SCIENCE PROCESSES. Based on: Science Processes in Science Framework for California Public Schools, K-12

Transcription

1 SCIENCE PROCESSES Based on: Science Processes in Science Framework for California Public Schools, K-12

2 SCIENCE PROCESSES Observing Communicating Comparing Ordering Categorizing Relating Inferring Applying

3 OBSERVING The scientific thinking process from which fundamental patterns of the world are constructed.

4 Statements and questions that facilitate the process of observing: Tell us what you see. What does this feel like? Give us information about its shape and size. What do you hear? Point out the properties that you observe. What characteristics seem to be predominant? What properties can you find?

5 COMMUNICATING The scientific thinking process that conveys ideas through social interchanges.

6 Statements and questions that facilitate the process of communicating: What do you see? Draw a picture of what you see with a hand lens (through the microscope). Plot the data you gathered on a graph. Make a histogram of the number of raisins in slices of raisin bread. Write up your experiment so it can be replicated by someone else. Summarize your findings and present them to the class.

7 COMPARING The scientific thinking process that deals with concepts of similarities and differences.

8 Statements and questions that facilitate the process of comparing: How are these alike? How are these different? Compare these on the basis of similarities and differences. Which is larger/smaller (softer/louder, smoother/rougher, wetter/ drier)?

9 ORDERING The scientific thinking process that deals with patterns of sequence and seriation.

10 The scientific thinking process that deals with patterns of sequence and seriation. Which came first, second, last? What is the range in the data you gathered? In what order did these events take place? Where in the order would you place these (for inserting in a range) Give evidence of when the pattern repeats itself.

11 CATEGORIZING The scientific thinking process that deals with patterns of groups and classes.

12 Statements and questions that facilitate the process of classifying: On what basis would you group these objects? Put together all those that you think belong together. What is another way in which these minerals can be categorized? Identify several characteristics you used to classify these rocks. What grouping best reflects the evolutionary history of these animals?

13 RELATING The scientific thinking process that deals with principles concerning interactions.

14 Statements and questions that facilitate the process of relating: What factors caused the event to take place? Explain why this is a good or inadequate experimental design State a hypothesis so that it is testable. What is the relationship between the coloration of an animal, its environment, and its predators? Using this line graph, tell the relationship between distance and time. Design a study to compare the evaporation rates of different liquids (e.g., alcohol and water).

15 INFERRING The scientific thinking process that deals with ideas that are remote in time and space.

16 Statements and questions that facilitate the process of inferring: What can you infer from these data? What arguments can you give to support your prediction? Explain how we know about quasars. Under what conditions are we able to extrapolate or interpolate form data? How would you determine how many frogs live in a pond?

17 APPLYING The scientific thinking process by which we use knowledge.

18 Statements and questions that facilitate the process of applying: See who can invent a glider that will stay aloft the longest time. Design a way to keep an ice cube on your desk all day without melting. What political points of view must be considered if we are to protect the migration flight path of birds over several countries? What factors must be weighed if experimentation on animals is to take place? How did different lines of evidence confirm a theory of continental drift?

19 SCIENCE PROCESSES Observing Communicating Comparing Ordering Categorizing Relating Inferring Applying