Springer Handbook of Auditory Research

Transcription

1 Springer Handbook of Auditory Research For further volumes:

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3 Yale E. Cohen Arthur N. Popper Richard R. Fay Editors Neural Correlates of Auditory Cognition

4 Editors Yale E. Cohen Department of Otorhinolaryngology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA Arthur N. Popper Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA Richard R. Fay Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, MA, USA ISSN ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

5 We dedicate this volume to our colleague and friend, James C. Saunders, an outstanding teacher and mentor. Jim s enthusiasm for science and the scienti fi c process was, and continues to be, contagious to all.

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7 Series Preface The preface that follows is the one that we published in Volume 1 of the Springer Handbook of Auditory Research back in Thus, 2012 marks the 20th year of SHAR. As anyone reading the original preface, or the many users of the series, will note, we have far exceeded our original expectation of eight volumes. Indeed, with books published to date, and those in the pipeline, we are now set for more than 50 volumes in SHAR, and we are still open to new and exciting ideas for additional books. We are very proud that there seems to be consensus, at least among our friends and colleagues, that SHAR has become an important and in fl uential part of the auditory literature. While we have worked hard to develop and maintain the quality and value of SHAR, the real value of the books is very much attributable to the numerous authors who have given their time to write outstanding chapters and to our many coeditors who have provided the intellectual leadership to the individual volumes. We have worked with a remarkable and wonderful group of people, many of whom have become great personal friends of both of us. We also continue to work with a spectacular group of editors at Springer, currently Ann Avouris. Indeed, several of our past editors have moved on in the publishing world to become senior executives. To our delight, this includes the current president of Springer US, Dr. William Curtis. But the truth is that the series would not and could not be possible without the support of our families, and we want to take this opportunity to dedicate all of the SHAR books, past and future, to them. Our wives, Catherine Fay and Helen Popper, and our children, Michelle Popper Levit, Melissa Popper Levinsohn, Christian Fay, and Amanda Fay, have been immensely patient as we developed and worked on this series. We thank them, and state, without doubt, that this series could not have happened without them. vii

8 viii Series Preface Preface 1992 The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of comprehensive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern auditory research. The volumes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including advanced graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and clinical investigators. The volumes are intended to introduce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in fi elds of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume presents a particular topic comprehensively, and each serves as a synthetic overview and guide to the literature. As such, the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in peerreviewed journals. The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beginning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature. Each volume in the series consists of a few substantial chapters on a particular topic. In some cases, the topics will be ones of traditional interest for which there is a substantial body of data and theory, such as auditory neuroanatomy (Vol. 1) and neurophysiology (Vol. 2). Other volumes in the series deal with topics that have begun to mature more recently, such as development, plasticity, and computational models of neural processing. In many cases, the series editors are joined by a coeditor having special expertise in the topic of the volume. Richard R. Fay, Falmouth, MA Arthur N. Popper, College Park, MD

9 Volume Preface Hearing and communication present a variety of challenges to the nervous system. To be heard and to be understood, a communication signal must be transformed from a time-varying acoustic waveform to a perceptual representation and then to an abstract representation that combines the perceptual representation with memory stores and semantic/referential information. Finally, this abstract representation must be interpreted to form categorical decisions that guide behavior. Did I hear the stimulus? From where and whom did it come? What does it tell me? How can I use this information to plan an action? All of these issues and questions underlie auditory cognition. This volume emphasizes those literatures that combine measurements of behavioral (psychophysical) responses with measurements of the responses of single neurons. Since the auditory cortex is modulated by cognitive factors (e.g., attention, memory, and reward values) and ongoing task demands, their effect on the neural code can be tested only when behavioral responses and single-neuron activity are simultaneously recorded. This relationship between behavior and single-neuron activity is one of the most signi fi cant issues in auditory neuroscience and, more generally, in sensory and cognitive neuroscience. Chapters 2 and 3 set the stage for the remaining chapters in the book. In Chapter 2, Rauschecker reviews the hypothesis that the auditory cortex contains two functional processing streams: one pathway devoted to the neural computations underlying spatial processing (where is the sound?) and the other pathway devoted to computations underlying auditory-object processing (what is the sound?). In Chapter 3, Scheich and Brosch review the contribution of the auditory cortex to cognitive components of auditory behavior. The next section of this volume expands on the topics raised by Rauschecker in Chapter 2. In Chapter 4, Recanzone discusses the role of the auditory cortex in spatial processing and localization, while in Chapter 5, Schnupp, Honey, and Willmore focus on auditory-object perception and the neural correlates underlying this form of perception. ix

