Pool Canvas. Add. Creation Settings. Name Test Bank Chapter 1: Multiple Choice Description Question pool for Chapter 1: Multiple Choice Instructions

Transcription

1 1 of 17 TEST BANK > CONTROL PANEL > POOL MANAGER > POOL CANVAS Pool Canvas Add, modify, and remove questions. Select a question type from the Add drop-down list and click Go to add questions. Use Creation Settings to establish which default options, such as feedback and images, are available for question creation. Add Creation Settings Name Test Bank Chapter 1: Multiple Choice Description pool for Chapter 1: Multiple Choice Instructions Modify One who systematically gathers information in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical: Answer mentalist. legalist. scientist. practitioner. If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into becoming a: Answer clinical practitioner. clinical researcher. clinical historian. clinical statistician. A student in an abnormal psychology class receives the highest test grade in a class of 50 students. This behavior is considered abnormal because it is: Answer dangerous to self or others. deviant. dysfunctional. distressful. The explicit and implicit rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as: Answer norms. culture. morality. conventions. Behavior that violates legal norms is: Answer deviant and criminal. distressful and criminal. deviant and psychopathological. distressful and psychopathological. The history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a society make up that society's: Answer laws. norms. culture. conventions. Last week Elaine took an IQ test and scored extremely high. According to the definition of abnormality, her behavior is an example of: Answer distress. deviance. dysfunction. danger to self or others.

2 2 of 17 Brilliant scholars or champion athletes are not considered clinically abnormal because: Answer their behaviors are valued by the culture. their behaviors are not sufficiently deviant. there are many people who exhibit these behaviors. people who exhibit these behaviors are not unhappy. Which of the following depressed people would be the least likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder because of specific circumstances? Answer someone whose mother was depressed someone whose husband was killed on 9/11 someone who was experiencing a chemical brain imbalance someone who was also an alcoholic Mario is so miserable that he can barely tolerate living. According to the definition of abnormality, this description is an example of: Answer distress. deviance. dysfunction. danger to self or others. An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time, and expresses great distress over this fact. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is: Answer dysfunctional. deviant. dysfunctional and deviant. dangerous. Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? Answer distress deviance dysfunction danger to self or others A Secret Service agent steps in front of the President of the United States, prepared to be killed or injured if the President's safety is threatened. Psychologically speaking, the Secret Service agent's behavior is: Answer functional, but psychologically abnormal. functional, and not psychologically abnormal. dysfunctional, and psychologically abnormal. dysfunctional, but not psychologically abnormal. Research shows that danger to self or others is found in: Answer all cases of abnormal functioning. most cases of abnormal functioning. some cases of abnormal functioning. no cases of abnormal functioning. Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological problems are not: Answer dysfunctional. dangerous. distressing. deviant.

3 3 of 17 Thomas Szasz's view about the idea of mental illness is that: Answer most people suffer some form of psychological abnormality most of the time. most people suffer some form of psychological abnormality at some time. the majority of abnormalities are merely eccentricities. most abnormalities are simply problems in living. According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some call mental illness are really: Answer mental illnesses. problems in living. caused by one's early childhood experiences. eccentric behaviors with a biological cause. A researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments or doing library reading and records observations on color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in the country, but doesn't interfere with others' lives. The best description of the researcher's behavior is that it is: Answer eccentric. abnormal. dangerous. dysfunctional. Clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms of therapy include all of the following except a: Answer series of contacts. healer. third-party payer. sufferer who seeks relief. One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with their problems in living as: Answer pupils. patients. trainees. clients. Several researchers have shown that in a typical year in the United States about what percentage of adults show disturbances severe enough to need clinical treatment? Answer less than 1% 5-10% 10-15% more than 15% Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the incidence of psychological abnormality, historically and worldwide? Answer It appears in all cultures during all time periods. It appears in all cultures, but only during occasional time periods. It appears in only some cultures, but during all time periods in those cultures. It appears in only some cultures, and only occasionally in those cultures. Which of the following is estimated to occur most frequently in the adult population of the United States? Answer anxiety schizophrenia Alzheimer's completed suicides

