Essential Evidence-Based Psychopharmacology

Transcription

1 Essential Evidence-Based Psychopharmacology Second Edition

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3 Essential Evidence-Based Psychopharmacology Second Edition Edited by Dan J. Stein Professor and Chair, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Bernard Lerer Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel Stephen M. Stahl Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA; Honorary Visiting Senior Fellow in Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

4 University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at theihighest international levels of excellence. Information on this title: / c Cambridge University Press 2012 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First edition first published 2005 Second edition first published thiprintingi2015 Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays,iStiIvesiplc A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Essential evidence-based psychopharmacology / edited by Dan J. Stein, Bernard Lerer, Stephen M. Stahl. 2nd ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: Evidence-based phamacology. Includes index. ISBN (hardback) 1. Mental illness Chemotherapy. 2. Psychotropic drugs. 3. Psychopharmacology. 4. Evidence-based medicine. I. Stein, Dan J. II. Lerer, Bernard. III. Stahl, S. M. IV. Evidence-based pharmacology. RC483.E dc ISBN Hardback ISBN Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does notguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwill remain, accurate or appropriate. Every effort has been made in preparing this book to provide accurate and up-to-date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this book. Readers are strongly advised to pay careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use.

5 Contents List of contributors Preface viii page vi 1. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 1 Brigette S. Vaughan, John S. March, and Christopher J. Kratochvil 2. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia 18 Stefan Leucht, Stephan Heres, WernerKissling,andJohnM.Davis 3. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder 39 Matthew J. Taylor and John R. Geddes 4. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of major depressive disorder 53 Jamie M. Dupuy, Michael J. Ostacher, Jeffrey Huffman, Roy H. Perlis, and Andrew A. Nierenberg 5. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of panic disorder 73 NeeltjeM.Batelaan,AntonJ.L.M.Van Balkom, and Dan J. Stein 6. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder 90 Carlos Blanco, Laura B. Bragdon, Franklin R. Schneier, and Michael R. Liebowitz 7. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of generalized anxiety disorder 110 DavidS.Baldwin,SarahWaldman,and Christer Allgulander 8. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of obsessive compulsive disorder 128 Naomi A. Fineberg, Angus Brown, and Ilenia Pampaloni 9. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of post-traumatic stress disorder 171 Jonathan C. Ipser and Dan J. Stein 10. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of eating disorders 190 Martine F. Flament, Hany Bissada, and Wendy Spettigue 11. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of nicotine and alcohol dependence 214 Wim van den Brink 12. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of illicit substance use disorders 235 Wim van den Brink 13. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer s disease 262 Darren Cotterell and Martin Brown 14. Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of personality disorders 278 Luis H. Ripoll, Joseph Triebwasser, and Larry J. Siever Index 316 v

6 Contributors Christer Allgulander Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden David S. Baldwin Clinical Neuroscience Division, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK Neeltje M. Batelaan Department of Psychiatry and EMGO institute, VU University Medical Center and GGZ ingeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Hany Bissada The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada Carlos Blanco Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Laura B. Bragdon Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Angus Brown Hertfordshire NHS Trust, UK Martin Brown Hampshire Partnership NHS Trust, Dunsbury Way Clinic, Havant, Hampshire, UK Darren Cotterell Solent Healthcare NHS Trust, St James Hospital, Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK John M. Davis Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA Jamie M. Dupuy Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Naomi A. Fineberg University of Hertfordshire and Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Welwyn Garden City, UK Martine F. Flament University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada John R. Geddes University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford UK Stephan Heres Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München, Germany Jeffrey Huffman Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Jonathan C. Ipser Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University,NewYork,NY,USA Werner Kissling Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München, Germany Christopher J. Kratochvil University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA vi

7 List of contributors vii Stefan Leucht Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München, Germany Michael R. Liebowitz Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA John S. March Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Andrew A. Nierenberg Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Michael J. Ostacher Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Ilenia Pampaloni Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Trust, UK Roy H. Perlis Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Luis H. Ripoll Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA Franklin R. Schneier Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA Larry J. Siever Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA Wendy Spettigue Children s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada Dan J. Stein Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Matthew J. Taylor Institute of Psychiatry, King s College London, UK Joseph Triebwasser Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA AntonJ.L.M.VanBalkom Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center and GGZ ingeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Wim van den Brink Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research (AIAR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands Brigette S. Vaughan University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA Sarah Waldman Mood and Anxiety Disorders Service, Hampshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, UK

8 Preface The pioneers of modern psychopharmacology prided themselves on the empirical nature of their work, and the rigor of their clinical data. Evidence-based medicine emphasizes the importance of searching for relevant studies and making decisions in the light of the data, and therefore has immediate appeal for psychopharmacology. This volume attempts to summarize recent advances in evidence-based medication treatment of psychiatric disorders. Clinical decisions are only as good as the existing evidence, and critics have rightly pointed out the necessity for good clinical judgment and for further research when the data is poor. Nevertheless, there has been a steady growth in methods for systematically reviewing the literature, assessing the clinical trials database, and optimizing clinical decision-making, as well as an ongoing expansion of the evidence-base. We therefore felt that it was timely to update our previous collection of evidence-based chapters on psychopharmacology. This volume comprises chapters on each of the major psychiatric disorders, and addresses questions such as (1) what is the best first-line psychopharmacological intervention for a particular disorder; (2) how long should such an intervention be continued, and (3) what is the next best strategy should the first-line psychopharmacological agent fail? These questions lie at the heart of clinical psychopharmacology, and we are hopeful that the volume will therefore appeal to practicing clinicians, whether they work in a primary or specialty setting. Dan J. Stein Beni Lerer Stephen Stahl viii