ochrascens Sharpe, 1902; if not they might constitute a distinct species. Kielland (1990) notes that Pierre (pers. comm.) does not believe that ochrascens is a taxon distinct from ventura. Note 2: Treated as a good species of Acraea by Bernaud, bukoba Weymer, 1903 (as var. of Acraea terpsichore). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 16:

96 ( ). Tanzania: Bei Bukoba. Treated as a synonym of Acraea ventura ventura by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) vesperalis (Grose-Smith, 1890) Rare Musanga Acraea Acraea vesperalis Grose-Smith, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890: 466 ( ). Telchinia vesperalis (Grose-Smith, 1890). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Central Africa. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda. Guinea Parc National du Haut Niger (Mei, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Danane (Pierre, 1978); Guessessou (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Atewa Range (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria Bonny (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Assoko (Strand, 1914). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Democratic Republic of Congo Kilomètre 273 de Kindu (Schouteden, 1919). Habitat: Forest. Habits: Very rare in West Africa (Larsen, 2005a). Males occasionally mudpuddle (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Pierre and Bernaud, 1999b: 13. Larval food: Musanga species (Moraceae) [Larsen, 2005a]. Myrinathus species (Moraceae) [Larsen, 2005a]. catori Bethune-Baker, 1904 (as sp. of Acraea). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 14: 223 ( ). Sierra Leone. Treated as a form of Acraea vesperalis by Bernaud, punctula Strand, 1914 (as ab. of Acraea vesperalis). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 101 (97-144). Cameroon: Kamerun; Assoko, Jaundegebiet. Treated as a form of Acraea vesperalis by Bernaud, picta Schouteden, 1919 (as ab. of Acraea vesperalis). Revue Zoologique Africaine 6: 147 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Kilomètre 273 de Kindu. Treated as an aberration of Acraea vesperalis by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Telchinia) viviana (Staudinger, 1896) Straw-coloured Acraea Acraea viviana Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 204 ( ). Telchinia viviana (Staudinger, 1896). Silva-Brandao et al.,

97 Telchinia viviana. Male (Wingspan 40 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 40 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Vivi. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (north-east), Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Nigeria Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a); Mambilla Plateau (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Ogooue (Pierre & Bernaud, 2009). Democratic Republic of Congo Vivi (TL). Kenya South Kavirondo (Larsen, 1991c); Mount Elgon area (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Bukoba Region (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Submontane forest above m (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A generally rare species, which is most often encountered when it comes to mudpuddle (Larsen, 2005a). The flight is slow and fluttering, about two metres above the ground (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Jiggins et al., 2003: 70. The eggs are laid in a single layer, spaced out. Mean clutch size is 162 (n=3). The eggs, larvae and pupa of Telchinia viviana and Telchinia eponina [=Telchinia serena] are very similar (on casual examination). Larval food: Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. (Tiliaceae) [Jiggins et al., 2003 (Uganda); Bernaud, vide Larsen, 2005a (Cameroon)]. *Telchinia (Telchinia) vuilloti (Mabille, 1889) Acraea vuilloti Mabille, Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 8: 170 ( ). Telchinia vuilloti (Mabille, 1889). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Tanzania]: Bagamoyo. The type locality is almost certainly false and probably refers to the place from which specimens were posted rather than where they were captured (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Tanzania (north-east). Tanzania Bagamoyo (TL probably false; see above); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Uzungwa Range (Kielland, 1990d); Mufundi (Kielland, 1990d); Mafwemiro Forest in the Rubeho Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Forest margins and forest glades from to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A common species (Kielland, 1990d). Kielland (1990: 165) details Congdon s observation on oviposition behaviour in this species. In essence this involved synchronous oviposition by a pair of females on the same leaf. This was interpreted as a strategy to increase the number of gregarious larvae at a single 97

98 site, resulting in better protection of the larvae. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Boehmeria species (Urticaceae) [Congdon, vide Kielland, 1990d: 165]. Subgenus Auracraea Henning, 1993 Metamorphosis 4 (1): 5 (5-18). Type species: Acraea anacreon Trimen, 1868, by original designation. = Aurora Henning, 1992 (a junior homonym of Aurora Ragonot, 1887). An Afrotropical subgenus of 16 species. *Telchinia (Auracraea) alalonga (Henning & Henning, 1996)# Long-winged Orange Acraea Hyalites alalonga Henning & Henning, Metamorphosis 7 (2): 72 (71-80). Telchinia alalonga (Henning & Henning, 1996). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia alalonga. Male (Wingspan 66 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Verlorenvalei, Mpumalanga, South Africa. 30 December J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia alalonga. Female (Wingspan 70 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Stoffberg, Mpumalanga, South Africa. 23 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. 98

99 Type locality: South Africa: Mpumalanga: Three Rondavels, Swadini (30 48'E, 24 34'S) 17.iv.1987, G.A. Henning. Described from 26 males and five females. Holotype in Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal). Limpopo Province Wolkberg (Henning & Henning, 1996); Woodbush (Henning & Henning, 1996); Haenertsburg (Henning & Henning, 1996). Mpumalanga Three Rondavels, Swadini (TL); Blyde River Canyon (Henning & Henning, 1996); Blydepoort Nature Reserve (Henning & Henning, 1996); Stoffberg (Henning & Henning, 1996); Long Tom Pass (Henning & Henning, 1996); Graskop (Henning & Henning, 1996); Mariepskop (Henning & Henning, 1996); Buffelskloof Nature Reserve (Williams). KwaZulu-Natal Karkloof (Henning & Henning, 1996); Champange Castle (Henning & Henning, 1996). Habitat: Montane grassland. Habits: Males have a strong, direct flight while exhibiting patrolling behaviour. They do not settle often, resting by gliding when on the wing. Females appear to fly randomly. Both sexes feed from flowers. Unlike the closely related Telchinia anacreon, specimens do not appear to fly in the near vicinity of their larval host plant (Henning & Henning, 1996). Flight period: Recorded in December and April, i.e. appears to be bivoltine. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Aeschynomene species (Fabaceae) [Henning, G., & S., 1996: 74; locality not specified]. Note: Treated as a synonym of Acraea anacreon by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Auracraea) anacreon (Trimen, 1868)# Orange Acraea Males of the Orange Acraea (Telchinia anacreon) at Verlorenvalei, Mpumalanga Province. Images courtesy Steve Woodhall. Acraea anacreon Trimen, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1868: 77 (69-96). Acraea anacreon Trimen, Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Acraea anacreon Trimen. Swanepoel, 1953a. Acraea anacreon Trimen, Dickson & Kroon, Hyalites (Auracraea) anacreon (Trimen, 1868). Pringle et al., 1994: 77. Telchinia anacreon (Trimen, 1868). Silva-Brandao et al.,

100 Telchinia anacreon. Male (Wingspan 45 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Utrecht, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 22 March J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia anacreon. Female (Wingspan 50 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Utrecht, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 22 March J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [South Africa]: Kaffraria, Sogana; Umvoti, Natal. Distribution: Zimbabwe (east), South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, North West Province, Gauteng, Free State Province, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province), Swaziland, Lesotho. Zimbabwe Mutare (Van Son, 1963); Chipinga (Van Son, 1963); Chimanimani Mountains (Van Son, 1963); Nyanga (Van Son, 1963). Limpopo Province Wolkberg Paardevlei (Swanepoel, 1953); Welcome Mine (Swanepoel, 1953); Haenertsburg (Swanepoel, 1953); Houtbosdorp (Swanepoel, 1953); Woodbush (Van Son, 1963). Mpumalanga Barberton (Swanepoel, 1953); Machadodorp (Swanepoel, 1953); Pilgrim s Rest (Swanepoel, 1953); White River (Swanepoel, 1953); Waterval Onder (Van Son, 1963); Lydenburg District (Van Son, 1963); Verloren Vallei Nature Reserve (Warren, 1990). North West Province Rustenburg (Swanepoel, 1953); Groot Marico (Swanepoel, 1953); Kgaswane Mountain Reserve (Williams); Utopia Resort (C. Dobson, 2006). Gauteng Johannesburg (Swanepoel, 1953); Witpootjie (Swanepoel, 1953); Krugersdorp (Van Son, 1963); Roodepoort (Van Son, 1963). Free State Province Harrismith (Van Son, 1963); Golden Gate Highlands National Park (Williams). KwaZulu-Natal Umvoti (Trimen, 1868); Estcourt (Trimen & Bowker, 1889); Balgowan (Swanepoel, 1953); Pietermaritzburg (Swanepoel, 1953); Greytown (Swanepoel, 1953); Ladysmith (Swanepoel, 1953); Biggarsberg (Swanepoel, 1953); Howick (Van Son, 1963); Karkloof (Van Son, 1963); Malvern (Van Son, 1963); Curry s Post (Van Son, 1963); Mount Nquibi (Van Son, 1963). Eastern Cape Province Sogana River (TL); Hogsback (Swanepoel, 1953); Elliot (Swanepoel, 1953); Ugie (Swanepoel, 1953); Cala (Swanepoel, 1953); Umzimvubu River (Van Son, 1963). Swaziland Malolotja N. R. ( Lesotho Orange River (Swanepoel, 1953). Habitat: Found near marshes and streams, in grassland and savanna, where the adults are closely associated with the larval food-plant. Habits: Both sexes feed from flowers (Van Son, 1963). Individuals fly slowly and settle frequently, often 100

101 on the foliage of the larval food-plant, and may bask with opened wings (Pringle et al., 1994). Flight period: Recorded from October to May. Often, though, they are univoltine, only appearing during February. Early stages: Trimen & Bowker, 1889: 398 [as Acraea Anacreon; Estcourt, KwaZulu-Natal]. In March 1888 I received from Mr. J.M. Hutchinson a number of specimens of the pupa of this species (from larvae collected at Estcourt, Natal), four of which were still alive and yielded the perfect insect. This pupa, though smaller and more slender, is not at all unlike that of A. Horta; the ground being white or creamy, with the outlines of the wings and neuration strongly marked with black, and the abdomen having on each side sub-dorsal and an inferior-lateral continuous chain-like series of orange-yellow spots in black rings. On back, two longitudinal black streaks from head, meeting and thickening on middle of thorax, and thence narrowing to a common terminal point on first abdominal segment. Eye-cases black superiorly; black on wing-cases most strongly developed near apex, along hind-margin, and along line of median nervure and its first nervule. Length, 7-8 lines. Clark, in Van Son, 1963: 45; plate XVII. Egg. Eggs are laid in clusters of from 20 to 80 on a young shoot of the food-plant, generally near the tip. They are pale yellow when laid, changing through light chocolate to dark purple. There are longitudinal ribs braced by some 24 double indentations. The eggs are 0.7 mm in diameter by 0.75 mm high, and hatch after 11 days. Larva. There are either six, or seven larval instars. The first instar is 1.5 mm long at hatching, of a pale, almost transparent olive, which changes to yellow with a greenish tint on the leading segments, and dull salmon on the final segments. They feed together under a slight web protection. The instar lasts 7 days and the larvae grow to 3 mm. In the second instar the body is covered with minute hairs; there are two extreme colour forms as well as intermediate ones. One extreme is chocolate, gradually changing to olive with a brownish tint; the protuberances are black with white-tipped brown spines. The other extreme is pale dull yellow throughout, including the protuberances. All larvae in this instar have black heads. The instar lasts some six days and the gregarious larvae grow to 5.5 mm. The variation is more pronounced in the third instar which lasts 7 days, and the larvae grow to 8.5 mm. The fourth instar lasts 6 days in the 6-instar larvae, which grow to 15 mm, while in the 7-instar larvae it lasts 7 days, and the larvae grow to only 13.5 mm. The fifth instar is very much the same as the fourth, and the larvae grow to 22 mm in 6 days (6-instar group), or to 16 mm in 7 days (7-instar group). In the final instar of the 6-instar group, the larvae reach the length of 30 mm in about 12 days, but in the 7-instar group the sixth instar lasts 9 days, and the larvae grow to 20 mm, the final instar taking about another 14 days, the larvae growing to 30 mm. The only difference in the final one or two instars is that the larvae scatter, although they do not move far from each other. Pupa. The pupae are suspended by cremastral hooks and are about 18 mm long. Emergence takes place in 12 to 14 days. Larval food: Cliffortia linearifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (Rosaceae) [Clark, in Van Son, 1963: 46]. Adenia species (Passifloraceae) [Clark, in Van Son, 1963: 46]. Aeschynomene species (Fabaceae) [Clark, in Van Son, 1963: 46]. *Telchinia (Auracraea) anacreontica (Grose-Smith, 1898) Acraea anacreontica Grose-Smith, Novitates Zoologicae 5: 352 ( ). Acraea anacreon anacreontica Grose-Smith, Ackery et al., 1995: 251. Acraea anacreontica Grose-Smith, Henning, 1993: 59. Telchinia anacreontica (Grose-Smith, 1898). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Kenya]: Patsho; Rau, Nandi country. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: Open places in dense woodland (Larsen, 1991c). Habits: A scarce and local species (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 101

102 Telchinia (Auracraea) anacreontica anacreontica (Grose-Smith, 1898) Acraea anacreontica Grose-Smith, Novitates Zoologicae 5: 352 ( ). Acraea anacreon anacreonitica Grose-Smith, Ackery et al., 1995: 251. Acraea anacreontica anacreontica Grose-Smith, Henning, 1993: 59. Telchinia anacreontica anacreontica (Grose-Smith, 1898). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Kenya]: Patsho; Rau, Nandi country. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya (west), Democratic Republic of Congo. Kenya Patsho (TL); Rau, Nandi country (Grose-Smith, 1898); Kitale (Larsen, 1991c); Soy (Larsen, 1991c); Cherangani (Larsen, 1991c); Mount Elgon (Larsen, 1991c). Telchinia (Auracraea) anacreontica chyulu (van Someren, 1939) Acraea anacreon chyulu van Someren, Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 14: 140 ( ). Acraea anacreontica chyulu van Someren, Henning, 1993: 59. Telchinia anacreontica chyulu (van Someren, 1939). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Kenya: Chyulu hills, 6500 ft.. Distribution: Kenya (south-east Chyulu Hills) Kenya Chyulu Hills (TL). *Telchinia (Auracraea) bomba (Grose-Smith, 1889) Bomba Acraea Acraea bomba Grose-Smith, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 3: 128 ( ). Acraea anacreon bomba Grose-Smith, Dickson & Kroon, Acraea anacreon bomba Grose-Smith, Ackery et al., 1995: 251. Acraea bomba Grose-Smith, Henning, 1993: 58. [Not seen by Ackery et al., 1995] Hyalites (Auracraea) bomba (Grose-Smith, 1889). Pringle et al., 1994: 77. Telchinia bomba (Grose-Smith, 1889). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia bomba. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 37mm. Maiwale, Malawi. 11 Dec 87. I. Bampton. (Henning collection H152). Type locality: [Kenya]?: Namoule [in the neighbourhood of Mombasa]. Diagnosis: Similar to Telchinia induna from which it differs in the less broadly black forewing apex and 102

103 the unspotted abdomen in the male (Pringle et al. 1994). Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe (eastern highlands), Mozambique (D Abrera, 1980). Kenya Namoule, near Mombasa (TL). Tanzania Kitulo Plateau (Kielland, 1990d); Ruaha National Park (Kielland, 1990d); Rubeho Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nou Forest in the Mbulu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Gombe (Kielland, 1990d). Malawi Maiwale (male illustrated above); Mt Mulanje (Congdon et al., 2010); Zomba Mountain (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia Mundwiji Plain (Heath et al., 2002). Zimbabwe Mutare (Pringle et al. 1994); Vumba Mountains (Pringle et al. 1994). Habitat: Grassland and open woodland (Heath et al., 2002). In Tanzania at altitudes between and m (Kielland, 1990d). Flight period: All year (Pringle et al. 1994). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Alchemilla pedata Hochst. ex A.Rich. (Rosaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 151; as Alchemilla gracilipes]. Aeschynomene species (Fabaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 151]. Adenia species (Passifloraceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 151]. Wormskioldia species (Turneraceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 151; as Wormshioldia sp.]. *Telchinia (Auracraea) calida (Butler, 1878) Acraea calida Butler, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 2: 288 ( ). Synonym of Acraea zitja Boisduval, Ackery et al., Acraea (Actinote) calida Butler, Pierre, 1992: 354. Telchinia calida (Butler, 1878). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Madagascar: Féneriffe et à Foule-Pointe. Diagnosis: Distinguished from its sister species Telchinia zitja by the presence of an additional anal vein on the hindwing, whose margin is more crenulated and by the redder, more solidly spotted dorsal wing pattern (Pierre, vide Lees et al., 2003). Distribution: Madagascar. Madagascar Féneriffe et à Foule-Pointe (TL). Habitat: Forest margins, grassland and anthropogenic environments (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Auracraea) guichardi (Gabriel, 1949) Acraea guichardi Gabriel, Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 18: 208 ( ). Telchinia guichardi (Gabriel, 1949). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: W. Abyssinia, Lekempti. Distribution: Ethiopia. Ethiopia Lekempti (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 103

104 *Telchinia (Auracraea) induna (Trimen, 1895)# Induna Acraea Acraea induna Trimen, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1895: 184 ( ). Acraea anacreon bomba form induna Trimen, Dickson & Kroon, Synonym of Acraea anacreon bomba Grose-Smith, Ackery et al., 1995: 251. Acraea induna Trimen, Henning, G [Not seen by Ackery et al., 1995] Hyalites (Auracraea) induna (Trimen, 1895). Pringle et al., 1994: 77. Telchinia induna (Trimen, 1895). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia induna induna. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 49mm. Kitwe, Zambia A.I. Curle. (Curle Trust Collection 56). Telchinia induna induna. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 49mm. Female. Hunyani Riv, Harare, Zimbabwe. 27.iii R.D. Paré. (Curle Trust Collection 57). Type locality: [Zimbabwe]: Mashunaland, Salisbury. Diagnosis: For comparison see Telchinia bomba. Distribution: Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa. Habitat: Woodland and montane grassland (nominate subspecies); Mountain Sourveld (subspecies salmontana). Heath et al. (2002) give the habitat as Brachystegia woodland. Habits: The flight is slow and leisurely. Both sexes feed from flowers. Males patrol rocky ridges. Subspecies salmontana flies on exposed rocky ridges on the highest points of the Zoutpansberg Mountains. Flight period: The nominate subspecies flies all year. Subspecies salmontana has been recorded from March to May (Pringle et al. 1994). Fresh specimens were noted in September by Williams (unpublished, 104

105 1997). Early stages: Henning, G., in Pringle et al., 1994: 77 [as Acraea (Actinote) induna; Soutpansberg, Limpopo Province]. The eggs are laid in clusters of around 100 on the undersides of the leaves of the foodplant, usually low down. They are bright yellow when first laid becoming salmon-pink after a few days if they are fertile. The early instar larvae are gregarious; they are unmarked and a glistening bronze colour. The final instar is usually bronze or a golden brown colour with a black dorsal stripe. The spines are black and moderately long with a short yellow band on either side of the base. There is a broad yellow lateral band with the area above it darker brown. The headshield is black with bronze cheeks and a golden-yellow diagonal stripe from the top to the centre. The pupa is an ochreous brown colour with a golden sheen. The markings are very broadly black with the wing-cases having a black band from the base to the lower outer margin. There is a dark dorsal stripe broadening over the thorax and head. Larval food: Aeschynomene species (Fabaceae) [Pringle et al., 1994: 77; Zimbabwe; subspecies induna]. Aeschynomene nodulosa (Baker) Baker f. (Fabaceae) [Henning, G., in Pringle et al., 1994: 77; Soutpansberg, Limpopo Province; subspecies salmontana]. Telchinia (Auracraea) induna induna (Trimen, 1895) Acraea induna Trimen, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1895: 184 ( ). Synonym of Acraea anacreon bomba Grose-Smith, Ackery et al., 1995: 251. Acraea induna Trimen, Henning, G Telchinia induna induna (Trimen, 1895). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia induna induna. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 49mm. Kitwe, Zambia A.I. Curle. (Curle Trust Collection 56). 105

106 Telchinia induna induna. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 49mm. Female. Hunyani Riv, Harare, Zimbabwe. 27.iii R.D. Paré. (Curle Trust Collection 57). Type locality: [Zimbabwe]: Mashunaland, Salisbury. Distribution: Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (eastern highlands). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); 80 km west of Solwezi (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Kitwe (male illustrated above); Ndola (Heath et al., 2002); Mkushi (Heath et al., 2002); Kapiri Mposhi (Heath et al., 2002); Lusaka (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010). Zimbabwe Harare (TL); Hunyani River (female illustrated above). Telchinia (Auracraea) induna salmontana (Henning & Henning, 1996)# Soutpansberg Acraea Hyalites induna salmontana Henning & Henning, Metamorphosis 7 (2): 78 (71-80). Telchinia induna salmontana (Henning & Henning, 1996). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia induna salmontana. Male (Wingspan 52 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Buzzard Mountain, Zoutpansberg, Limpopo Province. 22 September M.C. WilliamsCollection. Telchinia induna salmontana. Female (Wingspan 56 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Buzzard Mountain, Limpopo, South Africa. 1 May J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: South Africa: Limpopo Province, Witvlag, Zoutpansberg, 13.iv.1986, G.A. Henning. Described from 37 males and five females. Holotype in the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo Province Zoutpansberg Mountains). Limpopo Province Witvlag, Zoutpansberg (TL); Buzzard Mountain Retreat, Soutpansberg (Williams); Lajuma Peak, Western Zoutpansberg [ S; E], 1560 m (C.K. Willis, 106

107 unpublished, 26 April 2009). Conservation status: Classified as Vulnerable (Henning et al., 2009: 19). Note: Treated as an aberration of Acraea anacreon by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Auracraea) kaduna (Pierre, 1993) Kaduna Acraea Acraea kaduna Pierre, Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 98 (3): 288 ( ). Telchinia kaduna (Pierre, 1993). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Nigeria: Kaduna. Distribution: Nigeria. Nigeria Kaduna (TL); Sokoto (C. Joly, vide Larsen, 2005a); Zaria (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Flood plains and swamps around Kaduna and Zaria in northern Nigeria (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Known from only a few populations, which are localized and seasonal (Larsen, 2005a). At times it may be numerous (St Leger, vide Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Auracraea) lusinga (Overlaet, 1955) Acraea anacreon lusinga Overlaet, Exploration du Parc National de l Upemba 27: 79 (1-106). Acraea anacreon lusinga Overlaet, Ackery et al., 1995: 251. Acraea lusinga Overlaet, Henning, G. 1993: 59. Telchinia lusinga (Overlaet, 1955). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Lusinga, 1760 m.. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Haut-Lomani), Tanzania (west), Zambia (west) [distribution according to Kielland, (1990)]. Democratic Republic of Congo Lusinga (TL). Tanzania Ufipa to Mpanda and Kigoma south of the Malagarazi River (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Brachystegia woodland, savanna and open habitats (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania at altitudes from 800 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Note: Regarded, by Heath et al. (2002), as possibly a synonym of induna Trimen but status not formally revised by these authors. Treated as a form of Acraea anacreon by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Auracraea) mirifica (Lathy, 1906) Acraea mirifica Lathy, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1906: 2 (1-10). Telchinia mirifica (Lathy, 1906). Silva-Brandao et al.,

108 Telchinia mirifica. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 38mm. Serenje, Zambia. 19/3/73. M.N. Mitchell. (Henning collection H155). Type locality: Angola: Bihé District. Distribution: Angola, Zambia (north), Democratic Republic of Congo (Lualaba). Angola Bihe district (TL). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Serenje (Heath et al., 2002; male illustrated above); Mpika (Heath et al., 2002); lower Chambeshi Valley (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Marshy areas. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Auracraea) odzalae (Collins, 1997) Acraea odzalae Collins, In: D Abrera, Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Part 1: 152. Telchinia odzalae (Collins, 1997). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia (Auracraea) odzalae (Collins, 1997). Henning & Williams, 2010: 32. Type locality: Congo: Odzala; Lekoli. Distribution: Congo. Congo Odzala (TL); Lekoli (Collins, 1997). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Auracraea) parei (Henning & Henning, 1996) Hyalites parei Henning & Henning, Metamorphosis 7 (2): 74 (71-80). Telchinia parei (Henning & Henning, 1996). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Zimbabwe: Chimanimani Mountains, 32 50'E, 19 30'S, 13.x.1984, I. Mullin. Described from 11 males and a single female. Holotype in the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. Distribution: Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Habitat: Montane grassland on the upper slopes of the Chimanimani Mountains (nominate subspecies). Montane grassland bordering forests and woodland (subspecies orangica). Flight period: Recorded in October (nominate subspecies). Subspecies orangica has been recorded in October, November, December and April. Early stages: Nothing published. 108

109 Larval food: Nothing published. Note: Treated as a synonym of Acraea anacreon by Bernaud, Telchinia (Auracraea) parei parei (Henning & Henning, 1996) Hyalites parei parei Henning & Henning, Metamorphosis 7 (2): 74 (71-80). Telchinia parei parei (Henning & Henning, 1996). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Zimbabwe: Chimanimani Mountains, 32 50'E, 19 30'S), 13.x.1984, I. Mullin. Distribution: Zimbabwe (Chimanimani Mountains). Telchinia (Auracraea) parei orangica (Henning & Henning, 1996) Hyalites parei orangica Henning & Henning, Metamorphosis 7 (2): 75 (71-80). Telchinia parei orangica (Henning & Henning, 1996). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia parei orangica. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 42mm. Paratype. Chowa, Nyika, Zambia. 3 Apr R.J. Dowsett. No. 46. (Henning collection H153). Type locality: Malawi: Nyika, 28.x.1972, I. Bampton. Described from eight males and three females. Holotype in the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. Distribution: Malawi, Zambia (on the Nyika Plateau, which straddles both countries). Malawi Nyika (TL). Zambia Chowa Forest, Nyika (male illustrated above). Note: Treated as a synonym of Acraea anacreon by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Auracraea) rahira (Boisduval, 1833)# Marsh Acraea 109

110 Marsh Acraea (Telchinia rahira). Left male upperside. Centre female upperside. Right mating pair. Images courtesy Steve Woodhall (left & centre) and Peter Webb (right). Acraea rahira Boisduval, Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2: 181 ( ). Acraea rahira Boisduval. Trimen, 1862c. Acraea rahira Boisduval, Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Acraea rahira Boisduval. Swanepoel, 1953a. Acraea rahira Boisduval, Dickson & Kroon, Hyalites (Auracraea) rahira (De Boisduval, 1833). Pringle et al., 1994: 76. Telchinia rahira (Boisduval, 1833). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia rahira rahira. Male (Wingspan 38 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Rustenburg N.R., North West, South Africa. 1 May M.C. Williams Collection. Telchinia rahira rahira. Female (Wingspan 45 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Rustenburg N.R., North West, South Africa. 7 March M.C. Williams Collection. Type locality: [Africa]: Tamatave. [False locality.] Distribution: Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa. Misattributed to the Madagascar fauna by Mabille [1887] (Lees et al., 2003). Habitat: Marshes and swamps. In Tanzania the nominate subspecies flies at altitudes from 800 to m and subspecies mufindi at m (Kielland, 1990d). 110

111 Habits: Occurs in very localized colonies and flies with a slow, fluttering flight, low down in its marshy habitat. Specimens frequently settle on low-growing vegetation (Pringle et al., 1994). It is attracted by flowers (Van Son, 1963). Flight period: All year in warmer areas; summer months in cooler areas (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Barber, in Trimen & Bowker, 1887, Vol. 1: 168 [as Acraea Rahira Boisduval; E Cape]. and I learn from Mrs. Barber, who discovered them, that the larvae abound on the plant in question [Polygonum?tomentosum], and that their colouring resembles the pink and bronzy hues of the infloresence. Fawcett, 1901: 294. [Trans. Zool. Soc., London XV: 294] Larva. Back and sides blackish; thoracic legs, claspers, and a line above them chrome yellow. A dorsal white stripe, and on each segment four yellow spots from which spring four branched yellow spines, the lower pair springing from the yellow spiracular line. These spines are shorter than in the majority of Acraea larvae. Head yellow. Feeds on a species of groundsel, Erigeron canadense (Linn.). Two figures of the pupa are given: One pupa is waxy white and similar to the pupae of other Acraeae, the other ferruginous. The ferruginous pupae had nearly always been attacked by ichneumons, with which the larvae were much infested. Van Someren & Rogers, Clark, in Van Son, 1963: 42; plate XVI [Swellendam, Western Cape]. Egg. Eggs are laid in clusters in neat formation on the underside of a well-developed leaf. There may be up to over 100 eggs. At first they are yellow, changing to pale brown, which gradually turns to purplish red and just before hatching, after 8-10 days, they turn blackish purple. They are 0.5 mm in diameter and 0.75 mm high. There are longitudinal ribs cross-braced by some 16 indented ribs which break up into a rough hexagonal pattern over the top. Larva. Like in most Acraea, the young larvae eat the discarded egg shell, then feed on the surface of the leaf. There are two main groups, one taking five and the other six instars. Occasionally a larva takes seven instars. The development proceeds as follows: Five instar group: 1 st instar 1.75 mm, growing to 3.5 mm in 5 days; 2 nd instar growing to 5 mm in 4 days; 3 rd instar growing to 10 mm in 4 days; 4 th instar growing to 15 mm in 4 days; 5 th instar growing to mm in 9 days. Six instar group: 1 st instar 1.75 mm, growing to 3.25 mm in 5 days; 2 nd instar growing to 4.25 mm in 4-5 days; 3 rd instar growing to 9 mm in 5 days; 4 th instar growing to 14 mm in 5 days; 5 th instar growing to 19 mm in 5 days; 6 th instar growing to mm in 10 days. Seven instar group: 1 st instar 1.5 mm, growing to 2.75 mm in 5 days; 2 nd instar growing to 4.5 mm in 6 days; 3 rd instar growing to 8 mm in 7 days; 4 th instar growing to 13 mm in 7 days; 5 th instar growing to 18 mm in 7 days; 6 th instar growing to 23 mm in 8 days; 7 th instar growing to mm in 12 days. In the latter instars there is a variation in intensity of colour and in the final instar there is a light and a dark form, the latter due to the darker ground colour and the encroachment of the darker portion on the lighter. In the lighter varieties the dorsal protuberances may be entirely yellow, while in the dark ones they are mainly black. The larvae are gregarious till the penultimate instar, then they begin to separate. Pupa. The pupa is suspended by cremastral hooks only. There is a darker variety than the one shown in the plate. The pupae are about 17 mm long. The imago emerges after days. Telchinia rahira final instar larvae. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte. 111

112 Telchinia rahira final instar larva. Image courtesy Peter Webb. Larval food: Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (Asteraceae) [Fawcett, 1901: 294 (as Erigeron canadense); Van Someren, 1974: 323; for nominate subspecies]. Persicaria attenuata (R.Br.) Soják subsp. africana K.L.Wilson (Polygonaceae) [Clark, vide Van Son, 1963; as Polygonum pulchrum Blume]. Polygonum species (Polygonum tomentosum?) (Polygonaceae) [Mrs. Barber, in Trimen & Bowker, 1887, Vol. 1: 168; Plettenburg Bay?]. Polygonum pulchrum Blume (Polygonaceae) [Clark, vide Van Son, 1963; as Polygonum tomentosum (Willd.); Kielland, 1990d: 163 (for subspecies mufindi)]. Telchinia (Auracraea) rahira rahira (Boisduval, 1833)# Acraea rahira Boisduval, Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2: 181 ( ). Hyalites (Auracraea) rahira rahira (De Boisduval, 1833). Pringle et al., 1994: 76. Telchinia rahira rahira (Boisduval, 1833). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia rahira rahira. Male (Wingspan 38 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Rustenburg N.R., North West, South Africa. 1 May M.C. Williams Collection. 112

113 Telchinia rahira rahira. Female (Wingspan 45 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Rustenburg N.R., North West, South Africa. 7 March M.C. Williams Collection. Type locality: [Africa]: Tamatave. [False locality.] Distribution: Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west), Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia (north), South Africa (Limpopo Province, Mpumalanga, North West Province, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province, Western Cape Province). Kenya Soy (Stoneham, 1943); Eldoret (Larsen, 1991c); Elgon area (Larsen, 1991c); Lake Naivasha (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); Katambora (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Mufulira (Heath et al., 2002); Lake Mwekera (Heath et al., 2002); Ndola (Heath et al., 2002); Miengwe (Heath et al., 2002); Chembe (Heath et al., 2002); Nsombo (Heath et al., 2002); Chambeshi Valley (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique Vundusi River (Van Son, 1963). Zimbabwe Bulawayo (Van Son, 1963); Sawmills (Van Son, 1963); Harare (Van Son, 1963); Mazoe (Van Son, 1963); Gadzima (Van Son, 1963); Mutare (Van Son, 1963). Botswana Shakawe-Muhembo area (T. Liversedge vide Pinhey, ); Mpandama-Tenga (R. Plowes vide Larsen, 1991l); Kasane (Larsen, 1991l); Tati River in Francistown (Larsen, 1991l; single record); Tswapong Hills (Larsen, 1991l). Namibia Ehando (Van Son, 1963); Otiembora (Van Son, 1963); Okavango River (Van Son, 1963); Mashari, 48 km east of Rundu (Ball). Limpopo Province Warmbaths (Swanepoel, 1953); Potgietersrus (Swanepoel, 1953); Chuniespoort (Swanepoel, 1953); Haenertsburg Veekraal (Swanepoel, 1953); Louis Trichardt (Swanepoel, 1953); Naboomspruit (Van Son, 1963); Woodbush (Van Son, 1963); Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve (Warren, 1990); Highlands Wilderness (Bode & Bode, unpublished checklist). Mpumalanga Argent (Van Son, 1963); Barberton (Van Son, 1963); Verloren Vallei Nature Reserve (Warren, 1990); Middelburg (Nicholson; male illustrated above). North West Province Potchefstroom (Swanepoel, 1953); Utopia Resort (C. Dobson, 2006); Kgaswane Mountain Reserve (Williams; female illustrated above). Gauteng Vereeninging (Swanepoel, 1953); Krugersdorp (Swanepoel, 1953); Pretoria (Swanepoel, 1953); Johannesburg (Van Son, 1963); Irene (Van Son, 1963); Witwatersrand Botanical Gardens (J. Dobson, unpublished checklist, 2001); Rayton (Williams). KwaZulu-Natal Durban (Swanepoel, 1953); Greytown (Swanepoel, 1953); Noodsberg (Swanepoel, 1953); Estcourt (Swanepoel, 1953); Colenso (Swanepoel, 1953); Port Shepstone (Van Son, 1963); Margate (Van Son, 1963); Umkomaas (Van Son, 1963); Isipingo (Van Son, 1963); Pietermaritzburg (Van Son, 1963); Balgowan (Van Son, 1963); Eshowe (Van Son, 1963); St Lucia Bay (Van Son, 1963). Eastern Cape Province East London (Swanepoel, 1953); Amabele (Swanepoel, 1953); Butterworth (Swanepoel, 1953); Tsomo River (Swanepoel, 1953); Bashee River (Swanepoel, 1953); Uitenhage (Van Son, 1963); Grahamstown (Van Son, 1963); Port Elizabeth (Van Son, 1963); Port St Johns (Van Son, 1963); Port Alfred (Pringle et al., 1994). Western Cape Province east of Stellenbosch (Péringuey; no longer exists here (Pringle et al., 1994)); Worcester (Littlewood); Caledon (Burchell); near Swellendam (Dickson and Sipser); Little Brak River (Van den Berg); Riversdale (Swanepoel, 1953); Plettenberg Bay (Swanepoel, 1953); Knysna (Van Son, 1963); Oudsthoorn (Van Son, 1963). uasingishuensis Stoneham, 1943 (as ssp. of Acraea rahira). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 3 (4 pp.). Kenya: Soy, Kenya Colony. Synonymized with Acraea rahira rahira (Boisduval, 1833) by Pierre & Bernaud, 2002 (Lambillionea 102 (3) (Tome I): ). Treated as a synonym of Acraea rahira rahira by Bernaud,

114 melanoradiata Stoneham, 1943 (as f. of Acraea rahira). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 3 (4 pp.). Kenya: Soy. Treated as a form of Acraea rahira rahira by Bernaud, crippsi Stoneham, 1943 (as f. of Acraea rahira). Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 3 (4 pp.). Kenya: soy. Treated as a form of Acraea rahira rahira by Bernaud, Telchinia (Auracraea) rahira mufindi (Kielland, 1990) Acraea rahira mufindi Kielland, Butterflies of Tanzania 163 (363 pp.). Melbourne. Telchinia rahira mufindi (Kielland, 1990). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Tanzania: Mufindi, Ngwazi, 1800 m., 4-IV-1986, J. Kielland. Holotype and allotype to be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London. Description: Male. Larger than ssp. rahira. Upperside pale yellowish-ochre with heavy black markings. F.w. black spear-like marginal streaks fully reaching the evenly curved row of subapical black spots, and, together with the subapical black spots, enclosing several long pale-ochre spots; a discal black spot in space 1b and in 2; a larger spot at cell-end and one in cell. The discal spot in 2 placed further basad from the one in 3 than in ssp. rahira; h.w. with heavier marginal border than in rahira. Underside similar to that of rahira, but the median pale band (just outside of the discal black spots) narrower and more curved, its distal black border heavier; postdiscal row of large rusty-ochre spots faint or lacking. Length of f.w mm, average 23.9 mm. Female. Larger than the male; upperside arrangement of markings as in the male, but ground colour irregularly blackish-grey with paler patches. Underside ground colour almost as the upperside, but more even like the male, except being grey in colour. Length of f.w mm, average 27.7 mm. Male genitalia. Similar to ssp. rahira. Distribution: Tanzania (south Mufindi). Tanzania Mufindi, Ngwazi (TL). *Telchinia (Auracraea) speciosa (Wichgraf, 1909) Acraea anacreon speciosa Wichgraf, Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 53: 245 ( ). Acraea speciosa Wichgraf, Henning, G., 1993: 59. Telchinia speciosa (Wichgraf, 1909). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia speciosa. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 47mm. Jimbe, Zambia. 30.III.76. A. Heath. (Henning collection H154). Type locality: Angola. Distribution: Angola, Zambia. 114

115 Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Kasangezhi (Heath et al., 2002); 33km south of Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); Jimbe (male illustrated above). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Note 1: Larsen (2005a) believes that A. speciosa is almost certainly a subspecies of A. wigginsi. Note 2: Treated as a synonym of Acraea anacreon by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Auracraea) wigginsi (Neave, 1904) Wiggins Acraea Acraea wigginsi Neave, Novitates Zoologicae 11: 326 ( ). Telchinia wigginsi (Neave, 1904). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Kenya]: Tiriki Hills; Kisumu. Distribution: Nigeria (Tropek et al., 2013), Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya. Habitat: The grassy edges of submontane forest, at altitudes of m or higher (Bernaud, 1995; Larsen, 2005a). Degraded submontane grasslands (Tropek et al., 2013). Habits: Occurs in localized populations (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Van Someren, Bernaud, [Cameroon] Larval food: Cassia zambesiaca Oliv. (Fabaceae) [Van Someren; East Africa]. Kotschya strigosa Dewit & P.A.Duvgn. (Fabaceae) [Bernaud, 1995; Cameroon]. Telchinia (Auracraea) wigginsi wigginsi (Neave, 1904) Acraea wigginsi Neave, Novitates Zoologicae 11: 326 ( ). Telchinia wigginsi wigginsi (Neave, 1904). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Kenya]: Tiriki Hills; Kisumu. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (Ituri), Uganda, Kenya (west). Kenya Tiriki Hills (TL). Telchinia (Auracraea) wigginsi occidentalis (Bethune-Baker, 1926) Acraea wigginsi race occidentalis Bethune-Baker, Entomologist s Record and Journal of Variation 38: 115 ( ). Acraea wigginsi occidentalis Bethune-Baker, Ackery et al., 1995: 265. Acraea speciosa occidentalis Bethune-Baker, Henning, G., 1993: 59. Acraea wigginsi occidentalis Bethune-Baker, Larsen, 2005a: 453. Telchinia wigginsi occidentalis (Bethune-Baker, 1926). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Cameroon: Bitjé, Cameroons. Distribution: Nigeria (Tropek et al., 2013), Cameroon. 115

116 Nigeria Gotel Mountains (Tropek et al., 2013). Cameroon Bitje (TL). *Telchinia (Auracraea) zitja (Boisduval, 1833) Zitja Acraea (Telchinia zitja), Madagascar. Images courtesy Raimund Schutte. Acraea zitja Boisduval, Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2: 180 ( ). Telchinia zitja (Boisduval, 1933). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Madagascar: Féneriffe et à Foule-Pointe. Diagnosis: See Telchinia calida (Butler, 1878), its sister species, for differentiation between the two species. Distribution: Madagascar. Madagascar Féneriffe et à Foule-Pointe (TL); Tintingue (Boisduval, 1833); Analamazoatra forest(r. Schutte, pers. comm. April 2010); Perinet Montadia forest (R. Schutte, pers. comm. April 2010). Habitat: Forest margins, grassland and anthropogenic environments (Lees et al., 2003). Habits: A common resident in the low lying marshy areas (R. Schutte, pers. comm. April 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. rakeli Boisduval, 1833 (as sp. of Acraea). Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2: 32? ( ). Madagascar: Tintingue, de Foule-Pointe et de Féneriffe. Treated as a synonym of Acraea zitja by Bernaud, radiata Guénée, 1865 (as var. of Acraea zitja). In: Vinson, A., Voyage à Madagascar au Couronnement de Radama II 28, 35 (25-48). Paris. Madagascar: Madagascar. Treated as a form of Acraea zitja by Bernaud, fumida Mabille, 1880 (as var. of Acroeea [sic] zitja). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 23: 106 ( ). Madagascar: Foulepoint. Treated as a form of Acraea zitja by Bernaud, Metamorphosis 3 (3): 109 ( ). Subgenus Alacria Henning,

117 Type species: Acraea semivitrea Aurivillius, 1895, by original designation. An Afrotropical subgenus of 20 species. *Telchinia (Alacria) aubyni (Eltringham, 1912) Aubyn Rogers Acraea Acraea aubyni Eltringham, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 304 (1-374). Telchinia aubyni (Eltringham, 1912). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Kenya]: Mwaeba Hill, 35 m. N.N.W. of Rabai. Distribution: Kenya (coast), Tanzania? (north-east coast). Kenya Mwaeba Hill, 35 m. from Rabai (TL); Makandara Forest in the Shimba Hills (Sevastopulo, 1974). Habitat: Coastal forest (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: This is a rare butterfly (Larsen, 1991c) but was found to be common, at times, in the Makandara Forest by Sevastopulo (1974). It usually flies high above the ground (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Alacria) cinerea (Neave, 1904) Grey Acraea Acraea cinerea Neave, Novitates Zoologicae 11: 325 ( ). Telchinia cinerea (Neave, 1904). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia cinerea. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 37mm. Kakamega, Kenya, 01.00N-34.00E. 15.XII (Curle Trust Collection 46). 117

118 Telchinia cinerea. Female. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 39mm. Kakamega Forest, W. Kenya. 16.XII (Curle Trust Collection 47). Type locality: [Kenya]: Tiriki Hills. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (north Kivu and Lualaba), Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (west), Zambia. Democratic Republic of Congo Kapanga (Berger, 1981). Kenya Tiriki Hills (TL); Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c; male and female illustrated above). Tanzania Mahanga Village, south of Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Mahale Mountain (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). Habitat: Dense forest (Larsen, 1991c). Habits: The flight is feeble and many are caught in spider webs or drown when mudpuddling (Larsen, 1991c). It is known to have periodic population explosions (Larsen, 2005a). Specimens have been seen in large numbers at civet dung and mudpuddling during such irruptions (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. alberta Eltringham, 1911 (as ssp. of Acraea cinerea). Novitates Zoologicae 18: 151 ( ). Uganda?: L. Albert-Edward, 1000 m.. Treated as a form of Acraea cinerea by Bernaud, luluae Berger, 1981 (as subspecies of Acraea cinerea). Les Papillons du Zaire 197 (543 pp.). Bruxelles. [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Kapanga (Lualaba). Synonymized with cinerea (Neave, 1904) by Pierre, 2009:4. *Telchinia (Alacria) conradti (Oberthür, 1893) Acraea conradti Oberthür, Études d Entomologie 17: 22 (17-36). Telchinia conradti (Oberthür, 1893). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Tanzania]: Usambara. Distribution: Kenya, Tanzania (north-east Usambara Mountains), Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Mozambique. Kenya Teita Hills (Mbololo and Bura Hill) (Larsen, 1991c); Mariakani (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Usambara Mountains (TL); Nguelo, Usambara (Le Doux, 1928); Amani, in the Usambaras (Kielland, 1990d); Ambangulu, in the Usambaras (Kielland, 1990d); Mazumbai, in the Usambaras (Kielland, 1990d); Tengeru, near Arusha (Kielland, 1990d); Usa River, near Arusha (Kielland, 1990d); Ukami Mountains (TL of kuekenthali); Kirumbastrand (Le Doux, 1922). Habitat: Submontane forest. In Tanzania from to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A generally rare butterfly that flies high up (Larsen, 1991c). 118

119 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. flavescens Blachier, 1912 (as ab. of Acraea conradti). Bulletin de la Société Lépidoptérologique de Genève 2: 175 ( ). Tanzania: l Afrique orientale allemande. Treated as a form of Acraea conradti by Bernaud, kuekenthali Le Doux, 1922 (as sp. of Acraea). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1922: 309 ( ). Type locality: [Tanzania]: Deutsch-Ostafrika, Ukami-Berge (1200 m). Synonymized with Telchinea conradti by Henning & Williams, 2010: 35. maculosa Le Doux, 1928 (as f. of Acraea conradti). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1928: 109 (97-115). Tanzania: Nguelo, Usambara. Treated as a form of Acraea conradti by Bernaud, usambarensis Le Doux, 1928 (as female f. of Acraea conradti). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1928: 109 (97-115). Tanzania: Usambara, D.-O.-Afrika. Treated as a form of Acraea conradti by Bernaud, vossleri Le Doux, 1928 (as f. of Acraea conradti). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1928: 110 (97-115). Tanzania: Usambara, D.-O.-Afrika. Treated as a form of Acraea conradti by Bernaud, 2009 and spelt as vosseleri. salmonea Le Doux, 1922 (as sp. of Acraea). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1922: 311 ( ). Tanzania: Deutsch-Ostafrika (Kirumbastrand). Invalid; junior secondary homonym of Actinote alcyone salmonea Jordan, 1910 [Acraeinae] [extralimital]. Treated as a synonym of Acraea caldarena caldarena by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Alacria) igola (Trimen, 1889)# Dusky-veined Acraea Dusky-veined Acraea (Telchinia igola). Left male upperside. Right female upperside (red form). Images courtesy Steve Woodhall (centre and right). 119

120 Dusky-veined Acraea (Telchinia igola). Left female upperside (yellow form). Right female underside (yellow form). Images courtesy Steve Woodhall. Acraea igola Trimen, South-African butterflies: a monograph of the extra-tropical species 3 Papilionidae and Hesperidae [sic] 379 (438 pp.). London. Acraea igola Trimen. Swanepoel, 1953a. Acraea igola Trimen, Dickson & Kroon, Hyalites (Alacria) igola (Trimen and Bowker, 1889). Pringle et al., 1994: 75. [misattribution of authorship] Telchinia igola (Trimen, 1889). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia igola. Male (Wingspan 43 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Port St Johns, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. 23 March J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Telchinia igola. Female (Wingspan 48 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Port St Johns, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. 23 March J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. 120

121 Telchinia igola. Female (Wingspan 47 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Port St Johns, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. 23 March J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [South Africa]: near Eshowe, Zululand. Orignal description: Exp. al., male 1 in. 11 lin.; female 2 in. Male. Brick-red, in hind-wing spotted and bordered with black; apical area of fore-wing transparent, colourless, bordered with blackish and crossed by black-clouded nervules. Forewing: red area semi-transparent, filling discoidal cell, and occupying all space below cell to inner marginal edge as far as posteriror angle; a rather narrow blackish costal border, becoming very much broader at apex; hind-marginal border below upper radial nervule not much wider than costal border, inwardly somewhat excavated between nervules, and diminishing to a point at posterior angle; at base a short black longitudinal mark between median and submedian nervures, and a longer black streak along inner margin to before middle; an ill-defined narrow terminal disco-cellular black mark. Hind-wing: hind-marginal black border of moderate width, emitting inwardly short acute sublinear nervular dentations and very short internervular ones; black spots of moderate size, distinct, rounded, viz., one in cell near base; an irregular sub-basal curved series of four, of which the second is in the cell; two small ones obliquely placed at upper part of extremity of cell; and an irregular median discal series, of which the superior ones (except that next costa) are very small and partly obsolete, but the three lower large and conspicuous, and forming a straight row from below second median to internal nervule; base with a rather wide blackish suffusion; inner-marginal border paleyellowish beyond middle. Under side: exceedingly glossy; red in fore-wing extremely pale; hind-wing pale dullyellowish with a very faint reddish tinge. Fore-wing: costal, apical, and hind-marginal border thinly scaled with paleyellow crossed by blackish-clouded nervules. Hind-wing: hind-marginal border grey, rather closely scaled with paleyellow, crossed by blackish nervules, and also by a series of short internervular black streaks not reaching hindmargin; spots more conspicuous than above, - three additional ones present, viz., two near base on costa and inner margin respectively, and a very small one on inner margin about middle. Abdomen above black, with a superior lateral series of six small white spots, and an inferior lateral white streak, - beneath yellowish-white. Female. Red replaced by very pale yellowish; borders not so dark. Fore-wing: base widely suffused with fuscous, especially below cell, where suffusion reaches to beyond middle; submedian nervure and median nervure with its first nervule blackishclouded. Hind-wing: spots larger, especially upper ones of discal series; basal blackish suffusion considerably wider; hind-marginal border broader, emitting nervular rays inwardly. Under side: Fore-wing: border as in male; basal fuscous suffusion and yellowish area beyond both paler than on upper side. Hind-wing: whiter than in male, without reddish tinge; black spots larger; hind-marginal border broader, but its internervular sub-marginal dark marks less defined. Abdomen with larger white spots. Diagnosis: There are two female forms, one pale yellow and the other red (f. maculiventris). The dryseason form is f. turbata (Pringle et al., 1994). Distribution: Tanzania (north-east), Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe (east), South Africa (KwaZulu- Natal, Eastern Cape Province). Tanzania Amani (Le Doux, 1923); Nguelo (Le Doux, 1923); Usambara (Le Doux, 1923); Uzungwa scarp (Kielland, 1990d); Mahenge in Ulanga District (Kielland, 1990d); Kimboza Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Mkombola in the Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Mwanihana Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Mount Kilimanjaro (Baker, vide Cordeiro, 1995). Malawi Mt Mulanje (Congdon et al., 2010). Mozambique Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010). Zimbabwe Chirindu Forest, Mount Selinda (Le Doux, 1923); Mutare (Van Son, 1963); Christmas Pass (Van Son, 1963); Chipinga (Van Son, 1963); Selukwe (Van Son, 1963). KwaZulu-Natal Eshowe (TL; D Aguilar); Oribi Gorge (Swanepoel, 1953); Port Shepstone (Swanepoel, 121

122 1953); Durban (Swanepoel, 1953); Winklespruit (Van Son, 1963); Greytown (Van Son, 1963); Ubombo (Pringle et al., 1994); Kosi Bay Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002). Eastern Cape Province Port St Johns (Swanepoel, 1953); Ngqeleni (Van Son, 1963); Embotyi (Van Son, 1963). Habitat: Forest. In Tanzania at altitudes from sea-level to m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Tends to fly in the forest canopy (Pringle et al., 1994) but often also seen flying lower down, along forest roads or on forest edges (Van Son, 1963). Van Son (1963) sates that the flight is much stronger than most of its close relatives but Kielland (1990d) says that the flight is weak and hovering. Flight period: All year (Van Son, 1963). Early stages: Clark & Dickson, in Van Son, 1963: 33; plate XIV [Durban, KwaZulu-Natal]. Eggs: The eggs are laid in massed clusters; the first layer is in neat and compact rows, but each successive layer is more irregular. 0.4 mm in diameter by 0.9 mm high; the eggs have 20 longitudinal ribs, not too well defined, braced by cross braces which break up into a netting pattern over the rounded top. Nearing the micropyle they fade, leaving a smooth and shiny micropyle. They are pale watery yellow at first, assuming a pale salmon tint later. The larvae hatch after some 14 days. Larva: The young larvae eat their way out near the top and devour most of the shell. The lower larvae hatch last and eat their way up. There are often half-eaten, late and unhatched larvae. The young larvae are at first pale dull yellow, but as soon as they have fed on the surface of the leaf, lying side by side, they assume a green colour. There are two instar groups, one taking 5 instars, the other taking 6. Five instar group: 1 st instar 1.75 mm, growing to 3.5 mm in 8 days; 2 nd instar growing to 5.25 mm in 7 days; 3 rd instar growing to 10 mm in 5 days; 4 th instar growing to 16 mm in 5 days; 5 th instar growing to 26 mm in 6 days. Six instar group: 1 st instar 1.25 mm, growing to 3 mm in 8 days; 2 nd instar growing to 4.5 mm in 7 days; 3 rd instar growing to 7.5 mm in 5 days; 4 th instar growing to 12 mm in 5 days; 5 th instar growing to 16 mm in 6 days; 6 th instar growing to 26 mm in 10 days. According to Mr C.G.C. Dickson, the more advanced larvae congregate together and conceal themselves under the masses of dried leaves of the food-plant which they have previously divested of the cuticle. When the larvae are at this stage, one would not suspect their presence on the plant when glancing at it in the daytime. Pupa: The pupa is suspended by cremastral hooks. It is 17 mm long; the imago emerges after 9 days. Larval food: Urera trinervis (Hochst.) Friis & Immelman (Urticaceae) [Green, in Platt, 1921; as Urera cameroonensis Wedd., and Van Son, 1963: 34; as Urera woodii N.E. Br.]. maculiventris Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1894 in Grose-Smith & Kirby, (as sp. of Acraea). Rhopalocera exotica, being illustrations of new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies 2: 16 (261 pp.). London. South Africa. Treated as a form of Acraea igola by Bernaud, turbata Le Doux, 1923 (as f. of Acraea igola). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1923: 221 ( ). Zimbabwe: Chirunda-Wald (4500 Fuss), Gazaland. Treated as a form of Acraea igola by Bernaud, fasciola Le Doux, 1923 (as f. of Acraea igola). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1923: 222 ( ). Tanzania: Amani, Nguelo, Usambara (Deutsch-Ostafrika). Treated as a form of Acraea igola by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Alacria) melanoxantha (Sharpe, 1891) Acraea melanoxantha Sharpe, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891: 193 ( ). Telchinia melanoxantha (Sharpe, 1891). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Kenya/Uganda: Mount Elgon. Distribution: Sudan (south), Uganda, Kenya (west). Uganda Mount Elgon (TL). Kenya Mount Elgon (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c); Kericho (Larsen, 1991c); Mara River (Larsen, 1991c); Nandi Hills (Larsen, 1991c). 122

123 Habitat: Forest. Habits: Although localized it may at times be very common (Larsen, 1991c). Males come readily to carrion and excrement (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Van Someren, 1935 Larval food: Adenia species (Passifloraceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 360]. *Telchinia (Alacria) newtoni (Sharpe, 1893) Acraea newtoni Sharpe, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893: 554 ( ). Telchinia newtoni (Sharpe, 1893). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Sao Tome & Principe: St. Nicolau. Distribution: Sao Tome & Principe (island of Sao Tome). Sao Tome & Principe St. Nicolau, Sao Tome (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Telchinia (Alacria) ntebiae (Sharpe, 1897) Acraea ntebiae Sharpe, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 19: 581 ( ). Telchinia ntebiae (Sharpe, 1897). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia ntebiae ntebiae. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 45mm. Kalinzu, S.W. Uganda. 6/1991. S. Collins. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Type locality: [Uganda]: Ntebi. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon (Kielland, 1990d), Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat: Submontane forest. In Tanzania subspecies kigoma occurs at altitudes between 800 and m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: The flight is slow and hovering. Often found in denser parts of the forest, congregating at damp places on stream banks (Kielland, 1990d). Frequently feeds from flowers on trees and shrubs (Congdon & 123

124 Collins, 1998). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Telchinia (Alacria) ntebiae ntebiae (Sharpe, 1897) Acraea ntebiae Sharpe, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 19: 581 ( ). Telchinia ntebiae ntebiae (Sharpe, 1897). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia ntebiae ntebiae. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 45mm. Kalinzu, S.W. Uganda. 6/1991. S. Collins. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Type locality: [Uganda]: Ntebi. Distribution: Cameroon (Kielland, 1990d); Democratic Republic of Congo (central and north), Uganda, Tanzania (north-west). Democratic Republic of Congo Ligunda (Aurivillius, 1904). Uganda Entebbe (TL); Toro (Sharpe, 1904); Kalinzu (male illustrated above). Tanzania Minziro Forests (Congdon & Collins, 1998). melanostricta Sharpe, 1904 (as sp. of Acraea). Entomologist 37: 181 ( ). Uganda: Toro. Treated as a synonym of Acraea ntebiae ntebiae by Bernaud, 2009 and spelt as melanosticta. mairessei Aurivillius, 1904 (as sp. of Acraea). Entomologisk Tidskrift 25: 93 (92-96). Democratic Republic of Congo: Congogebiet; Ligunda. Treated as a synonym of Acraea ntebiae ntebiae by Bernaud, Telchinia (Alacria) ntebiae dewitzi (Carcasson, 1981) Acraea ntebiae dewitzi Carcasson, Collins handguide to the butterflies of Africa 175 (188 pp.). Telchinia ntebiae dewitzi (Carcasson, 1981). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: sez[aire]. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (south-east Shaba), Zambia. Democratic Republic of Congo Katanga (Aurivillius, 1904). Zambia Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002). 124

125 dewitzi Aurivillius, 1904 (as ab? of Acraea mairessei). Entomologisk Tidskrift 25:94 (92-96). Democratic Republic of Congo: Katanga. Treated as a form of Acraea ntebiae ntebiae by Bernaud, Telchinia (Alacria) ntebiae nyongana (d Abrera, 1980) Acraea ntebiae nyongana d Abrera, Butterflies of the Afrotropical region 123 (593 pp.). Melbourne. Telchinia ntebiae nyongana (d Abrera, 1980). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia ntebiae nyongana (d Abrera, 1980). Pierre, Type locality: Cameroon: Kamerun: Nyong Jaundestation. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Nigeria Obudu Plateau (St Leger, vide Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Bamenda (TL); Nyong (Strand, 1914); Rumpi Hills (Larsen, 2005a). nyongana Strand, 1914 (as ab. of Acraea mairessei). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 104 (97-144). Cameroon: Kamerun: Nyong Jaundestation. Treated as a synonym of Acraea ntebiae nyongana by Bernaud, alticola Schultze, 1923 (as var. of Acraea mairessei). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 104 (97-144). Cameroon: Kamerun: Nyong Jaundestation. In Schultze & Aurivillius, Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition 1(17): 1123 ( ). Cameroon: bei Bamenda (1500 m) im Grashochland von Nordwest-Kamerun. Given as Acraea ntebiae alticola Schultze, 1923 by Ackery et al., Given as Acraea alticola Schultze, 1923 by Larsen, 2005a: 444, stat. rev. Synonymized with Telchinia ntebiae nyongana (d Abrera, 1980) by Pierre, 2009: 5. Telchinia (Alacria) ntebiae kigoma (Kielland, 1978) Acraea ntebiae kigoma Kielland, Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 121: 191 ( ). Telchinia ntebiae kigoma (Kielland, 1978). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Tanzania: Kigoma, Lukandamira, 1600 m. Distribution: Tanzania (west). Tanzania Lukandamira (TL); Ntondo (Kielland, 1990d); Kasoge Forest in the Mahale Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Luntampa Forest near Ntakatta (Kielland, 1990d). Note: Treated as a synonym of Acraea ntebiae ntebiae by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Alacria) oreas (Sharpe, 1891) Black-and-white Acraea Acraea oreas Sharpe, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891: 193 ( ). Telchinia oreas (Sharpe, 1891). Silva-Brandao et al.,

126 Telchinia oreas oreas. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 50mm. Mwera, Shaba, Zaire [D.R.C.]. III-83. Th. Bouyer. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Type locality: Kenya/Uganda: Mount Elgon. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat: Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Found at altitudes from to m (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania at altitudes between 800 and m (Kielland, 1990d). Subspecies oboti is found in the Nigeria-Cameroon mountains at altitudes usually above m. Populations occur disjunctly on many isolated mountains, but there is little obvious variation between these populations (Collins & Larsen, 2000). Habits: This is quite a common butterfly (seasonally) but flies fast and high above the ground. Individuals come to feed at damp patches, and are also very partial to excrement and rotten meat (Collins & Larsen, 2000). In Nigeria the larval food-plant only has leaves in the wet season (April to November) and larvae are absent in the dry season (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Bernaud, 1994c. Larval food: Morus species (Moraceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 160; Ackery et al., 1995; probably erroneous]. Urera cordifolia Engl. (Urticaceae) [Bernaud, 1994]. Urera species (Urticaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 160]. Telchinia (Alacria) oreas oreas (Sharpe, 1891) Acraea oreas Sharpe, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891: 193 ( ). Telchinia oreas oreas (Sharpe, 1891). Silva-Brandao et al.,

127 Telchinia oreas oreas. Male. Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan: 50mm. Mwera, Shaba, Zaire [D.R.C.]. III-83. Th. Bouyer. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Type locality: Kenya/Uganda: Mount Elgon. Distribution: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (Ituri, north Kivu, Shaba), Sudan (south), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north and west), Zambia (north). Angola Bihe District (TL). Democratic Republic of Congo Mwera (male illustrated above). Kenya Mount Elgon (TL); Tiriki Hills (Neave, 1904). Tanzania From Ufipa to Ugandan border in west (Kielland, 1990d); Oldeani-Ngorongoro (Kielland, 1990d); Mount Meru (Kielland, 1990d); Mount Kilimanjaro (Kielland, 1990d); Mbulu forests (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Miengwe (Heath et al., 2002); Samfya (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002). albimaculata Neave, 1904 (as f. of Acraea oreas). Novitates Zoologicae 11: 329 ( ). Kenya: Tiriki Hills. Treated as a form of Acraea oreas by Bernaud, angolanus Lathy, 1906 (as species of Acraea). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1906: 3 (1-10). Angola: Bihé District. Synonymized with oreas (Sharpe, 1891) by Pierre, 2009: 7. radians Aurivillius, 1913 in Seitz, (as female ab. of Acraea oreas). Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 251 (614 pp.). Angola. Treated as an aberration of Acraea oreas oreas by Bernaud, Telchinia (Alacria) oreas oboti (Collins & Larsen, 2000) Acraea oreas oboti Collins & Larsen, Metamorphosis 11 (2): 67 (57-75). Telchinia oreas oboti (Collins & Larsen, 2000). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Nigeria: Obudu Cattle Ranch, 21.xii (R. St. Leger leg., coll. Natural History Museum, London). Described from a series of both sexes from the Mambilla Plateau (D. Knoop leg.) in Nigeria and various localities in Cameroon (ABRI). Distribution: Nigeria (Obudu Plateau, Mambilla Plateau), Cameroon. Nigeria Obudu Cattle Ranch (TL); Mambilla Plateau (Knoop, vide Collins & Larsen, 2000). *Telchinia (Alacria) orina (Hewitson, 1874) Orina Acraea Acraea orina Hewitson, Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 11: 130 ( ). Telchinia orina (Hewitson, 1874). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon (west), Equatorial Guinea (Mbini and Bioko), Central African Republic. Recorded, in error, by Ackery et al., 1995 from Sierra Leone (Larsen, 2005a). 127

128 Ivory Coast Danane (Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978); Man (Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978); Lamto (Pierre & Vuattoux, 1978); Mount Peko (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a); Bereby (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Bia (Larsen, 2005a); Ankasa (Larsen, 2005a); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria Omo (Larsen, 2005a); Ikom (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Kitta (Aurivillius, 1893); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Habitat: Mainly forest clearings and edges (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: Commonest in the Volta Region of Ghana and in Togo (Larsen, 2005a). Both sexes come to flowers and males mudpuddle, especially during the dry season (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. oreta Hewitson, 1874 (as sp. of Acraea). Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 11: 131 ( ). Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Treated as a synonym of Acraea orina by Bernaud, nigroapicalis Aurivillius, 1893 (as var. of Acraea orina). Entomologisk Tidskrift 14: 275 ( ). Cameroon: Kitta. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/o). Treated as a form of Acraea orina by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Alacria) orinata (Oberthür, 1893) Acraea orinata Oberthür, Études d Entomologie 17: 22 (17-36). Telchinia orinata (Oberthür, 1893). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Congo (Oubanghi, à 1,200 kilomètres de la côte). Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania (north-west), Zambia (north-west) (Gardiner, 2010b). Gabon Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Ovan (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Oubanghi (TL). Uganda Kampala (Eltringham, 1912); Entebbe (Eltringham, 1912). Tanzania Bukoba Region (Pierre, 1979); Minziro forests (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Habitat: Dense forest (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania at altitudes above m (Kielland, 1990d). Miombo Woodland (Gardiner, 2010b). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. orineta Eltringham, 1912 (as ssp. of Acraea orina). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 265 (1-374). Uganda: Kampala, Entebbe. Treated as a synonym of Acraea orinata by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Alacria) parrhasia (Fabricius, 1793) Yellow-veined Acraea Papilio parrhasia Fabricius, Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 175 (488 pp.). Telchinia parrhasia (Fabricius, 1793). Silva-Brandao et al.,

129 Telchinia parrhasia parrhasia. Male (Wingspan 42 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 42 mm. Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana. 28 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [West Africa]: Indiis. [False locality.] Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat: Forest (Larsen, 1991c; Heath et al., 2002). In Tanzania subspecies servona occurs at altitudes from 800 to m and subspecies orientis from 250 to m (Kielland, 1990d). Subspecies orientis was noted to frequent swampy areas in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A relatively uncommon butterfly that may have population explosions in the dry season (Larsen, 2005a). Generally flies high up but may descend to ground level in search of excrement or other foul matter on which to feed (Larsen, 1991c). Males are known to mudpuddle (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Pierre & Bernaud, 1999a. Larval food: Dioscorea smilacifolia De Wild. (Dioscoreaceae) [Fontaine, 1988; Democratic Republic of Congo; ssp. servona]. Urera rigida (Benth.) Keay (Urticaceae) [Owen, 1971; Sierra Leone; ssp. parrhasia]. Urtica species (Urticaceae) [Pierre, 1987; ssp. servona]. Telchinia (Alacria) parrhasia parrhasia (Fabricius, 1793) Papilio parrhasia Fabricius, Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): 175 (488 pp.). Telchinia parrhasia parrhasia (Fabricius, 1793). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia parrhasia parrhasia. Male (Wingspan 42 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 42 mm. Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana. 28 November J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. 129

130 Type locality: [West Africa]: Indiis. [False locality.] Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon (west). Cameroon Mokundange (Strand, 1914); Korup (Larsen, 2005a). parrhoppidia Staudinger, 1896 (as var. of Acraea leona). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 201 ( ). Cameroon: Kamerun. Treated as a synonym of Acraea parrhasia parrhasia by Bernaud, pseudoppidia Strand, 1914 (as f. of Acraea parrhasia). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 103 (97-144). Cameroon: Kamerun, Mokundange. Treated as a form of Acraea parrhasia parrhasia by Bernaud, Telchinia (Alacria) parrhasia servona (Godart, [1819]) Acraea servona Godart, 1819 in Latreille & Godart, [1819], [1824]. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: 239 (1-328 [1819], [1824]). Paris. Acraea parrhasia servona Godart, Pierre & Bernaud, 1999: 589. Telchinia parrhasia servona (Godart, 1819). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia parrhasia servona. Male (Wingspan 43 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 43 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 17 February P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: Angola: La côte d Angole. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Uganda, Ethiopia (south), Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west), Zambia (north-west). Nigeria Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Fernan Vaz (Eltringtham, 1912); Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Ovan (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010); camp PPG (van de Weghe, 2010). Angola Pungo Andongo (Eltringham, 1912). Democratic Republic of Congo Kwidgwi Island, Lake Kivu (Eltringham, 1912). Central African Republic Dzanga (Noss, 1998). Uganda Sesse Islands (Grünberg, 1910). Ethiopia Banka, Malo; Gamitscha to Anderatscha, Kaffa (Rothschild & Jordan, 1905); Gosh Kand (Carpenter, 1935). Tanzania Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002). 130

131 lycoides Boisduval, 1836 (as sp. of Acraea). In: [Roret, Suites à Buffon] Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Species général des Lépidopteres 1: pl. 11 (690 pp.). Paris. No locality given. Treated as a synonym of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, dejana Godman & Salvin, 1890 (as sp. of Acraea). In: Jameson, J.J., Story of the rear column of the Emin Pasha relief expedition: 431 ( ). Democratic Republic of Congo: Congo Valley. Treated as a synonym of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, rhodina Rothschild & Jordan, 1905 (as ssp. of Acraea cerceis). Novitates Zoologicae 12: 184 ( ). Ethiopia: Banka, Malo; Gamitscha to Anderatscha, Kaffa. Invalid; junior primary homonym of Acraea pharsalus rhodina Rothschild, 1902 [Acraeinae]. Treated as a synonym of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, rubra Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea servona). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 295 (1-374). Angola: Pungo Andongo ; Gabon: Gaboon (Fernan Vaz). Treated as a form of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, tenebrosa Eltringham, 1912 (as ssp. of Acraea servona). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 296 (1-374). Democratic Republic of Congo: German East Africa (Kwidgwi I., L. Kivu). Invalid; junior primary homonym of Acraea tenebrosa Hewitson, 1868 [Acraeinae] [extralimital]. Treated as a synonym of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, digitata Carpenter, 1935 (as f. of Acraea servona). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 83: 378 ( ). Ethiopia: Gosh Kand. Treated as a form of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, tenebrosana Ackery, 1995 (as replacement name for Acraea servona tenebrosa Eltringham, 1912). In: Ackery, et al., 1995: 264. Synonymized with A. parrhasia (Fabricius, 1793) by Pierre & Bernaud, 1999: 589. Treated as a form of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, subochreata Grünberg, 1910 (as var. of Acraea circeis). Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1910: 164 ( ). Uganda: Sesse-Inseln. Synonymized with A. parrhasia (Fabricius, 1793) by Pierre & Bernaud, 1999: 589. Treated as a form of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, Telchinia (Alacria) parrhasia kenya (van Someren & Rogers, 1926) Acraea servona kenya van Someren & Rogers, Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 1926 (27): 225 ( ). Acraea parrhasia kenya van Someren & Rogers, Pierre & Bernaud, 1999: 589. Telchinia parrhasia kenya (van Someren & Rogers, 1926). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Kenya]: Meru, Mt. Kenya. Distribution: Kenya (north-eastern slopes of Mt Kenya, and the Njombeni Hills). Kenya Meru, Mount Kenya (TL). Telchinia (Alacria) parrhasia limonata (Eltringham, 1912) Acraea servona limonata Eltringham, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 295 (1-374). Acraea parrhasia limonata Eltringham, Pierre & Bernaud, 1999: 589. Telchinia parrhasia limonata (Eltringham, 1912). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Distribution: Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). 131

132 oppidia Hewitson, 1874 (as sp. of Acraea). Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 11: 131 ( ). Equatorial Guinea: Fernando Po. Treated as a form of Acraea parrhasia parrhasia by Bernaud, Telchinia (Alacria) parrhasia orientis (Aurivillius, 1904) Acraea circeis var. orientis Aurivillius, Entomologisk Tidskrift 25: 94 (92-96). Acraea servona orientis Aurivillius, Ackery et al., 1995: 263. Acraea parrhasia orientis Aurivillius, Pierre & Bernaud, 1999: 589. Telchinia parrhasia orientis (Aurivillius, 1904). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Tanzania]: Deutsch Ost-Afrika, Ukami. Holotype in the Swedish Natural History Museum (images available at www2.nrm.se/en/lep_nrm/c). Distribution: Kenya (south-east), Tanzania (east and north). Kenya Teita Hills (Larsen, 1991c); Mount Sagala (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Ukami (TL); Amani (Strand, 1911); Derema (Strand, 1911); Ulanga District (Kielland, 1990d); Mufindi (Kielland, 1990d); Mwanihana Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Kimboza Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Usambara Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Northern Highlands (Kielland, 1990d). Note: Treated as a form of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, depunctella Strand, 1911 (as ab. of Acraea cerceis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 4: 226 ( , ). Tanzania: Amani. Treated as an aberration of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, unipunctella Strand, 1911 (as ab. of Acraea cerceis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 4: 226 ( , ). Tanzania: Amani. Treated as an aberration of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, semipunctella Strand, 1911 (as ab. of Acraea cerceis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 4: 226 ( , ). Tanzania: Derema. Treated as an aberration of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, transienda Strand, 1911 (as ab. of Acraea cerceis). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 4: 226 ( , ). No locality given. Treated as an aberration of Acraea parrhasia servona by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Alacria) penelope (Staudinger, 1896) Penelope Acraea 132

133 Male Penelope Acraea (Telchinia penelope), Uganda. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte. Acraea penelope Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 195 ( ). Telchinia penelope (Staudinger, 1896). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia penelope penelope. Male (Wingspan 38 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 38 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 15 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Congo-Gebiets. Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia (Kielland, 1990d), Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Recorded, in error, from Ghana and Benin by Kielland (1990d). Habitat: Submontane forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A fairly rare species, at least in the west of its range (Larsen, 2005a). Males often mudpuddle (Kielland, 1990d). In some years there are population irruptions (Larsen, 1991c). Both sexes come to flowers, especially those of Eupatorium odorata (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Urera species (Urticaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 160]. Telchinia (Alacria) penelope penelope (Staudinger, 1896) Acraea penelope Staudinger, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 195 ( ). Telchinia penelope penelope (Staudinger, 1896). Silva-Brandao et al.,

134 Telchinia penelope penelope. Male (Wingspan 38 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 38 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 15 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Congo-Gebiets. Distribution: Nigeria (east), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia (Kielland, 1990d), Uganda, Kenya (Kielland, 1990d), Tanzania (west). Nigeria Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a); Mambilla Plateau (R. Warren, vide Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup, at m and above (Larsen, 2005a); Rumpi Hills (Bernaud, vide Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Kinguele (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Kongou (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010). Uganda Entebbe (Eltringham, 1912); Toro (Eltringham, 1912); Kampala (Eltringham, 1912); Kitanwa (Eltringham, 1912); Sesse Islands (Aurivillius, 1913); Mulange (Le Doux, 1928); West Elgon (Jackson, 1951); Mbale (Jackson, 1951); District of Bugishu (Jackson, 1951). Kenya Tiriki Hills, Kabras (Eltringham, 1912). Tanzania Kasoge (Kielland, 1990d); Mihumu Forest (Kielland, 1990d). argentea Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea penelope). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 283 (1-374). Uganda: Entebbe. Treated as a form of Acraea Penelope penelope by Bernaud, exalbescens Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea penelope). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 283 (1-374). Uganda: Toro, Kampala. Treated as a form of Acraea penelope penelope by Bernaud, penella Eltringham, 1912 (as female f. of Acraea penelope). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 283 (1-374). Uganda: Kitanwa. Treated as a form of Acraea penelope by Bernaud, sulphurescens Aurivillius, 1913 in Seitz, (as female ab. of Acraea penelope). Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 254 (614 pp.). Uganda: Sesse Islands. Treated as a form of Acraea penelope penelope by Bernaud, laeticolor Le Doux, 1928 (as f. of Acraea penelope). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1928: 108 (97-115). Uganda: Mulange. Treated as a form of Acraea penelope penelope by Bernaud, josetta Jackson, 1951 (as female f. of Acraea penelope penelope). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 20: 96 (91-105). Uganda: West Elgon, Mbale, District of Bugishu. Treated as an aberration of Acraea penelope penelope by Bernaud, vitrea Eltringham, 1912 (as subspecies of Acraea penelope). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 284 (1-374). [Kenya]: Tiriki Hills, Kabras. Synonymized with penelope (Staudinger, 1896) by Pierre, 2009:

135 Telchinia (Alacria) penelope derubescens (Eltringham, 1912) Acraea penelope derubescens Eltringham, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 284 (1-374). Synonym of Acraea translucida Eltringham, Larsen, 2005a: 445, syn. nov. Telchinia penelope derubescens (Eltringham, 1912). Pierre, Type locality: Togo: Misahöhe Station near Tongbe. Distribution: Ivory Coast?, Ghana, Togo, Benin?, Nigeria, Cameroon. Ghana Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Tano Ofin (Larsen, 2005a). Togo Misahohe, near Tongbe (TL; Eltringham, 1912). Nigeria Lagos (Oni) (Eltringham, 1912); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Toko in Korup (Larsen, 2005a). translucida Eltringham, 1912 (as subspecies of Acraea penelope). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 285 (1-374). Nigeria: Lagos (Oni). Acraea translucida Eltringham, Larsen, 2005a: 445, stat. rev. Telchinia translucida (Eltringham, 1912). Silva-Brandao et al., Synonymized with Telchinia penelope derubescens (Eltringham, 1912) by Pierre, 2009: 5. *Telchinia (Alacria) perenna (Doubleday, [1847]) Falcate Acraea Acraea perenna Doubleday, 1847 in Doubleday & Westwood, [ ]. The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: pl. 19 [1847], 141 [1848] (1: pp.; 2: pp.). London. Telchinia perenna (Doubleday, 1847). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia perenna perenna. Male (Wingspan 63 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 63 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 September P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Ghana]: Ashanti. Distribution: Senegal, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique. Habitat: Forest (Heath et al., 2002). Forest-savanna mosaic in hilly country (Larsen, 2005a). In Tanzania subspecies thesprio occurs in dense woodland rather than true forest (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania the nominate subspecies flies at altitudes between 800 and m and subspecies thesprio at altitudes between 500 and m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: An uncommon species that sometimes feeds from carrion and excrement and often mudpuddles (Larsen, 2005a). Kielland (1990) regards the nominate subspecies to be a common forest species in Tanzania but states that subspecies thesprio is uncommon. Both sexes often feed from flowers (Larsen, 135

136 1991c) and males mudpuddle (Kielland, 1990d). The flight is elegant, specimens often swooping up and down before landing (Larsen, 2005a). It is probably the main mimicry model for Graphium ridleyanus (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Adenia species (Passifloraceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 161]. Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 161; Bernaud & Lequeux, 2011 (Uganda)]. Kolobopetalum chevalieri (Hutch. & Dalziel) Troupin (Menispermaceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 161]. Mikania sagittifera B.L.Rob. (Asteraceae) [Heath et al., 2002: 41]. Mikania scandens (Asteraceae) [Kielland, 1990d: 161]. Mikania species (Asteraceae) [Fontaine, 1988; Democratic Republic of Congo]. Olobopetalum species (Menispermaceae) [Fontaine, 1988; Democratic Republic of Congo]. Urera species (Urticaceae) [Congdon & Bampton, unpublished 2003; Minziro, Tanzania]. Telchinia (Alacria) perenna perenna (Doubleday, [1847]) Acraea perenna Doubleday, 1847 in Doubleday & Westwood, [ ]. The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: pl. 19 [1847], 141 [1848] (1: pp.; 2: pp.). London. Telchinia perenna perenna (Doubleday, 1847). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia perenna perenna. Male (Wingspan 63 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 63 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 September P. Ward. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Ghana]: Ashanti. Distribution: Senegal, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia (north-west), Mozambique. Senegal Basse Casamance (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone Loma Mountains (Larsen, 2005a); Freetown (Larsen, 2005a). Liberia Yendamalahoun (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast Man (Larsen, 2005a); Mount Tonkoui (Larsen, 2005a); Lamto (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana Ashanti (TL); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Abetifi (Larsen, 2005a); Wli Falls (Larsen, 2005a); Bobiri Butterfly Sanctuary (Larsen et al., 2007). Nigeria Obudu Plateau (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon Korup, above m (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Bitam (van de Weghe, 2010); camp Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010); Franceville (van de Weghe, 2010); Ekouyi (van de Weghe, 2010); camp PPG (van de Weghe, 2010). Uganda Kayonza Forest (male illustrated above). 136

137 Tanzania Zanzibar (Oberthür, 1893); Muagatal (Strand, 1913); Pare Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguu Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Nguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d); Mwanihana Forest (Kielland, 1990d); Mpanda to the Ugandan border (Kielland, 1990d); Karanga River, south slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro at m (Cordeiro, 1995); Moshi (Cordeiro, 1995). Zambia Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002). Mozambique Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010). polydectes Ward, 1871 (as sp. of Acraea). Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 8: 81 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, ). Cameroon: Camaroons. Treated as a synonym of Acraea perenna perenna by Bernaud, thesprio Oberthür, 1893 (as species of Acraea). Études d Entomologie 17: 21 (17-36). [Tanzania]: Zanguebar. Synonymized with perenna (Doubleday, 1847) by Pierre, 2009: 4. usagara Strand, 1913 (as ab. of Acraea perenna). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 79 (A.2.): 172 ( ). Tanzania: S.O. Usagaraberge, Muagatal. Treated as an aberration of Acraea perenna perenna by Bernaud, Telchinia (Alacria) perenna kaffana (Rothschild, 1902) Acraea perenna kaffana Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicae 9: 595 ( ). Telchinia perenna kaffana (Rothschild, 1902). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Kaffa. Distribution: Ethiopia. Ethiopia Kaffa (TL). *Telchinia (Alacria) quirinalis (Grose-Smith, 1900) Acraea quirinalis Grose-Smith, Novitates Zoologicae 7: 544 ( ). Telchinia quirinalis (Grose-Smith, 1900). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Tanzania]: Usukuma, south of Lake Victoria Nyanza. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (central and east), Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (northwest), Zambia (north-west) (Gardiner, 2010b). Kenya Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c); Nandi (Larsen, 1991c); Tiriki (Larsen, 1991c); Kisumu (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Usukuma (TL); Ntakatta Forest (1 400 to m) (Kielland, 1990d). Habitat: Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Miobo Woodland (Gardiner, 2010b). Habits: Locally and seasonally common, and may be very numerous (Larsen, 1991c). On occasion it remains in the forest canopy, often feeding on the top of a flowering tree (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Van Someren, Jiggins et al., 2003: 70. The eggs are laid in a single layer, spaced out. Mean clutch size is 51 (n=13). Larval food: 137

138 Urera hypselodendron (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Wedd. (Urticaceae) [Van Someren, 1974: 323]. Laportea ovalifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Chew (Urticaceae) [Jiggins et al., 2003; Uganda]. *Telchinia (Alacria) safie (Felder & Felder, [1865]) Acraea safie Felder & Felder, 1865 in Felder & Felder, [1865-7]. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 370 (549 pp.). Wien. Telchinia safie (Felder & Felder, 1865). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Abyssinia Meridionalis. Distribution: Ethiopia. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Telchinia (Alacria) safie safie (Felder & Felder, [1865]) Acraea safie Felder & Felder, 1865 in Felder & Felder, [1865-7]. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara 370 (549 pp.). Wien. Telchinia safie safie (Felder & Felder, 1865). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Abyssinia Meridionalis. Distribution: Ethiopia (north and central). Ethiopia Djemdjem Forest (Gabriel, 1949). tillini Gabriel, 1949 (as female f. of Acraea safie). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 18: 208 ( ). Ethiopia: Djemdjem Forest, 8000 ft.. Treated as a form of Acraea safie safie by Bernaud, Telchinia (Alacria) safie antinorii (Oberthür, 1880) Acraea antinorii Oberthür, Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacomo Doria 15: 157 ( ). Telchinia safie antinorii (Oberthür, 1880). Silva-Brandao et al., Type locality: [Ethiopia]: Mahal-Uonz; Let-Marefia; Scioa. Distribution: Ethiopia (west and south). Ethiopia Mahal-Uonz (TL); Let-Marefia (Oberthür, 1880); Scioa (Oberthür, 1880); Djimma (Le Doux, 1928); Oumbi (Ungemach, 1932). neumanni Le Doux, 1928 (as f. of Acraea safie). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1928: 107 (97-115). Ethiopia: Djimma, S.-W.-Abyssinien. Treated as a form of Acraea safir safie by Bernaud, albipuncta Ungemach, 1932 (as ab. of Acraea safie antinorii). Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 74 (1-122). Ethiopia: Oumbi. Treated as an aberration of Acraea safie by Bernaud, oumbiana Ungemach, 1932 (as ab. of Acraea safie antinorii). Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 75 (1-122). Ethiopia: Oumbi. Treated as an aberration of Acraea safie safie Bernaud,

139 *Telchinia (Alacria) semivitrea (Aurivillius, 1895) Glassy Acraea Acraea semivitrea Aurivillius, Entomologisk Tidskrift 16: 111 ( ). Telchinia semivitrea (Aurivillius, 1895). Silva-Brandao et al., Telchinia semivitrea. Male (Wingspan 48 mm). Left upperside; right underside. Wingspan 48 mm. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 June J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: Congo-Gebiete, Loulouaburg. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (northwest), Zambia (north-west) (Gardiner, 2010b). Cameroon Toko in Korup at m (Larsen, 2005a); Rumpi Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Gabon Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Mount Belinga (van de Weghe, 2010); Gamba (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo Loulouburg (TL). Uganda Entebbe (Sharpe, 1897). Kenya Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Kikuru Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Habitat: Submontane and lowland forest (Larsen, 2005a). Miombo Woodland (Gardiner, 2010b). Habits: Flies quite strongly and high up, and is known to show hilltopping behaviour (Kere Hill). Males are said to mudpuddle and are also attracted to dung (Congdon & Collins, 1998). Larsen (2005a) illustrates a male feeding on the liver of a squashed civet. Individuals also feed from flowers and mudpuddle (Larsen, 1991c). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Urera trinervis (Hochst.) Friis & Immelman (Urticaceae) [Congdon & Collins, 1998: 34; Tanzania; as U. cameroonensis]. pervia Sharpe, 1897 (as sp. of Acraea). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 19: 581 ( ). Uganda: Ntebi. Treated as a synonym of Acraea semivitrea by Bernaud, *Telchinia (Alacria) simulata (Le Doux, 1923) Acraea simulata Le Doux, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1923: 220 ( ). Telchinia simulata (Le Doux, 1923). Silva-Brandao et al.,