4 4 of 17 The proportion of people who experience schizophrenia in the United States is nearest to the proportion who experience: Answer anxiety. depression. Alzheimers. a personality disorder. The practice of trephination was probably used to: Answer remove a part of the brain. relieve pressure on the brain. allow the release of evil spirits. restore the balance among the four humors. The use of exorcism suggests a belief that what we call mental illness was caused by: Answer germs. poisons. evil spirits. psychological trauma. A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made to drink bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, in the hope that evil spirits will be driven from the person's body. This form of therapy is called: Answer exorcism. shaman. couvade. trephination. If you were being treated by a shaman, you would most likely be undergoing: Answer psychoanalysis. gender-sensitive therapy. community-based treatment. an exorcism. Greek and Roman physicians described a person with mania as having symptoms of: Answer paranoia and aggression. euphoria and frenzied activity. heightened perception of surroundings. inflexible and maladaptive personality traits. Bob experiences unshakable sadness. His friends have given up trying to cheer him up because nothing works. An ancient Greek physician would have labeled his condition: Answer mania. hysteria. delusional. melancholia. Roughly 2,000 years ago, a Greek or Roman physician would most likely diagnose a person experiencing an overall decline in intellectual functioning as suffering from: Answer dementia. delusions. melancholia. hysteria.

5 5 of 17 Dementia is a condition characterized by: Answer general paresis. physical ailments. a general intellectual decline. loss of contact with reality. Margie's ability to think clearly and remember events has been deteriorating over the last several years. She now has difficulty even reading anything longer than a sentence because she cannot keep track of what she is reading. She is almost completely unable to function intellectually. According to Greek and Roman views, this is an example of: Answer amnesia. hysteria. dementia. general paresis. Jeff's left arm suddenly went numb. His physician was unable to find a physical cause of the problem. Jeff is apparently experiencing what the ancient Greek physicians called: Answer hysteria. dementia. paralysis. hypochondriasis. Sam once found a $100 bill on the sidewalk and did not turn it in to the police. Recently he has become more and more convinced that the police know this and have been following him and searching his house. He is certain that they mean to arrest him and put him in jail. His behavior involves what the ancient Greeks referred to as: Answer mania. hysteria. delusions. hallucinations. As you are talking to your advisor, he stares at the wall and asks you if you see the ants crawling on it (there are none). Your advisor is: Answer delusional. displaying a neurosis. having a hallucination. displaying a hysterical symptom. Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an imbalance in the four humors, one of which was: Answer water. lymph gland fluid. phlegm. cerebrospinal fluid. Hippocrates's contribution to the development of our understanding of mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of: Answer stress. natural causes. brain pathology. spiritual deviations. Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by: Answer hypnotizing patients. chaining patients to walls. correcting underlying physical pathology. encouraging patients to speak about past traumas.

6 6 of 17 Abnormal behavior is a symptom of disease, and once the disease is cured, the abnormality will cease. Who would agree most strongly with this statement? Answer St. Vitus Hippocrates demonologists clergy of the Middle Ages What this person needs to be rid of abnormal behavior is a quiet life, a vegetarian diet, exercise, and celibacy. Who would agree most strongly with this statement? Answer clergy of the Middle Ages ancient Roman physicians Henry VIII von Krafft-Ebing What model of mental illness did most people hold during the Middle Ages? Answer the moral model the medical model the psychogenic model the demonology model Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of: Answer exorcism. mass madness. physical pathology causing mental illness. disorders that were treated with trephination. The Devil made me do it! would be a believable reason for abnormal behaviors for: Answer clergy of the Middle Ages. ancient Roman physicians. ancient Greek physicians. von Krafft-Ebing. St. Vitus's dance, characterized by people suddenly going into convulsions, jumping around, and dancing, was also known as: Answer lycanthropy. melancholia. phlegmatism. tarantism. Mass madness is a general term that includes which of the following disorders common in the Middle Ages in Europe? Answer tarantism lycanthropy exorcism shamanism Those most often in charge of treating abnormality in the Middle Ages in Europe were the: Answer physicians. nobility. peasants. clergy.

7 7 of 17 The first physician to specialize in mental illness was: Answer Johann Weyer. William Tuke. Benjamin Rush. Sigmund Freud. The individual considered to be the parent of the modern study of psychopathology is: Answer Hippocrates. Johann Weyer. Dorothea Dix. Emil Kraepelin. Johann Weyer, considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology, was a physician in the: Answer 1200s. 1500s. 1700s. 1800s. Pilgrims in the 1500s would be most likely to go for psychic healing to: Answer Bethlehem Hospital in London. Gheel, Belgium. La Bicêtre in Paris. Athens, Greece. In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem asylum in London, became: Answer shrines. tourist attractions. sheltered workshops. centers of moral treatment. Treatment for mental illness in crowded asylums tended to be: Answer moral therapy. harsh and cruel. religiously based. psychogenic therapy. The first asylum was founded in: Answer Paris, France. Muslim Spain. New York. London, England. What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547? Answer Popularly called Bedlam, it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients. It was the first asylum. It was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house his numerous ex-wives. It was the first asylum where the moral treatment of patients was practiced. Had they been able, male mental patients in the early 1800s probably would have chosen to be institutionalized in:

8 8 of 17 Answer Bethlehem Hospital, London. Lunatics' Tower, Vienna. La Bicêtre, Paris. Val d'isère, France. The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that: Answer mental problems had a biological basis. demonology was a cause of mental illness. mental illness should be treated with sympathy and kindness. the cause of mental illness was immoral behavior. The person who cannot be given credit for the introduction of moral therapy was: Answer William Tuke. Jean Esquirol. Philippe Pinel. Henry VIII. The man who brought about the reforms of moral therapy to northern England was: Answer John Dix. Joseph Gall. William Tuke. Benjamin Rush. The man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to the United States was: Answer John Dix. Joseph Gall. William Tuke. Benjamin Rush. 'Moral treatment' is the best way to deal with abnormality; even the best of us at some time may break under stress. Who of the following would agree most strongly with this statement? Answer Henry VIII Emil Kraepelin Philippe Pinel Friedrich Anton Mesmer The parent of American psychiatry, who organized the first course in psychiatry in America, is: Answer Dorothea Dix. Benjamin Rush. William Tuke. Sigmund Freud. The American schoolteacher who lobbied state legislatures for laws to mandate human treatment of people with mental disorders was: Answer William Tuke. Dorothea Dix. Clifford Beers. Benjamin Rush. Which of the following is part of the legacy of Dorothea Dix?

9 9 of 17 Answer deinstitutionalization state mental hospitals federal prisons privatization of mental hospitals All of the following were advocates of moral treatment except for: Answer Dorothea Dix. Benjamin Rush. William Tuke. Sigmund Freud. The moral treatment movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because: Answer prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased. fewer and fewer immigrants were being sent to mental hospitals. all patients needing treatment had been helped. hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded. Part of the downfall of moral therapy was that: Answer it did not work for everyone. it was shown to be completely ineffective. too few patients were hospitalized. the development of psychogenic drugs replaced it. Hippocrates' model of mental illness would be described as: Answer psychiatric. somatogenic. psychogenic. supernatural. Another term for a cluster of symptoms is: Answer syndrome. somatogenesis. psychogenesis. general paresis. The fact that some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience neurological damage that results in psychological abnormality supports what type of perspective about abnormal psychological functioning? Answer somatogenic psychogenic moral deterministic The discovery of the link between general paresis and syphilis was made by: Answer Benjamin Rush. Emil Kraepelin. Fritz Schaudinn. Richard von Krafft-Ebing. The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that:

10 10 of 17 Answer mental patients should be deinstitutionalized. organic factors can cause mental illness. antibiotics cannot cure viral diseases. physicians should be the ones treating mental illnesses. The German researcher who argued that physical factors may cause mental dysfunction, and who developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behaviors, was: Answer Richard von Krafft-Ebing. Friedrich Anton Mesmer. Emil Kraepelin. Fritz Schaudinn. Eugenic sterilization reflects the perspective on abnormality. Answer somatogenic psychoanalytic cultural managed care The somatogenic treatment for mental illness that seems to have been the most successful was the use of: Answer psychosurgery. psychoanalysis. various medications. insulin shock therapy. Hypnotism is associated with all of the following except: Answer Mesmer. the somatogenic perspective. psychodynamic therapy. the late 1700s. Mesmer became famous or infamous for his work with patients suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. His patients' disorders are termed: Answer somatogenic. hysterical. phlegmatic. bilious. An otherwise normal person during hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. The occurrence of these abnormal behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality? Answer psychogenic somatogenic parthenogenic schizophrenegenic The nineteenth-century physician who argued that hysterical disorders were the result of degeneration in portions of the brain was: Answer Jean Charcot. Josef Breuer. Sigmund Freud. Hippolyte-Marie Bernheim.

