1. Discuss the four of the characteristics of primary groups and of secondary groups. Give illustrations of each. (short paragraph) Primary Groups

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1 1. Discuss the four of the characteristics of primary groups and of secondary groups. Give illustrations of each. (short paragraph) Primary Groups These are small social groups whereby members share individual and long term associations. This group is characterized by members spend time together, participate in various activities together, and believe that they know each other well. Generally, they demonstrate concern for each other. This group is also personal as well as strongly integrated since members are assist each other in various ways, however they typically see the group as the ultimate thing rather than a channel to realize some objectives. Moreover, members see one another whereby members as distinct and even irreplaceable. Secondary Groups This is a large as well as impersonal group whereby members pursue a particular objective or task. For instance, many individuals may be working in a same firm, yet majority pay pass attention to each other. Main characteristics of secondary group include; - Dominance of secondary association: this group is depicted by impersonal, non-inclusive connections and indirect. Associations are indirect due to the fact that the group is larger in terms of size and members do not co-exist together, where relationships are contractual due to the fact that they are centered to particular interests. - Largeness; this group is significantly bigger in terms of size. - Membership; in secondary group membership is basically voluntary. In addition, members have the freedom to join or quit the group. Nevertheless, some secondary groups such as state their membership is involuntary. - Interests; secondary group is formed to meet particular interests. Generally, members have an interest in the group since they aim at achieving specific objectives. 1 / 5

2 2. Discuss the concept of an aggregate, a category, and in group, and an out-group. Provide examples of each. (short paragraph) The book says that an aggregate a collection of individuals in a given location at the same time though they have no other association with each other. In addition, it s a temporary group of people that might interact or not. In most cases, they are transitory to be considered as a social cluster. For instance, individuals in a restaurant on a given evening, possible they do not know each other and chances are they will never. Category this is a cluster of people though they can be transformed into one. For instance, Moreover, a category is a cluster whose membership has not met and interacts, however they have similar identifying status features. For instance, individuals with blue eyes, college graduates are not a cluster but a category. They understand that other people have similar features, but majority are strangers to one another. In-group: This is a social group of individuals that thing they belong to a group and share same ideologies. In-group is characterized by people whose trustworthiness to one another represents togetherness. For instance, alumni group, religious association among others. Out-group: This is a group where individuals think they are strangers. This group is composed of who don t share any awareness of kindness. This attitude results to dislikes, evasion, hatred, or aggression towards other simply because personal predisposition to understand personal predisposition. For instance, they tend to think that other people are stingy, boastful and unfair. 3. Discuss Edward T Hall and his concept of personal space. Be very specific in your answer. (answer it by points) - The book says that intimate space is good when it comes to whispering and touch, individual distance is meant to talk to friends or relatives about feet; while 4-12 feet to interact with acquaintances. 2 / 5

3 - Speaking in public takes place in distances of roughly 7 to 12 feet for small clusters and mostly public distance of approximately 12 to 25 feet. - Public events mostly happen in secondary territories, including regular workshops or even public area that are reserved for events and utilized by various clusters with no access to space. - At the most elementary level, the speaker who uses public space requires making sure that the voice is audible enough to be heard. It is also imperative for the audience to see the speaker, gestures as well as underpinning visual content. 4. Discuss Irving Goffman and his theory of social interaction. Be very specific in your answer. (answer it by points) Meaning and Elements of Symbolic Interactionism Symbolic Interactionism is the use of signs and assignment for social interactions when it comes to interpreting stimulus, feedback and individual growth as a construct that stems from interactions. Codes of symbolic Interactionism - Human persons are bestowed with the ability for thinking - The ability for thought is determined by social interaction - When it comes to social interaction individuals tend to learn connotations and symbols that permit them to exercise their distinctively human ability for thought. - Individuals have the capability to alter the meanings and symbols they use in action and interaction on the basis of their understanding of the circumstances. 3 / 5

4 - Individuals have the ability to make these alterations because of the capacity to interrelate with self, an aspect that allows them to examine probable courses of action, evaluate their comparative merits and demerits and make informed decisions. - The interlined trends of action and interaction constitute groups and societies. 5. Define the concept of the McDonaldization of society according to the text. (short paragraph) According to Ritzer, (1993) McDonaldization of society becomes evident when a culture becomes accustomed to the fast food industry. In reality, McDonalization is a rethinking of a paradigm shift from conventional to lucid approaches of thinking, in addition to a scientific control. While Max Weber employed the theory of bureaucracy to symbolize the paradigm shift of society, Ritzer views the fast food industry as an ultramodern symbol of modern exemplar. McDonaldization in modern society has gained ground in diverse aspect like culture. In short, the process of McDonaldization can be recapped as the way with which ethos of the fast-food industry are slated to dominate various sectors of the American and the global society. 6. Discuss the concept of the lntenet and social interaction. (short paragraph) Based on the recent research, the increasing use of the internet has made people apportion less time with real human beings. Whereas the internet is opening up new communiqué prospects globally, people are now getting more concern about the impacts this has on social interaction. By and large, the increasing use the internet has adversely affected on the amount as well as type of social interaction taking shape. Works cited Giddens, A. (2007). Introduction to Sociology ninth edition pp.329 to / 5

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