10 x Volume Preface Chapters 6 and 7 focus on the neural processing and perception underlying a speci fi c type of auditory object: vocal-communication signals. Chapter 6 by Steinschneider focuses on how listeners extract phonemes the smallest unit of human speech from the acoustic environment. In our daily lives, this ability seems automatic and even trivial. In Chapter 7, Ghazanfar and Chandrasekaran overview the multimodal nature of communication and the neural signals mediating multimodal communication. The fi nal three chapters of the book focus on attention, memory, and plasticity, themes that are initially introduced by Scheich and Brosch in Chapter 3. The interdependencies of attention and memory and the neural codes that underlie auditory attention and memory are discussed by Poremba and Bigelow in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 by Fritz, David, and Shamma raises the possibility that this idea may need re fi ning, and the authors review a body of literature indicating that the tuning properties of a neuron are plastic and are functionally dependent on the immediate needs of the listener. Finally, in Chapter 10, Shepard, Kilgard, and Liu continue with the theme of plasticity and how a listener s experience has a profound impact on a neuron s response properties and how auditory information is organized and represented in the brain. As is always the case with SHAR volumes, this volume builds on and complements many of the outstanding previous volumes in the SHAR series. In particular, the material in this volume is complemented by material in several volumes that focus on psychophysics and neural activity in the human auditory cortex including Human Psychophysics (Vol. 3, edited by Yost, Popper, and Fay), Auditory Perception of Sound Sources (Vol. 29, edited by Yost, Popper, and Fay), and Human Auditory Cortex (Vol. 43, edited by Poeppel, Overath, Fay, and Popper). Yale E. Cohen, Philadelphia, PA Arthur N. Popper, College Park, MD Richard R. Fay, Falmouth, MA

11 Contents 1 Auditory Cognition: The Integration of Psychophysics with Neurophysiology... 1 Yale E. Cohen 2 Processing Streams in Auditory Cortex... 7 Josef P. Rauschecker 3 Task-Related Activation of Auditory Cortex Henning Scheich and Michael Brosch 4 The Role of Auditory Cortex in Spatial Processing Gregg H. Recanzone 5 Neural Correlates of Auditory Object Perception Jan W.H. Schnupp, Christian Honey, and Ben D.B. Willmore 6 Phonemic Representations and Categories Mitchell Steinschneider 7 The Influence of Vision on Auditory Communication in Primates Asif A. Ghazanfar and Chandramouli Chandrasekaran 8 Neurophysiology of Attention and Memory Processing Amy Poremba and James Bigelow 9 Attention and Dynamic, Task-Related Receptive Field Plasticity in Adult Auditory Cortex Jonathan B. Fritz, Stephen David, and Shihab Shamma 10 Experience-Dependent Plasticity and Auditory Cortex Kathryn N. Shepard, Michael P. Kilgard, and Robert C. Liu xi

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13 Contributors James Bigelow Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 SSH, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA Michael Brosch Leibniz-Institut für Neurobiologie and Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Brenneckestraße 6, Magdeburg, Germany Chandramouli Chandrasekaran Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA Yale E. Cohen Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St 5 Ravdin, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Stephen David Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR , USA Jonathan B. Fritz Neural Systems Lab, Institute for Systems Research, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Asif A. Ghazanfar Departments of Psychology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA Christian Honey Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK Michael P. Kilgard School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, GR 41, Richardson, TX 75083, USA Robert C. Liu Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd. NE Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, PO Box 3999, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA and Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA xiii

14 xiv Contributors Amy Poremba Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 SSH, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA Josef P. Rauschecker Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building, Room WP19, Box , Washington, DC 20057, USA Gregg H. Recanzone Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California at Davis, 1544 Newton Ct., Davis, CA 95618, USA Henning Scheich Leibniz-Institut für Neurobiologie and Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Brenneckestraße 6, Magdeburg, Germany Jan W.H. Schnupp Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK Shihab Shamma Neural Systems Lab, Institute for Systems Research, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Kathryn N. Shepard Neuroscience Graduate Program and Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd. NE; and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Mitchell Steinschneider Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Ben D.B. Willmore Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK