SPATIAL PROCESSING IN NAVIGATION, IMAGERY AND PERCEPTION

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2 SPATIAL PROCESSING IN NAVIGATION, IMAGERY AND PERCEPTION

3 SPATIAL PROCESSING IN NAVIGATION, IMAGERY AND PERCEPTION Edited by Fred Mast University of Lausanne, Switzerland and Lutz Jäncke University of Zürich, Switzerland

4 Fred Mast University of Lausanne Department of Psychology Anthropole 5189 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Lutz Jäncke University of Zürich Department of Psychology Treichlerstrasse 10 CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland Library of Congress Control Number: ISBN e-isbn Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights springer.com

5 This book is dedicated to our sons Cedric, Yannick and Frederic

6 Contents Dedication Contributing Authors Preface v xi xvii Chapter 1 Spatial Processing during Mental Imagery: A Neurofunctional Theory 1 Stephen Kosslyn, Jennifer Shephard and William Thompson Chapter 2 The Role of Imagery in Navigation: Neuropsychological Evidence 17 Cecilia Guariglia and Luigi Pizzamiglio Chapter 3 Functional Equivalence of Spatial Images Produced by Perception and Spatial Language 29 Jack Loomis, Roberta Klatzky, Marios Avraamides, Yvonne Lippa and Reginald Golledge Chapter 4 Spatial Processing and View-dependent Representations 49 Ranxiao Frances Wang

7 viii Contents Chapter 5 Modeling Mental Spatial Knowledge Processing 67 Thomas Barkowsky Chapter 6 Optic Ataxia: A Gateway to the Human Visual Action System 85 Marc Himmelbach and Hans-Otto Karnath Chapter 7 Interactions Between Cognitive Space and Motor Activity 107 Bruce Bridgeman and Brian Lathrop Chapter 8 Cross-modal Involvement of Visual Cortex in Tactile Perception 119 K. Sathian and Simon Lacey Chapter 9 Neuroanatomy of the Parietal Cortex 135 Lutz Jäncke Chapter 10 Spatial Maps, Feature Integration and Parietal Function: Implications from the Study of Spatial Deficits 147 Lynn Robertson Chapter 11 Pigs in Space: How we Recognize Rotated Objects 163 Michael Corballis, Branka Milivojevic and Irina Harris Chapter 12 Functional Neuroanatomy of Mental Rotation Performance 183 Lutz Jäncke and Kirsten Jordan Chapter 13 Spatial Orientation and Navigation in Microgravity 209 Charles Oman Chapter 14 Spatial Representations in the Rat: Case Study or Perspective on Episodic Memory? 249 Françoise Schenk, Delphine Preissmann and Chiara Sautter

8 Contents ix Chapter 15 Sensorimotor Transformations in Spatial Orientation Relative to Gravity 281 Bernhard Hess Chapter 16 Sensorimotor Control of Human Dynamic Behavior in Space Implemented into a Hominoid Robot 301 Thomas Mergner, Christoph Maurer and Georg Schweigart Chapter 17 The Ventro-dorsal Stream: Parieto-premotor Neural Circuits and Their Role in Primate Cognition Vittorio Gallese 329 Chapter 18 Mind over Matter? Imagined Body Movements and Their Neuronal Correlates 353 Fred Mast, Laura Bamert and Nathaniel Newby Chapter 19 Bottom-up Effects of Sensory Conflict and Adaptation on Mental Imagery: Sensorimotor Grounds for High Level Cognition? 369 Gilles Rode, Sophie Jacquin-Courtois, Patrice Revol, Laure Pisella, Anne Sylvie Sacri, Dominique Boisson and Yves Rossetti Chapter 20 Cortical Processing of Auditory Space: Pathways and Plasticity 389 Josef Rauschecker Chapter 21 Networks for Attentional Control and Selection in Spatial Vision 411 George Mangun and Sean Fannon Acknowledgments 433 Index 435

9 Contributing Authors Marios Avraamides Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Laura Bamert Department of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Thomas Barkowsky University of Bremen, Germany Dominique Boisson INSERM, Université Claude Bernard, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon; Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France Bruce Bridgeman Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Michael Corballis Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand Sean Fannon Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, USA Vittorio Gallese Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Italy

10 xii Contributing Authors Reginald Golledge Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Cecilia Guariglia Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Irina Harris School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia Bernhard Hess University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland Marc Himmelbach Section Neuropsychology, Center for Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen Sophie Jacquin-Courtois INSERM, Université Claude Bernard, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France Lutz Jäncke Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, Switzerland Kirsten Jordan Institute of Medical Psychology, University of Goettingen, Germany Hans-Otto Karnath Section Neuropsychology, Center for Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany Roberta Klatzky Department of Psychology, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA Stephen Kosslyn Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA Simon Lacey School of Human Sciences, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, UK Brian Lathrop Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA

11 Contributing Authors xiii Yvonne Lippa Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, USA Jack Loomis Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA George Mangun Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, USA Fred Mast Department of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Christoph Maurer Neurology, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Germany Thomas Mergner Neurology, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Germany Branka Milivojevic Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand Nathaniel Newby Johnson Space Center, Houston, USA Charles Oman Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA Laure Pisella INSERM, Université Claude Bernard, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France Luigi Pizzamiglio Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Delphine Preissmann Department of Physiology and Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland John Rauschecker Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, USA

12 xiv Contributing Authors Patrice Revol INSERM, Université Claude Bernard, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon; Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France Lynn Robertson Veterans Administration Medical Research, Martinez, CA; Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA Gilles Rode INSERM, Université Claude Bernard, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France Yves Rossetti INSERM, Université Claude Bernard, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon; Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France Anne Sylvie Sacri INSERM, Université Claude Bernard, and Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France K. Sathian Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA Chiara Sautter Department of Physiology and Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Françoise Schenk Department of Physiology and Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Georg Schweigart Neurology, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Germany Jennifer Shephard Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

13 Contributing Authors xv William Thompson Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA Ranxiao Frances Wang Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA

14 Preface Spatial Processing in Navigation, Imagery and Perception Since the decade of the brain cognitive processes have found their way to the study of brain functions and an increasing number of research studies are dealing with the aspect of spatial processing. In fact, a tremendous part of the cognitive domains studied pertain to spatial processing. However, there is also a growing tendency for diversification in relation to the subprocesses underlying spatial processing. Not only are there studies looking at the well known place cells in rats, rabbits and other animals, there is also an increasing number of studies looking at related topics in humans and monkeys such as spatial orientation, spatial construction, and spatial imagery. These studies, although diverse at first glance, have many aspects in common. We are now on the root to understand the underlying neuroanatomy and neurophysiology much better than ever before. This is made possible by the advent of novel techniques such as structural and functional in vivo anatomy, modeling, and several sophisticated behavioral research tools such as virtual reality techniques and simulators. Spatial processing is fundamental for understanding human cognition. However, compared to other domains such as memory, language, and attention the exploration of spatial functions has been understudied in the past years. Besides the fact that the neural underpinnings of spatial processing are much more complex than they have been conceived before it has turned out that spatial functions have been shown to be involved in almost any cognitive function, even in auditory processing (e.g., music perception). Moreover, a modular organization of cognitive functions is

15 xviii Preface challenged by recent findings showing that cognitive functions are nested and intertwined. Since the processing of spatial information is so centrally involved in controlling cognitive functions it might help to understand better how basic cognitive functions operate such as language, attention, perception, movement control and mental imagery. Recent research has shown that perception and action are well linked with spatial processing. Visual representations of tools are obviously located in the parietal lobe because they are automatically linked to tool use. Not only the parietal lobe is delineated in a much more precise way, it is now evident that its connections to frontal areas play a major role in spatial processing. Spatial processing is distributed in complex cortical and sub-cortical structures. For example, it also involves sensory information of vestibular origin, the role of which has been widely neglected in previous research using cognitive tasks. On the one hand modern techniques from the neurosciences have been shown to be the catalyst of this research, there is on the other hand a revival of behavioral approaches. It is in fact the fruitful combination of both why this exciting field has progressed so far and is still progressing for many years to come. The importance of research on spatial processing does not only concern basic researchers it is rather most important for its application in professional areas. It has gotten tremendously important to know how the human brain is accomplishing spatial tasks in real life scenarios such as driving a car, orienting oneself in large scale cities, postural control or playing various sports like baseball, soccer or tennis. Several researchers are devoted to develop strategies to cure people from various diseases or to learn more about how to counteract against the declining spatial functions with age. A promising applied area for research on spatial processing will be the plasticity and training related influences on spatial functions (e.g., stimulation of the parietal cortex can enhance spatial functions to a certain degree). Demands are substantially increasing in our culture with a steadily growing use of computer games, simulator techniques and video oriented teaching tools. Thus, a better understanding of the spatial functions is a necessary prerequisite for efficiently inserting new technologies in everyday life. Despite the fact that the environment strongly influences spatial behavior more emphasis needs to be given to the genetic underpinnings. This track of research will benefit from tying together genetic screening and brain imaging (genetic brain imaging of spatial functions). Hopefully, this approach may be included in a future edition of this book. This book aims to provide a common platform for researchers from different fields or disciplines studying spatial functions. We were successful in having as