11 11 of 17 Which point of view was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria (e.g., mysterious paralysis) could be induced by hypnosis? Answer psychogenic somatogenic demonological psychoanalytic Bernheim and Liébault used hypnotic suggestion to induce hysterical disorders in normal people, providing support for which perspective of abnormality? Answer psychogenic somatogenic psychoanalytic sociocultural The early psychogenic treatment that was advocated by Jean Charcot, Josef Breuer, and even Sigmund Freud was: Answer prayer. bleeding. hypnotism. trephining. Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of: Answer moral therapy. psychoanalysis. psychogenic therapy. all psychological therapy. Psychoanalysis is a form of: Answer moral therapy. outpatient therapy. behavioral therapy. somatogenic therapy. Many people are not aware of the sources of their abnormality, because abnormality often arises from unconscious psychological processes; such people need insight about those processes. Who would agree most strongly with this statement? Answer Mesmer Cicero Galen Freud Psychoanalysis, as Freud developed it, was a form of what we now would call: Answer Mesmerism. outpatient therapy. community psychology. Kraepelinism. Which of the following patients is most likely to benefit most from psychoanalytic treatment? Answer a person who needs to make profound behavioral changes very quickly a person who has difficulty expressing ideas and feelings verbally someone who is insightful and thinks clearly someone who is severely disturbed and in a mental hospital

12 12 of 17 Psychoanalysis is NOT very effective for hospitalized mental patients because: Answer there is not enough time for long-term therapy. the ratio of caretaker to patient is too high. patients lack the necessary insight and verbal skills. there are not enough patients to form meaningful therapy groups. Regarding the cause of mental disorders, more people today believe that mental illness is caused by which of the following? Answer sinful behavior lack of willpower lack of self-discipline something the person brought on him or herself A medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other mood disorders. The general term for this type of drug is: Answer psychogenic. somatogenic. psychotropic. somatotropic. Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed: Answer antidepressants. antiolytics. antihypochondriacals. antipsychotics. Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called: Answer psychedelics. antineurotics. psychotropics. psychophysiologicals. Dave is confused and usually thinks that he is King David (Old Testament). If his psychiatrist ordered medication, it would most likely be: Answer a stimulant drug. an antianxiety drug. an antipsychotic drug. an antidepressant drug. Jena is very unhappy. The condition is chronic and severe. If her psychiatrist prescribed medication it would likely be: Answer a stimulant drug. an antianxiety drug. an antipsychotic drug. an antidepressant drug. If your primary symptom were excessive worry, the best psychotropic drug for you would be an: Answer antipsychotic. antidepressant. antiemetic. antianxiety medication.

13 13 of 17 The number of patients hospitalized in mental hospitals in the United States today is MOST similar to the number hospitalized in: Answer The policy of deinstitutionalization forces attention to: Answer group psychotherapy. private psychotherapy. outpatient psychological services. the conditions in psychiatric facilities. People who are not impaired enough to need confinement in a mental hospital but who cannot live on their own sometimes live in supervised homes. This sort of facility is part of: Answer deinstitutionalization. private psychotherapy. the social welfare approach. the community mental health approach. In 1995, 600,000 people were in public mental health institutions in the United States. Since 1955, the number of institutionalized persons has: Answer doubled. stayed about the same. decreased by about 50 percent. decreased by more than 50 percent. In the United States today, one is most likely to find a severely ill mental patient: Answer in a mental hospital. on the street or in jail. receiving drug counseling in a shelter. in private therapy paid for by the state. The increased use of psychotropic medications in the past fifty years generally has led to: Answer deinstitutionalization and inpatient care. reinstitutionalization and inpatient care. deinstitutionalization and outpatient care. reinstitutionalization and outpatient care. One cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades has been the: Answer policy of deinstitutionalization. use of psychotropic medication. decrease in the use of private psychotherapy. move to the community mental health approach. The approach to therapy for mental illness in which a person pays a psychotherapist for services is called: Answer sociological therapy. the medical approach. private psychotherapy. the community mental health approach.

14 14 of 17 Surveys suggest that about what proportion of adults in the United States receive psychological therapy in a typical year? Answer 1/100 1/15 1/6 1/1000 The fact that hundreds of thousands of people with severe psychological disturbances end up living on the streets or in jails points out one deficiency of: Answer private psychotherapy. deinstitutionalization. managed care programs. forms of group therapy. Which of the following factors has not contributed substantially to the increasing numbers of people who receive outpatient care for psychological problems? Answer community mental health centers health insurance coverage for mental health care specialized mental health care for milder problems in living the growth of private psychotherapy paid for by individuals If you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the United States, your therapy will last for: Answer a year, with weekly sessions. about 100 hours. fewer than five sessions. 24 hours, in an inpatient facility. A significant change in the type of care offered now compared with the time Freud was practicing is that: Answer fewer patients are suffering from anxiety and depression. fewer patients receive outpatient treatment. people are more likely to receive treatment for problems in living. there are fewer specialized programs focused on treating only one type of problem. When community programs are focused on correcting social conditions that give rise to psychological problems, the approach is called: Answer negative psychology. criminology. etiology. prevention. A psychologist focuses on optimism, wisdom, happiness, and interpersonal skill. The psychologist is most likely: Answer a psychoanalyst. a positive psychologist. a community mental health worker. a rehabilitation specialist. Compared with the typical treatment in the 1950s, a patient today is more likely to receive: Answer psychoanalysis. treatment in a hospital setting. long-term humanistic therapy. specialized care, such as suicide prevention.

15 15 of 17 Which of the following pairs of words best describes the current emphasis in mental health? Answer prevention and positive psychology promotion and public psychology perfection and primary psychology people and professional psychology Immigration and differences in birth rates among minority groups in the United States have caused psychological treatment to become more: Answer hospital focused. multicultural. positive. dependent on the use of medications. If you were receiving multicultural therapy, you could expect all of the following except: Answer greater sensitivity to cultural issues in therapy. a focus on the uniqueness of the issues you face. a focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems. sensitivity to the traditions of the your particular culture. If a patient is a minority group member and has trouble affording treatment, feels uncomfortable with the therapist, and doesn't see results, the person is at risk for: Answer staying in therapy longer than recommended. abandoning his or her ethnic traditions. becoming more Americanized. dropping out of therapy. According to multicultural therapy, which of the following is the best recommendation for therapists who want to serve members of minority cultures? Answer learn about the minority culture practice traditional rather than empirical treatments focus on incorporating everyone into the dominant culture hospitalize minority members together What the #%*$!! is going on? The insurance company says I have to stop my anger management program now! The client who says this is most likely voicing concern about a: Answer managed care program. private psychotherapist. community mental health agency. sociocultural resource center. Which of the following is not a common feature of managed care programs? Answer limited pool of practitioners for patients to choose from preapproval for treatment by the insurance company ongoing reviews and assessments patient choice in number of sessions therapy can last Parity laws for insurance coverage of mental health treatment mandate that: Answer physicians and psychologists must have the same level of education. coverage for mental and physical problems must be reimbursed equally. the number of sessions allowed for treatment of mental and physical treatment must be equal. patients must be allowed to choose the therapist they want for treatment.

16 16 of 17 Which of the following sequences is correct in terms of prominence of mental health treatments in the United States during the twentieth century and beyond? Answer sociocultural, biological, psychoanalytic, behavioral psychoanalytic, biological, cognitive, sociocultural humanistic, sociocultural, biological, psychoanalytic biological, humanistic, psychoanalytic, sociocultural A physician who offers psychotherapy is called a: Answer psychiatrist. clinical psychologist. psychodiagnostician. psychoanalyst. One major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists is that psychiatrists: Answer went to medical school. must work in a medical setting. are allowed to do psychotherapy. have more training in mental illness. The specialty that presently has the largest number of practitioners is: Answer counseling psychology. psychiatric social work. educational and school psychology. marriage therapy. A psychiatrist receives three to four years of training in the treatment of abnormal functioning after medical school; this training is called a(n): Answer residency. internship. practicum. community mental health tour. A person is hard at work trying to discover which combination of environmental and genetic factors produces schizophrenia. Most likely, the person is a: Answer clinical researcher. psychiatric social worker. family therapist. counseling psychologist. The largest group of providers of psychotherapy and related services is: Answer psychiatrists. clinical psychologists. counseling psychologists. psychiatric social workers. If you were representing the current dominant theory of mental disorders, you would be: Answer a psychoanalyst. a gender-sensitive therapist. no single viewpoint dominates currently. an existentialist.

17 17 of 17 Clinical psychologists are unique among mental health professionals because they: Answer can prescribe medications. can conduct group therapy. work in outpatient centers. use psychological tests and conduct research. The most accurate summary of the field of abnormal psychology at the present time is that clinical psychologists generally: Answer accept one definition of abnormality, and practice one form of treatment. do not accept one definition of abnormality, but practice one form of treatment. accept one definition of abnormality, but practice more than one form of treatment. do not accept one definition of abnormality, and practice more than one form of treatment. One who studies the history of the field of abnormal psychology most likely would compare our current understanding of abnormal behavior with a book that: Answer hasn't even been begun. has received a title, but no text. is in the process of being written. is completed, and needs only to be read to be understood. The total economic cost of psychological disorders, including substance abuse, in the United States is closest to: Answer 400 million. 400 billion. 400 trillion. 400 thousand.