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7 3 E g3#) gad A 6A XA$k # A ) -W7e* ft # 6W7e* $ M K : 6 -YA 5-o BY9 BCD -JEF H BCD -JEF 6).* 66 #56F : A8 5LM -YM : * B 6F 6Y` #Ax* #5X) B7W, n % * -W7e* #. BCD -JEF #, 3*$4$ A$ 6A% #: A A/* A% : 6 K.X* \ # Q5LM -#Ax* #A5X) K : c 5 #J B)k ] * ANA* A* #A5:, #6* * #,. # 'EF 6ek ym 6A% A q Ae* A 5B/* mk 6W7e* RA 6A AA* A5B/* K H, #W -W7e* Q5LAM KA #A5B/* 6 9 :.B, B # H*9 A* BA)9 QA..A A A: A* 6 * A% B% A A, S5h BWm Vh -EC/ VhA 6A #AW -AW7e* AA* 6A% 6, Z A A F.BF M S*! K : c 5 o A A A5 Vh 'k o * 6*Q M A 6W7e* #5B/* : # ) 5yM References. Torgersen S, Kringlen E, Cramer V. The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry 200; (6): Bohus M, Haaf B, Simms T, Limberger MF, Schmahl C, Unckel C, et al. Effectiveness of inpatient dialectical behavioral therapy for borderline personality disorder: a controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2004; 42(5): Lieb K, Zanarini MC, Schmahl C, Linehan MM, Bohus M. Borderline personality disorder. Lancet 2004; 364(9432): Paris J. Borderline personality disorder what is it, what is causes it, How can we treat it. Canda Leading Medical Journal 2006; 72(2). 5. Paris J, Gunderson J, Weinberg I. The interface between borderline personality disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2007; 48(2): Krawitz R, Watson C, New Zealand Mental Health Commission. Borderline personality disorder: Pathways to effective service delivery and clinical treatment options. New Zealand: Mental Health Commission; Oldham JM. Borderline personality disorder and suicidality. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 63(): Weiss M, Zelkowitz P, Feldman RB, Vogel J, Heyman M, Paris J. Psychopathology in offspring of mothers with borderline personality disorder: a pilot study. Can J Psychiatry 996; 4(5): Silk KR. Augmenting psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: the STEPPS program. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 65(4): Bateman A, Fonagy P. Effectiveness of partial hospitalization in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 999; 56(0): Linehan M. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, NY: Guilford Press; Helgeland MI, Torgersen S. Developmental antecedents of borderline personality disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2004; 45(2): Zanarini MC, Williams AA, Lewis RE, Reich RB, Vera SC, Marino MF, et al. Reported pathological childhood experiences associated with the development of borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 997; 54(8): Westen D, Ludolph P, Misle B, Ruffins S, Block J. Physical and sexual abuse in adolescent girls with borderline personality disorder. Am J Orthopsychiatry 990; 60(): Salzman JP, Salzman C, Wolfson AN, Albanese M, Looper J, Ostacher M, et al. Association between borderline personality structure and history of childhood abuse in adult volunteers. Compr Psychiatry 993; 34(4):

8 &' = -3 ' 3>3 +? ' 6. Paris J, Zweig-Frank H, Guzder J. Psychological risk factors for borderline personality disorder in female patients. Compr Psychiatry 994; 35(4): Parker G, Roy K, Wilhelm K, Mitchell P, Austin MP, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. An exploration of links between early parenting experiences and personality disorder type and disordered personality functioning. J Pers Disord 999; 3(4): Gray JA. Three fundamental emotion systems. In: Ekman P, Davidson RJ, editors. The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions.oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 994. p Gray JA. Neural systems, emotion and psychopathology. In: Madden J, editor. Neurobiology of learning, emotion, and affect. New York, NY: Raven Press; 99. p Pickering AD, Gray JA. The neuroscience of personality. In: John OP, Robinson RW, Pervin LA, editors. Handbook of personality: Theory and research. 2 nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 999. p Knyazev GG, Wilson GD, Slobodskaya HR. Behavioural activation and inhibition in social adjustment. In: Corr PJ, editor. The reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality.cambridge: UK: Cambridge University Press; p Johnson SL, Turner RJ, Iwata N. BIS/BAS levels and psychiatric disorder: An epidemiological study. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2003; 25(): Colder CR, O'Connor RM. Gray's reinforcement sensitivity model and child psychopathology: laboratory and questionnaire assessment of the BAS and BIS. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2004; 32(4): Murisa P, Meesters C, Kanter ED, Timmerman PE. Behavioural inhibition and behavioural activation system scales for children: relationships with Eysenck's personality traits and psychopathological symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences 2005; 38(4): Slobodskaya HR. The associations among the Big Five, Behavioural Inhibition and Behavioural Approach systems and child and adolescent adjustment in Russia. Personality and Individual Differences 2007; 43(4): Caseras X, Torrubia R, Farré JM. Is the Behavioural Inhibition System the core vulnerability for cluster C personality disorders? Personality and Individual Differences 200; 3(3): Taylor J, Reeves M, James L, Bobadilla L. Disinhibitory trait profile and its relation to Cluster B personality disorder features and substance use problems. European Journal of Personality 2006; 20(4): Pastor MC, Ross SR, Segarra P, Montanés S, Poy, Molto' J. Behavioral inhibition and activation dimensions: Relationship to MMPI-2 indices of personality disorder. Personality and Individual Differences 2007; 42(2): Claes L, Vertommen S, Smits D, Bijttebier P. Emotional reactivity and self-regulation in relation to personality disorders. Personality and Individual Differences 2009; 47(8): Carver CS, White TL. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 994; 67(2): Akbari E, Bakhshipour Roudsari A, Azimi Z, Fahimi S, Ghasempour A, Pichakolaei A. Comparison of anxiety, depression, brain behavioral systems (BIS-BAS), coping styles, anger and hostility in people with and without asthma. J Res Rehabil Sci 20; 9(5): [In Persian]. 32. Fowles DC. Biological variables in psychopathology: A psychobiological perspective. In: Sutker PB, Adams HE, editors. Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology. 3 rd ed. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 200. p Kimbrel NA. A model of the development and maintenance of generalized social phobia. Clin Psychol Rev 2008; 28(4): Kimbrel NA, Cobb AR, Mitchell JT, Hundt NE, Nelson-Gray RO. Sensitivity to punishment and low maternal care account for the link between bulimic and social anxiety symptomology. Eat Behav 2008; 9(2): Bijttebier P, Beck I, Claes L, Vandereycken W. Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory as a framework for research on personality-psychopathology associations. Clin Psychol Rev 2009; 29(5): Hundt NE, Kimbrel NA, Mitchell J, Nelson Gray. High BAS, but not low BIS, predicts externalizing symptoms in adults. Personality and Individual Differences 2008; 44(3): Kimbrel NA, Mitchell JT, Nelson-Gray RO. An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety. J Anxiety Disord 200; 24(3): Korner A, Gerull F, Stevenson J, Meares R. Harm avoidance, self-harm, psychic pain, and the borderline personality: life in a "haunted house". Compr Psychiatry 2007; 48(3):

9 3E g3#) Behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition system in borderline personality disorder Touraj Hashemi, Ayda Abdollahzadeh- Jeddi 2 Original Article Abstract Aim and Background: High prevalence of borderline personality disorder and its harmful social, health and economic consequences highlights the importance of studying this disorder and its underlying factors. The present study aimed to investigating behavioral-brain systems of individuals with borderline disorder and its discriminative aspects of these systems in patients and healthy controls. Methods and Materials: Thus 30 patients who admitted to Razi Hospital (Tabriz, Iran), completed the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), behavioral activation system (BAS) questionnaire by Carver and White (BIS/BAS scales). Control group consisted of 30 subjects without any mental disorder history. Findings: Results from multi-variant regression analysis showed that the two groups had statistically significant differences in BAS, BIS and sensation seeking scale (P < 0.0). Among these factors, sensation seeking scale with Wilks lambda = 0.42 and BAS with Wilks lambda = 0.53 had statistically significant role in discrimination between the two groups. Conclusions: Hyperactivity of BIS caused a permanent anxiety and negative emotions experienced by borderline patients and hyperactivity of BAS could be the underlying reason of impulsivity, which is the core component of borderline personality disorder. According to other studies in the field of bio-neural factors effects in development of borderline personality disorder, this study can help to improve our understanding of disorder and therefore help to improve developing accurate methods to predict the possibility of disorder. In addition, it will help us to develop methods for primary prevention and developing more effective therapy methods. Keywords: Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, Behavioral activation system, Behavioral inhibition system, Borderline personality disorder, Impulsivity Citation: Hashemi T, Abdollahzadeh- Jeddi A. Behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition system in borderline personality disorder. J Res Behav Sci 203; (3): Received: Accepted: Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, The University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 2- PhD Candidate, Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, The University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran (Corresponding Author) aida_abdaleh_zade@yahoo.com 65

Personality and Individual Differences

Personality and Individual Differences 49 (2010) 989 994 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Personality and Individual Differences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/paid Reinforcement Sensitivity