Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience Mauro Mancia (Ed)

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1 Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience Mauro Mancia (Ed)

2 Mauro Mancia (Ed) Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience 123

3 MAURO MANCIA Institute of Human Physiology II University of Milan Milan, Italy Cover: left panel, Une leçon clinique à la Salpetrière.1887, by André Brouillet right panel, fig. reproduced from N. Osaka s chapter Library of Congress Control Number: ISBN Springer Milan Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN Springer Milan Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Italian Copyright Law in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the Italian Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com Springer-Verlag Italia 2006 Printed in Italy The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks,etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design: Simona Colombo, Milan, Italy Typesetting: Graphostudio, Milan, Italy Printing: Grafiche Porpora, Cernusco s/n (MI), Italy

4 Preface The papers collected in this volume have the aim of integrating the contributions from two disciplines: psychoanalysis and neuroscience. Recent great developments in the latter offer the opportunity to build a bridge to psychoanalysis, providing an anatomo-functional basis for some of the functions in which the psychoanalytic theories of the mind are rooted. The functions which are specifically discussed from an interdisciplinary point of view are the following: emotions, memory, unconscious, perception, attention, wakefulness, sleep, dreams, empathy, sharing affects, intentionality, embodied simulation, and aspects of infantile mental development. The book is divided into four sections. The first contains recent observations relating to memory in its double function (implicit and explicit) and its relation to the unconscious. This section also discusses the relationship between emotions, memory, and cognitive functions of the mind. Particular attention is paid to the right hemisphere, considered the emotional brain par excellence. Papers on the brain s predictive capacities and its plasticity in relation to special functional states complete this first section. The second section is dedicated to neuropsychological findings from bioimaging investigations related to the human mind s ability to share emotional and affective experiences. Here the role of mirror neurons in empathy, intentionality, and embodied simulation is discussed. The third section looks at the dream as a topic for dialogue between psychoanalysis, neurosciences, and cognitivism. The contributions of neurophysiology, experimental psychology, and neuropsychology are amply documented, focusing on the role of various cerebral structures and circuits (dopaminergic) in the organization of the mind s oneiric function. The importance of psychoanalysis in giving a meaning to the dream, linking it to early emotional experiences, and allowing a reconstruction of the patient s unconscious emotional and affective history is highlighted. The fourth section considers recent observations about prenatal and neonatal life. Fetal behavior has been studied using ultrasonographic techniques from the 10th week of gestation to delivery. Electrophysiological stud-

5 VI Preface ies after birth have made significant contributions to our understanding of the early organization of the infant mind. In conclusion, the book hopes to give readers a wide view of the various fields of interaction where neuroscientific observations can provide a neurofunctional basis for psychoanalytic theories and clinical work. I am especially grateful to Dr. Donatella Rizza for her support in collecting the papers and in structuring the whole book; to Mrs. Judy Baggott for her excellent translation of most of the chapters, and to Mrs. Laura Matteini for her help in revising the manuscripts. Mauro Mancia Institute of Human Physiology II University of Milan, Italy gie. L evidenza scientifica degli effetti benefici della fibra trova spaz

6 Contents List of Contributors IX Introduction: How the Neurosciences Can Contribute to Psychoanalysis MAURO MANCIA Part 1: Memories and Emotions Chapter 1. Cooperation not Incorporation: Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience GILBERT PUGH Chapter 2. Recollecting the Past in the Present: Memory in the Dialogue Between Psychoanalysis and Cognitive Science MARIANNE LEUZINGER-BOHLEBER AND ROLF PFEIFER Chapter 3. Implicit Memory and Unrepressed Unconscious: How They Surface in the Transference and in the Dream MAURO MANCIA Chapter 4. Interactions Between Emotion and Cognition: A Neurobiological Perspective KARINE SERGERIE AND JORGE L. ARMONY Chapter 5. Unconscious Emotional Memories and the Right Hemisphere GUIDO GAINOTTI Chapter 6. Psychoanalysis and Neurosciences: Anxiety in Perspective LUIGI CAPPELLI Chapter 7. The Predicting Brain: Psychoanalysis and Repeating the Past in the Present REGINA PALLY

7 VIII Contents Chapter 8. The Brain s Experience-Dependent Plasticity, State-Dependent Recall, and Creation of Subjectivity of Mental Functions DIETRICH LEHMANN AND MARTHA KOUKKOU Part 2: The Shared Emotions Chapter 9. The Sensorimotor Side of Empathy for Pain ALESSIO AVENANTI AND SALVATORE MARIA AGLIOTI Chapter 10. Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Affective Pain Induced by Mimic Words: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study NAOYUKI OSAKA Chapter 11. Intentional Attunement: Embodied Simulation and Its Role in Social Cognition VITTORIO GALLESE Part 3: The Dream Chapter 12. The Dream in the Dialogue Between Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience MAURO MANCIA Chapter 13. Repression: A Cognitive Neuroscience Approach MICHAEL C. ANDERSON Chapter 14. Dreaming: A Neurological View CLAUDIO L. BASSETTI,MATTHIAS BISCHOF AND PHILIPP VALKO Part 4: The Fetus and the Newborn Chapter 15. On the Onset of Human Fetal Behavior ALESSANDRA PIONTELLI Chapter 16. In Search of the Early Mental Organization of the Infant: Contributions from the Neurophysiology of Nursing JOHANNES LEHTONEN Subject Index

8 List of Contributors AGLIOTI SALVATORE Department of Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy ANDERSON MICHAEL C. Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA ARMONY JORGE Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Verdun, Canada AVENATI ALESSIO Department of Psychology University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy BASSETTI CLAUDIO L. Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland BISCHOF MATTHIAS Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland

9 X List of Contributors CAPPELLI LUIGI Department of Psychology, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy GAINOTTI GUIDO Neuropsychology Service, Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome, Italy GALLESE VITTORIO Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Italy KOUKKOU MARTHA The Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland LEHMANN DIETRICH The Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland LEHTONEN JOHANNES Department of Psychiatry, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland LEUZINGER-BOHLEBER MARIANNE Sigmund Freud Institut, Universität Kassel, Frankfurt, Germany MAURO MANCIA Institute of Human Physiology II, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

10 List of Contributors XI OSAKA NAOYUKI Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University PALLY REGINA UCLA Department of Psychiatry, New Center for Psychoanalysis and Private Practice of Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis, Los Angeles, USA PFEIFER ROLF Institut für Informatik, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland PIONTELLI ALESSANDRA Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Milan, Italy PUGH GILBERT Psychotherapist, Hackney, London, UK SERGERIE KARINE Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Verdun, Canada VALKO PHILIPP Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland